node.js有哪些优缺点?
node.js的优缺点有:1、拥有高并发及适合“I/O”密集型应用的优势;2、不适合CPU密集型应用;3、只支持单核CPU,不能充分利用CPU;4、可靠性低,一旦代码某个环节崩溃,整个系统都崩溃。
Node.js本质上是一个JavaScript的运行环境。
Node.js是一个基于Chrome JavaScript运行时建立的平台, 用于方便地搭建响应速度快、易于扩展的网络应用。Node.js使用事件驱动,非阻塞I/O 模型而得以轻量和高效,非常适合在分布式设备上运行数据密集型的实时应用。
V8引擎本身使用了一些最新的编译技术。这使得用Javascript这类脚本语言编写出来的代码运行速度获得了极大提升,又节省了开发成本。对性能的苛求是Node的一个关键因素。 Javascript是一个事件驱动语言,Node利用了这个优点,编写出可扩展性高的服务器。Node采用了一个称为“事件循环(event loop)”的架构,使得编写可扩展性高的服务器变得既容易又安全。提高服务器性能的技巧有多种多样。Node选择了一种既能提高性能,又能减低开发复杂度的架构。这是一个非常重要的特性。并发编程通常很复杂且布满地雷。Node绕过了这些,但仍提供很好的性能。
Node采用一系列“非阻塞”库来支持事件循环的方式。本质上就是为文件系统、数据库之类的资源提供接口。向文件系统发送一个请求时,无需等待硬盘(寻址并检索文件),硬盘准备好的时候非阻塞接口会通知Node。该模型以可扩展的方式简化了对慢资源的访问, 直观,易懂。尤其是对于熟悉onmouseover、onclick等DOM事件的用户,更有一种似曾相识的感觉。
虽然让Javascript运行于服务器端不是Node的独特之处,但却是其一强大功能。不得不承认,浏览器环境限制了我们选择编程语言的自由。任何服务器与日益复杂的浏览器客户端应用程序间共享代码的愿望只能通过Javascript来实现。虽然还存在其他一些支持Javascript在服务器端 运行的平台,但因为上述特性,Node发展迅猛,成为事实上的平台。
在Node启动的很短时间内,社区就已经贡献了大量的扩展库(模块)。其中很多是连接数据库或是其他软件的驱动,但还有很多是凭他们的实力制作出来的非常有用的软件。
最后,不得不提到的是Node社区。虽然Node项目还非常年轻,但很少看到对一个项目如此狂热的社区。不管是新手,还是专家,大家都围绕着项目,使用并贡献自己的能力,致力于打造一个探索、支持、分享、听取建议的乐土。
NodeJS的优缺点
优点:
1、高并发(最重要的优点)
2、适合I/O密集型应用
缺点:
1、不适合CPU密集型应用;CPU密集型应用给Node带来的挑战主要是:由于JavaScript单线程的原因,如果有长时间运行的计算(比如大循环),将会导致CPU时间片不能释放,使得后续I/O无法发起;
解决方案:分解大型运算任务为多个小任务,使得运算能够适时释放,不阻塞I/O调用的发起;
2、只支持单核CPU,不能充分利用CPU
3、可靠性低,一旦代码某个环节崩溃,整个系统都崩溃
原因:单进程,单线程
解决方案:
(1)Nnigx反向代理,负载均衡,开多个进程,绑定多个端口;
(2)开多个进程监听同一个端口,使用cluster模块;
4、开源组件库质量参差不齐,更新快,向下不兼容
5、Debug不方便,错误没有stack trace
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