如何将数组在PHP的内核中实现出来
PHP中经常使用数组,PHP的数组强大,而且速度也快,读写都可以在O(1)内完成,因为它每个元素的大小都是一致的,只要知道下标,便可以瞬间计算出其对应的元素在内存中的位置,从而直接取出或者写入。那么内核中数组是如何实现的呢
PHP大部分功能,都是通过HashTable来实现,其中就包括数组。
HashTable即具有双向链表的优点,同时具有能与数据匹敌的操作性能。
PHP中的定义的变量保存在一个符号表里,而这个符号表其实就是一个HashTable,它的每一个元素都是一个zval*类型的变量。不仅如此,保存用户定义的函数、类、资源等的容器都是以HashTable的形式在内核中实现的。
下面分别来看在PHP、内核中如何定义数组。
数组定义的实现
PHP中定义数组:
<?php $array = array(); $array["key"] = "values"; ?>
在内核中使用宏来实现:
zval* array; array_init(array); add_assoc_string(array, "key", "value", 1);
将上述代码中的宏展开:
zval* array; ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(array); Z_TYPE_P(array) = IS_ARRAY; HashTable *h; ALLOC_HASHTABLE(h); Z_ARRVAL_P(array)=h; zend_hash_init(h, 50, NULL,ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0); zval* barZval; MAKE_STD_ZVAL(barZval); ZVAL_STRING(barZval, "value", 0); zend_hash_add(h, "key", 4, &barZval, sizeof(zval*), NULL);
便捷的数组宏操作
内核为我们提供了方便的宏来管理数组。
//add_assoc_*系列函数: add_assoc_null(zval *aval, char *key); add_assoc_bool(zval *aval, char *key, zend_bool bval); add_assoc_long(zval *aval, char *key, long lval); add_assoc_double(zval *aval, char *key, double dval); add_assoc_string(zval *aval, char *key, char *strval, int dup); add_assoc_stringl(zval *aval, char *key,char *strval, uint strlen, int dup); add_assoc_zval(zval *aval, char *key, zval *value); //备注:其实这些函数都是宏,都是对add_assoc_*_ex函数的封装。 //add_index_*系列函数: ZEND_API int add_index_long (zval *arg, ulong idx, long n); ZEND_API int add_index_null (zval *arg, ulong idx ); ZEND_API int add_index_bool (zval *arg, ulong idx, int b ); ZEND_API int add_index_resource (zval *arg, ulong idx, int r ); ZEND_API int add_index_double (zval *arg, ulong idx, double d); ZEND_API int add_index_string (zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, int duplicate); ZEND_API int add_index_stringl (zval *arg, ulong idx, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate); ZEND_API int add_index_zval (zval *arg, ulong index, zval *value); //add_next_index_*函数: ZEND_API int add_next_index_long (zval *arg, long n ); ZEND_API int add_next_index_null (zval *arg ); ZEND_API int add_next_index_bool (zval *arg, int b ); ZEND_API int add_next_index_resource (zval *arg, int r ); ZEND_API int add_next_index_double (zval *arg, double d); ZEND_API int add_next_index_string (zval *arg, const char *str, int duplicate); ZEND_API int add_next_index_stringl (zval *arg, const char *str, uint length, int duplicate); ZEND_API int add_next_index_zval (zval *arg, zval *value);
下面可以对比一下数组常见操作所对应的宏。
add_next_index_*()
PHP中 内核中 $arr[] = NULL; add_next_index_null(arr); $arr[] = 42; add_next_index_long(arr, 42); $arr[] = true; add_next_index_bool(arr, 1); $arr[] = 3.14; add_next_index_double(arr, 3.14); $arr[] = 'foo'; add_next_index_string(arr, "foo"); $arr[] = $var; add_next_index_zval(arr, zval);
add_index_*()
PHP中 内核中 $arr[0] = NULL; add_index_null(arr, 0); $arr[1] = 42; add_index_long(arr, 1, 42); $arr[2] = true; add_index_bool(arr, 2, 1); $arr[3] = 3.14; add_index_double(arr, 3, 3.14); $arr[4] = 'foo'; add_index_string(arr, 4, "foo", 1); $arr[5] = $var; add_index_zval(arr, 5, zval);
add_assoc_*()
PHP中 内核中 $arr["abc"] = NULL; add_assoc_null(arr, "abc"); $arr["def"] = 42; add_assoc_long(arr, "def", 42); $arr["ghi"] = true; add_assoc_bool(arr, "ghi", 1); $arr["jkl"] = 3.14 add_assoc_double(arr, "jkl", 3.14); $arr["mno"]="foo" add_assoc_string(arr, "mno", "foo", 1"); $arr["pqr"] = $var; add_assoc_zval(arr, "pqr", zval);
一个完整的实例
下面在PHP中定义一个函数,并在其中使用数组。然后来看在内核中如何实现。
<?php function array_test(){ $mystr = "Forty Five"; $return_value = array(); $return_value[42] = 123; $return_value[] = "test"; $return_value[] = $mystr; $return_value["double"] = 3.14; $mysubarray; $mysubarray = array(); $mysubarray[] = "nowamagic"; $return_value["subarray"] = $mysubarray; return $return_value; } ?>
内核中实现:
PHP_FUNCTION(array_test){ char* mystr; zval* mysubarray; array_init(return_value); add_index_long(return_value, 42, 123); add_next_index_string(return_value, "test", 1); add_next_index_stringl(return_value, "test_stringl", 10, 1); mystr = estrdup("Forty Five"); add_next_index_string(return_value, mystr, 0); add_assoc_double(return_value, "double", 3.14); ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(mysubarray); array_init(mysubarray); add_next_index_string(mysubarray, "hello", 1); add_assoc_zval(return_value, "subarray", mysubarray); }
你可能会疑问上面代码中的变量return_value在哪里定义的。下面将PHP_FUNCTION展开,你就明白了。
zif_array_test(int ht, zval *return_value, zval **return_value_ptr, zval *this_ptr, int return_value_used TSRMLS_DC);
没错,实际上每个函数都有一个默认的返回值return_value。在使用RETVAL_*()、RETURN_*()作为函数返回值时,仅仅是修改return_value。
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