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如何将数组在PHP的内核中实现出来

Jun 06, 2016 pm 07:53 PM
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PHP中经常使用数组,PHP的数组强大,而且速度也快,读写都可以在O(1)内完成,因为它每个元素的大小都是一致的,只要知道下标,便可以瞬间计算出其对应的元素在内存中的位置,从而直接取出或者写入。那么内核中数组是如何实现的呢

PHP大部分功能,都是通过HashTable来实现,其中就包括数组。

HashTable即具有双向链表的优点,同时具有能与数据匹敌的操作性能。

PHP中的定义的变量保存在一个符号表里,而这个符号表其实就是一个HashTable,它的每一个元素都是一个zval*类型的变量。不仅如此,保存用户定义的函数、类、资源等的容器都是以HashTable的形式在内核中实现的。

下面分别来看在PHP、内核中如何定义数组

数组定义的实现

PHP中定义数组:

<?php
	$array = array();
	$array["key"] = "values";
?>
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在内核中使用宏来实现: 

zval* array;
array_init(array);
add_assoc_string(array, "key", "value", 1);
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将上述代码中的宏展开:

zval* array;
ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(array);
Z_TYPE_P(array) = IS_ARRAY;

HashTable *h;
ALLOC_HASHTABLE(h);
Z_ARRVAL_P(array)=h;
zend_hash_init(h, 50, NULL,ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0);

zval* barZval;
MAKE_STD_ZVAL(barZval);
ZVAL_STRING(barZval, "value", 0);
zend_hash_add(h, "key", 4, &barZval, sizeof(zval*), NULL);
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便捷的数组宏操作

内核为我们提供了方便的宏来管理数组。

//add_assoc_*系列函数:
add_assoc_null(zval *aval, char *key);
add_assoc_bool(zval *aval, char *key, zend_bool bval);
add_assoc_long(zval *aval, char *key, long lval);
add_assoc_double(zval *aval, char *key, double dval);
add_assoc_string(zval *aval, char *key, char *strval, int dup);
add_assoc_stringl(zval *aval, char *key,char *strval, uint strlen, int dup);
add_assoc_zval(zval *aval, char *key, zval *value);

//备注:其实这些函数都是宏,都是对add_assoc_*_ex函数的封装。

//add_index_*系列函数:
ZEND_API int add_index_long		(zval *arg, ulong idx, long n);
ZEND_API int add_index_null		(zval *arg, ulong idx			);
ZEND_API int add_index_bool		(zval *arg, ulong idx, int b	);
ZEND_API int add_index_resource	(zval *arg, ulong idx, int r	);
ZEND_API int add_index_double	(zval *arg, ulong idx, double d);
ZEND_API int add_index_string	(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_index_stringl	(zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_index_zval		(zval *arg, ulong index, zval *value);

//add_next_index_*函数:
ZEND_API int add_next_index_long		(zval *arg, long n	);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_null		(zval *arg			);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_bool		(zval *arg, int b	);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_resource	(zval *arg, int r	);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_double		(zval *arg, double d);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_string		(zval *arg, const char *str, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_stringl		(zval *arg, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate);
ZEND_API int add_next_index_zval		(zval *arg, zval *value);
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下面可以对比一下数组常见操作所对应的宏。

add_next_index_*()

PHP中				内核中
$arr[] = NULL;		add_next_index_null(arr);
$arr[] = 42;		add_next_index_long(arr, 42);
$arr[] = true;		add_next_index_bool(arr, 1);
$arr[] = 3.14;		add_next_index_double(arr, 3.14);
$arr[] = 'foo';		add_next_index_string(arr, "foo");
$arr[] = $var;		add_next_index_zval(arr, zval);
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add_index_*()

PHP中				内核中
$arr[0] = NULL;		add_index_null(arr, 0);
$arr[1] = 42;		add_index_long(arr, 1, 42);
$arr[2] = true;		add_index_bool(arr, 2, 1);
$arr[3] = 3.14;		add_index_double(arr, 3, 3.14);
$arr[4] = 'foo';	add_index_string(arr, 4, "foo", 1);
$arr[5] = $var;		add_index_zval(arr, 5, zval);
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add_assoc_*()

PHP中					内核中
$arr["abc"] = NULL;		add_assoc_null(arr, "abc");
$arr["def"] = 42;		add_assoc_long(arr, "def", 42);
$arr["ghi"] = true;		add_assoc_bool(arr, "ghi", 1);
$arr["jkl"]  = 3.14		add_assoc_double(arr, "jkl", 3.14);
$arr["mno"]="foo"		add_assoc_string(arr, "mno", "foo", 1");
$arr["pqr"] = $var;		add_assoc_zval(arr, "pqr", zval);
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 一个完整的实例

下面在PHP中定义一个函数,并在其中使用数组。然后来看在内核中如何实现。

<?php
function array_test(){
	$mystr = "Forty Five";
	$return_value = array();
	$return_value[42] = 123;
	$return_value[] = "test";
	
	$return_value[] = $mystr;
	$return_value["double"] = 3.14;
	
	$mysubarray;
	$mysubarray = array();
	$mysubarray[] = "nowamagic";
	
	$return_value["subarray"] = $mysubarray;

	return $return_value;
}
?>
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内核中实现:

PHP_FUNCTION(array_test){
	char* mystr;
	zval* mysubarray;

	array_init(return_value);

	add_index_long(return_value, 42, 123);

	add_next_index_string(return_value, "test", 1);

	add_next_index_stringl(return_value, "test_stringl", 10, 1);

	mystr = estrdup("Forty Five");

	add_next_index_string(return_value, mystr, 0);

	add_assoc_double(return_value, "double", 3.14);

	ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(mysubarray);
	array_init(mysubarray);
	add_next_index_string(mysubarray, "hello", 1);
	add_assoc_zval(return_value, "subarray", mysubarray);
}
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你可能会疑问上面代码中的变量return_value在哪里定义的。下面将PHP_FUNCTION展开,你就明白了。

zif_array_test(int ht, zval *return_value, zval **return_value_ptr, zval *this_ptr, int return_value_used TSRMLS_DC);
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没错,实际上每个函数都有一个默认的返回值return_value。在使用RETVAL_*()、RETURN_*()作为函数返回值时,仅仅是修改return_value。

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