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浅析python 中__name__ = '__main__' 的作用

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:31 AM
python

很多新手刚开始学习python的时候经常会看到python 中__name__ = \'__main__\' 这样的代码,可能很多新手一开始学习的时候都比较疑惑,python 中__name__ = '__main__' 的作用,到底干嘛的?

有句话经典的概括了这段代码的意义:

“Make a script both importable and executable”

意思就是说让你写的脚本模块既可以导入到别的模块中用,另外该模块自己也可执行

这句话,可能一开始听的还不是很懂。下面举例说明:

先写一个模块:

#module.py
def main():
  print "we are in %s"%__name__
if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

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这个函数定义了一个main函数,我们执行一下该py文件发现结果是打印出”we are in __main__“,说明我们的if语句中的内容被执行了,调用了main():

但是如果我们从另我一个模块导入该模块,并调用一次main()函数会是怎样的结果呢?

#anothermodle.py
from module import main
main()

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其执行的结果是:we are in module

但是没有显示”we are in __main__“,也就是说模块__name__ = '__main__' 下面的函数没有执行。

这样既可以让“模块”文件运行,也可以被其他模块引入,而且不会执行函数2次。这才是关键。

总结一下:

如果我们是直接执行某个.py文件的时候,该文件中那么”__name__ == '__main__'“是True,但是我们如果从另外一个.py文件通过import导入该文件的时候,这时__name__的值就是我们这个py文件的名字而不是__main__。

这个功能还有一个用处:调试代码的时候,在”if __name__ == '__main__'“中加入一些我们的调试代码,我们可以让外部模块调用的时候不执行我们的调试代码,但是如果我们想排查问题的时候,直接执行该模块文件,调试代码能够正常运行!

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