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简单谈谈php浮点数精确运算

Jun 06, 2016 pm 07:34 PM
php Simple Operation

bc是Binary Calculator的缩写。bc*函数的参数都是操作数加上一个可选的 [int scale],比如string bcadd(string $left_operand, string $right_operand[, int $scale]),如果scale没有提供,就用bcscale的缺省值。这里大数直接用一个由0-9组成的string表示,

bc是Binary Calculator的缩写。bc*函数的参数都是操作数加上一个可选的 [int scale],比如string bcadd(string $left_operand, string $right_operand[, int $scale]),如果scale没有提供,就用bcscale的缺省值。这里大数直接用一个由0-9组成的string表示,计算结果返回的也是一个 string。

bcadd — 将两个高精度数字相加
bccomp — 比较两个高精度数字,返回-1, 0, 1
bcdiv — 将两个高精度数字相除
bcmod — 求高精度数字余数
bcmul — 将两个高精度数字相乘
bcpow — 求高精度数字乘方
bcpowmod — 求高精度数字乘方求模,数论里非常常用
bcscale — 配置默认小数点位数,相当于就是Linux bc中的”scale=”
bcsqrt — 求高精度数字平方根
bcsub — 将两个高精度数字相减

首先看一段代码:

<&#63;php
$a = 0.1;
$b = 0.7;
var_dump(($a + $b) == 0.8);

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打印出来的值居然为 boolean false

这是为啥?PHP手册对于浮点数有以下警告信息:

Warning
浮点数精度
显然简单的十进制分数如同 0.1 或 0.7 不能在不丢失一点点精度的情况下转换为内部二进制的格式。这就会造成混乱的结果:例如,floor((0.1+0.7)*10) 通常会返回 7 而不是预期中的 8,因为该结果内部的表示其实是类似 7.9999999999...。
这和一个事实有关,那就是不可能精确的用有限位数表达某些十进制分数。例如,十进制的 1/3 变成了 0.3333333. . .。
所以永远不要相信浮点数结果精确到了最后一位,也永远不要比较两个浮点数是否相等。如果确实需要更高的精度,应该使用任意精度数学函数或者 gmp 函数

那么上面的算式我们应该改写为

<&#63;php
$a = 0.1;
$b = 0.7;
var_dump(bcadd($a,$b,2) == 0.8);

Copy after login

这样就能解决浮点数的计算问题了

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