Python对两个有序列表进行合并和排序的例子
假设有2个有序列表l1、l2,如何效率比较高的将2个list合并并保持有序状态,这里默认排序是正序。
思路是比较简单的,无非是依次比较l1和l2头部第一个元素,将比较小的放在一个新的列表中,以此类推,直到所有的元素都被放到新的列表中。
考虑2个列表l1 = [2], l2 = [1],如何将他们合并呢?(注意:下面实现会改变l1和l2本来的值)
代码如下:
def signle_merge_sort(l1, l2):
tmp = []
if l1[0] tmp.append(l1[0])
tmp.extend(l2)
del l2[0]
else:
tmp.append(l2[0])
tmp.extend(l1)
del l1[0]
return tmp
这真的只能处理一个元素的情形,还不能解决问题,不过好歹我们有一个大概的思路了。如果有列表中2个元素,上面的方法就不行了。我们需要解决边界判断问题,即当l1或者l2有一个为空的时,将剩下的一个list加到排序结果的尾部。然后确保函数每次调用只处理一个元素,通过递归来解决问题。
代码如下:
def recursion_merge_sort1(l1, l2):
tmp = []
if len(l1) == 0:
tmp.extend(l2)
return tmp
elif len(l2) == 0:
tmp.extend(l1)
return tmp
else:
if l1[0] tmp.append(l1[0])
del l1[0]
else:
tmp.append(l2[0])
del l2[0]
tmp += recursion_merge_sort1(l1, l2)
return tmp
上面的程序有2个问题:if判断太多;每次都要初始化tmp,对内存使用似乎不太友好。考虑到程序在l1或者l2有一个为空的时候就终止,可以稍微改写一下:
代码如下:
def _recursion_merge_sort2(l1, l2, tmp):
if len(l1) == 0 or len(l2) == 0:
tmp.extend(l1)
tmp.extend(l2)
return tmp
else:
if l1[0] tmp.append(l1[0])
del l1[0]
else:
tmp.append(l2[0])
del l2[0]
return _recursion_merge_sort2(l1, l2, tmp)
def recursion_merge_sort2(l1, l2):
return _recursion_merge_sort2(l1, l2, [])
但是对于Python而言,即使是尾递归,效率也不是那么高,为了避免爆栈,通常还是会用循环来做,再稍微改写一下:
代码如下:
def loop_merge_sort(l1, l2):
tmp = []
while len(l1) > 0 and len(l2) > 0:
if l1[0] tmp.append(l1[0])
del l1[0]
else:
tmp.append(l2[0])
del l2[0]
tmp.extend(l1)
tmp.extend(l2)
return tmp
今天栽了个坑,好好反省,就是这样。

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