PHP执行linux系统命令
本文是第一篇,讲述如何在PHP中执行系统命令从而实现一些特殊的目的,比如监控服务器负载,重启MySQL、更新SVN、重启Apache等。第二篇《PHP监控linux服务器负载》:http://www.ccvita.com/390.html 首先先要给大家介绍PHP执行linux系统命令的几个基本函数。
本文是第一篇,讲述如何在PHP中执行系统命令从而实现一些特殊的目的,比如监控服务器负载,重启MySQL、更新SVN、重启Apache等。第二篇《PHP监控linux服务器负载》:http://www.ccvita.com/390.html
首先先要给大家介绍PHP执行linux系统命令的几个基本函数。我曾经很长一段时间都分不清下面几个函数的具体用法区别。
system函数
说明:执行外部程序并显示输出资料。
语法:string system(string command, int [return_var]);
返回值: 字符串
详细介绍:
本函数就像是 C 语中的函数 system(),用来执行指令,并输出结果。若是 return_var 参数存在,则执行 command 之后的状态会填入 return_var 中。同样值得注意的是若需要处理用户输入的资料,而又要防止用户耍花招破解系统,则可以使用 EscapeShellCmd()。若 PHP 以模块式的执行,本函数会在每一行输出后自动更新 Web 服务器的输出缓冲暂存区。若需要完整的返回字符串,且不想经过不必要的其它中间的输出界面,可以使用 PassThru()。
实例代码:
$last_line = system('ls', $retval); |
echo 'Last line of the output: ' . $last_line; |
echo ' />Return value: ' . $retval; |
?> |
exec函数
说明:执行外部程序。
语法:string exec(string command, string [array], int [return_var]);
返回值: 字符串
详细介绍:
本函数执行输入 command 的外部程序或外部指令。它的返回字符串只是外部程序执行后返回的最后一行;若需要完整的返回字符串,可以使用 PassThru() 这个函数。
要是参数 array 存在,command 会将 array 加到参数中执行,若不欲 array 被处理,可以在执行 exec() 之前呼叫 unset()。若是 return_var 跟 array 二个参数都存在,则执行 command 之后的状态会填入 return_var 中。
值得注意的是若需要处理使用者输入的资料,而又要防止使用者耍花招破解系统,则可以使用 EscapeShellCmd()。
实例代码:
echo exec('whoami'); |
?> |
popen函数
说明:打开文件。
语法:int popen(string command, string mode);
返回值: 整数
详细介绍:
本函数执行指令开档,而该文件是用管道方式处理的文件。用本函数打开的文件只能是单向的 (只能读或只能写),而且一定要用 pclose() 关闭。在文件操作上可使用 fgets()、fgetss() 与 fputs()。若是开档发生错误,返回 false 值。
实例代码:
$fp = popen( "/bin/ls", "r" ); |
?> |

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