6个常见的php安全攻击
http://blog.csdn.net/czhphp/article/details/9673607 1、SQL注入 SQL注入是一种恶意攻击,用户利用在表单字段输入SQL语句的方式来影响正常的SQL执行。还有一种是通过system()或exec()命令注入的,它具有相同的SQL注入机制,但只针对shell命令。 [php] view
http://blog.csdn.net/czhphp/article/details/9673607
1、SQL注入
SQL注入是一种恶意攻击,用户利用在表单字段输入SQL语句的方式来影响正常的SQL执行。还有一种是通过system()或exec()命令注入的,它具有相同的SQL注入机制,但只针对shell命令。
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- $username = $_POST['username'];
- $query = "select * from auth where username = '".$username."'";
- echo $query;
- $db = new mysqli('localhost', 'demo', ‘demo', ‘demodemo');
- $result = $db->query($query);
- if ($result && $result->num_rows) {
-
echo "
Logged in successfully"; - } else {
-
echo "
Login failed"; - }
上面的代码,在第一行没有过滤或转义用户输入的值($_POST['username'])。因此查询可能会失败,甚至会损坏数据库,这要看$username是否包含变换你的SQL语句到别的东西上。
防止SQL注入
选项:
- 使用mysql_real_escape_string()过滤数据 或 htmlspecialchars
- 手动检查每一数据是否为正确的数据类型
- 使用预处理语句并绑定变量
使用准备好的预处理语句
- 分离数据和SQL逻辑
- 预处理语句将自动过滤(如:转义)
- 把它作为一个编码规范,可以帮助团队里的新人避免遇到以上问题
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- $query = 'select name, district from city where countrycode=?';
- if ($stmt = $db->prepare($query) )
- {
- $countrycode = 'hk';
- $stmt->bind_param("s", $countrycode);
- $stmt->execute();
- $stmt->bind_result($name, $district);
- while ( $stmt ($stmt->fetch() ){
- echo $name.', '.$district;
-
echo '
'; - }
- $stmt->close();
- }
2、XSS攻击
XSS(跨站点脚本攻击)是一种攻击,由用户输入一些数据到你的网站,其中包括客户端脚本(通常JavaScript)。如果你没有过滤就输出数据到另一个web页面,这个脚本将被执行。
接收用户提交的文本内容
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- if (file_exists('comments')) {
- $comments = get_saved_contents_from_file('comments');
- } else {
- $comments = '';
- }
- if (isset($_POST['comment'])) {
-
$comments .= '
' . $_POST['comment']; - save_contents_to_file('comments', $comments);
- }
- >
输出内容给(另一个)用户
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-
Enter your comments here:
-
>
- 'submit' value='Post comment' />
-
- echo $comments; ?>
将会发生什么事?
- 烦人的弹窗
- 刷新或重定向
- 损坏网页或表单
- 窃取cookie
- AJAX(XMLHttpRequest)
防止XSS攻击
为了防止XSS攻击,使用PHP的htmlentities()函数过滤再输出到浏览器。htmlentities()的基本用法很简单,但也有许多高级的控制,请参阅 XSS速查表。
3、会话固定
会话安全,假设一个PHPSESSID很难猜测。然而,PHP可以接受一个会话ID通过一个Cookie或者URL。因此,欺骗一个受害者可以使用一个特定的(或其他的)会话ID 或者钓鱼攻击。

4、会议捕获和劫持
这是与会话固定有着同样的想法,然而,它涉及窃取会话ID。如果会话ID存储在Cookie中,攻击者可以通过XSS和JavaScript窃取。如果会话ID包含在URL上,也可以通过嗅探或者从代理服务器那获得。
防止会话捕获和劫持
- 更新ID
- 如果使用会话,请确保用户使用SSL
5、跨站点请求伪造(CSRF)
CSRF攻击,是指一个页面发出的请求,看起来就像是网站的信任用户,但不是故意的。它有许多的变体,比如下面的例子:
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- img src='http://example.com/single_click_to_buy.php?user_id=123&item=12345'>
防止跨站点请求伪造
一般来说,确保用户来自你的表单,并且匹配每一个你发送出去的表单。有两点一定要记住:
- 对用户会话采用适当的安全措施,例如:给每一个会话更新id和用户使用SSL。
- 生成另一个一次性的令牌并将其嵌入表单,保存在会话中(一个会话变量),在提交时检查它。
6、代码注入
代码注入是利用计算机漏洞通过处理无效数据造成的。问题出在,当你不小心执行任意代码,通常通过文件包含。写得很糟糕的代码可以允许一个远程文件包含并执行。如许多PHP函数,如require可以包含URL或文件名,例如:
[php] view plaincopy
- if($theme) {
- require($theme.'.txt');
- }
- ?>
在上面的例子中,通过传递用户输入的一个文件名或文件名的一部分,来包含以"http://"开头的文件。
防止代码注入
- 过滤用户输入
- 在php.ini中设置禁用allow_url_fopen和allow_url_include。这将禁用require/include/fopen的远程文件。
其他的一般原则
1. 不要依赖服务器配置来保护你的应用,特别是当你的web服务器/ PHP是由你的ISP管理,或者当你的网站可能迁移/部署到别处,未来再从别处迁移/部署在到其他地方。请在网站代码中嵌入带有安全意识的检查/逻辑(HTML、JavaScript、PHP,等等)。
2. 设计服务器端的安全脚本:
—例如,使用单行执行 - 单点身份验证和数据清理
—例如,在所有的安全敏感页面嵌入一个PHP函数/文件,用来处理所有登录/安全性逻辑检查
3. 确保你的代码更新,并打上最新补丁。

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