Table of Contents
以SOAP方式提供数据
在SOAP方法中接受参数
自动生成WSDL文件
处理SOAP头部信息
生成SOAP头信息
用SOAP头实现验证
Home php教程 php手册 PHP Cookbook读书笔记 – 第15章创建Web服务

PHP Cookbook读书笔记 – 第15章创建Web服务

Jun 06, 2016 pm 07:40 PM
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实现一个REST的WEB 服务 实现一个REST的web 服务 相对还是比较简单的,用到了HTTP的GET、POST、PUT、DELETE特性。其PHP的处理代码和普通处理POST和GET十分相似 // 转换到大写$request_method = strtoupper($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']);switch ($request_met

PHP Cookbook读书笔记 – 第15章创建Web服务实现一个REST的WEB服务

实现一个REST的web服务相对还是比较简单的,用到了HTTP的GET、POST、PUT、DELETE特性。其PHP的处理代码和普通处理POST和GET十分相似

// 转换到大写
$request_method = strtoupper($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']);

switch ($request_method) {
case 'GET':
    $action = 'search';
    break;
case 'POST':
    $action = 'add';
    break;
case 'PUT':
    $action = 'update';
    break;
case 'DELETE':
    $action = 'delete';
    break;
default:
    // 无效的动作
    exit();
}
//处理完返回XML格式或Json等格式的结果
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这段代码就是对4种不同的请求进行处理,SQL与REST的对应关系可以看下表

SQL REST
CREATE POST
SELECT GET
UPDATE PUT
DELETE DELETE

对于需要授权的访问在rest中如何实现,书中并没有提及。现在很多开放API都是需要授权后才能使用的,它的实现原理是每次请求时需要携带一个额外的参数,这个参数就是经过加密的验证授权信息的。

以SOAP方式提供数据

使用ext/soap的SOAPServer类实现不带WSDL的WEB服务,你会发现SOAPServer来搭建WEB服务和写PHP的普通类差别并不大(当然也可以用函数),就是在实例化一个SOAPServer时将类名什么的与之关联,下面是一个简单的例子

class pc_SOAP_return_time {
    public function return_time() {
        return date('Ymd\THis');
    }
}

$server = new SOAPServer(null, array('uri'=>'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time'));
$server->setClass('pc_SOAP_return_time');
$server->handle();
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客户端调用服务的代码如下:

$opts = array('location' => 'http://api.example.org/getTime',
              'uri' => 'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time');
$client = new SOAPClient(null, $opts);
$result = $client->__soapCall('return_time', array());
print "The local time is $result.\n";
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用函数来处理的书中也有做介绍,因为我满脑子OO,就省略了。

如果客户端调用一个服务端不存在的方法时,服务器会以一个SOAP故障作为应答,如果希望控制应答的内容,可以通过__call()方法来实现,如下面代码所示:

class pc_SOAP_Process_All_Methods {

    // Handle any undefined methods here
    public function __call($name, $args) {
        // ...
    }
}

$server = new SOAPServer(null, array('uri'=>'urn:pc_SOAP_Process_All_Methods'));
$server->setClass('pc_SOAP_Process_All_Methods');
$server->handle();
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在SOAP方法中接受参数

服务端定义方法是增加参数,然后在客户端调用时SOAPClient->__soapCall('return_time', array(参数数组));是不是很简单,上面的代码各修改1处即可

class pc_SOAP_return_time {
//第一处不同,增加了$tz参数
    public function return_time($tz = '') {
        if ($tz) { $my_tz = date_default_timezone_set($tz); }
        $date = date('Ymd\THis');
        if ($tz) { date_default_timezone_set(ini_get('date.timezone')); }
        return $date;
    }
}

$server = new SOAPServer(null,array('uri'=>'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time'));
$server->setClass('pc_SOAP_return_time');
$server->handle();
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客户端调用
$opts = array('location' => 'http://api.example.org/getTime',
              'uri' => 'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time');
$client = new SOAPClient(null, $opts);
//第二处不同,将tz设置为奥斯陆
$result = $client->__soapCall('return_time', array('tz' => 'Europe/Oslo'));
print "The local time is $result.\n";
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自动生成WSDL文件

前面已经说了,ext/soap扩展不支持WSDL自动生成功能,可以考虑手工生成WSDL文件(相信大家是不会这么做的),还有就是可以通过下面这几种非官方的脚本来实现,需要注意的是这几种方式都没能完全支持SOAP和WSDL规则,如果要很好的使用需要对它们进行仔细研究

WSDL_Gen, by George Schlossnagle

http://www.schlossnagle.org/~george/blog/index.php?/archives/234-WSDLGeneration.html

wsdl-writer, by Katy Coe based on code by David Griffin

http://www.djkaty.com/drupal/php-wsdl

Web service helper, by David Kingma

http://jool.nl/new/

处理SOAP头部信息

当ext/soap发现一个带有SOAP头的客户端请求时,它首先会尝试调用一个具有相同名字的函数。调用完成后,会继续调用在SOAP主体中指定的函数。这样就可以使你基于SOAP头部数据来执行任何预请求的事务。

但是,ext/soap服务器端不会以编程的方式对SOAP头部和主体进行真正的区分。当ext/soap发现一个SOAP头时,它会在处理主体之前尝试调用与该头部元素同名的方法。

如果SOAP客户端指定的头部不存在,ext/soap会跳过该方法直接转到主体中。如果头部中的mustUnderstand 属性标记为true,那么SOAPServer就会放出一个SOAP故障。

$opts = array('location' => 'http://api.example.org/getTime',
              'uri' => 'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time');
$client = new SOAPClient(null, $opts);
$set_timezone = new SOAPVar('Europe/Oslo', XSD_STRING);

//设置SOAP头部
$tz = new SOAPHeader('urn:pc_SOAP_return_time', 'set_timezone', $set_timezone);

$result = $client->__soapCall('return_time', array(), array(), array($tz));
print "The local time is $result.\n";
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生成SOAP头信息

class pc_SOAP_return_time {
    public function return_time() {
        $tz = date_default_timezone_get();

        //生成头部信息
        $header = new SoapHeader('urn:pc_SOAP_return_time', 'get_timezone', $tz);

        $GLOBALS['server']->addSoapHeader($header);
        return date('Ymd\THis');
    }
}
$server = new SOAPServer(null, array('uri'=>'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time'));
$server->setClass('pc_SOAP_return_time');
$server->handle();
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由于在方法的作用域中不能轻易地访问到$server对象,需要通过$GLOBALS数组来访问该对象。响应时会包含下面的SOAP头:

<header>
<get_timezone>America/Los Angeles</get_timezone>
</header>
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用SOAP头实现验证

因为没有办法强制ext/soap请求SOAP头部信息,所以需要在每个需要验证的方法内添加一个判断语句对pc_authenticate_user进行判断,如果客户端没有通过验证则抛出一个SOAP故障

function pc_authenticate_user($username, password) {
    // authenticate user
    $is_valid = true; // Implement your lookup here

    if ($is_valid) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}


class pc_SOAP_return_time {
    private $authenticated;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->authenticated = false;
    }

    public function authenticate_user($args) {
        // Throw SOAP fault for invalid username and password combo
        if (! pc_authenticate_user($args->username,
                                   $args->password)) {

            throw new SOAPFault("Incorrect username and password combination.", 401);
        }

        $this->authenticated = true;
    }

    // Rest of SOAP Server methods here...
    public function soap_method() {
        if ($this->authenticated) {
            // Method body here...
        } else {
            throw new SOAPFault("Must pass authenticate_user Header.", 401);
        }
    }

}

$server = new SOAPServer(null, array('uri'=>'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time'));
$server->setClass('pc_SOAP_return_time');

$server->handle();
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下面是客户端调用的代码
$opts = array('location' => 'http://api.example.org/getTime',
              'uri' => 'urn:pc_SOAP_return_time');
$client = new SOAPClient(null, $opts);
class SOAPAuth {
    public $username;
    public $password;
    public function __construct($username, $password) {
        $this->username = $username;
        $this->password = $password;
    }
}

$auth = new SOAPAuth('elvis', 'the-king');
$header = new SOAPHeader('urn:example.org/auth', 'authenticate_user', $auth);
$result = $client->__soapCall('return_time', array(), array(), array($header));
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