PHP 杂谈《重构
动机： 间接访问变量：支持更灵活的数据获取方式，如lazy Initialization（意思是只有用到值时，才对它进行初始化。） 直接访问变量：代码比较容易阅读，不需要停下来说：啊，这只是个取值函数。 选择：1、代码规范，按照团队中大多数人的做法去做。 2、个人
动机：
“间接访问变量”：支持更灵活的数据获取方式，如lazy Initialization（意思是只有用到值时，才对它进行初始化。）
“直接访问变量”：代码比较容易阅读，不需要停下来说：“啊，这只是个取值函数”。
选择：1、代码规范，按照团队中大多数人的做法去做。
2、个人比较喜欢“直接访问变量”，直到这种方式带来麻烦为止。
martin(作者)的例子：你想获取superclass中的field，却又想在subclass中将该field改为计算后的值，这就最该使用Self Encapsulate Field。
我自己的例子：我一般会把field设置成private，如果外部变量，需要用到此field的时候，我就会用Self Encapsulate Field。或者field的值有变化的时候，用Self Encapsulate Field。
Replace Data Value with Object
状况：如果你的某个基本类型的field，需要额外的数据和行为，那么将此field变成对象。
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