《论语》“不患人之不己知,患不知人也”
《论语学而》子曰:不患人之不己知,患不知人也。 人于天地之中,显得渺小;但人与世间万物相比,又是格外伟大。人的可贵伟大之处在于理性智慧,理性在于能够三思而后行;智慧在于能够审时度势。从而虽然命由天定,但智者却能够事在人为。孔子之语由心而发、
《论语·学而》子曰:“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。”
人于天地之中,显得渺小;但人与世间万物相比,又是格外伟大。人的可贵伟大之处在于理性智慧,理性在于能够“三思而后行”;智慧在于能够审时度势。从而虽然命由天定,但智者却能够事在人为。孔子之语由心而发、由情而生,为感悟天地人三者之关系,为体会人与人心灵之沟通。人无法孤立而生活,即使是老子所言“民至老死,不相往来”之社会,也得“鸡犬相闻”之交流。唯有交往才能发展,而交往则需要人与人的交际,而交际则需要知人。立身于世,数不清的人情往来;生活于社会,割不断的人际交往。而与人交,心中自有一番思量,白天与人嬉笑怒骂,夜间回房心里仔细回想。人生本就是人与人错综交错的来往之过程,但由于人又需要追求生存发展等需要,人与人可能有共同利益,但也有着更多的利益冲突。“天下熙熙皆为利来,天下攘攘皆为利往。”利益的纷争导致人与人之间开始虚伪,都在掩饰着自己的想法,而揣摩着对方的心思。“患不知人也”是为了自己能够做到“知己知彼,百战不殆”。人们总是在可以追求“知人知心”,于是“患不知人”担心人事冷落。
老子也有云:“知人者智,自知者明。”世事难了,人心难测。可更多的又有几人能够真正的了解自己,人总是渐渐迷茫于世事功名利禄,迷乱于物质金钱。竟许多时候忘记了自己到底追寻什么,为了自己能够赢得最大利益,想尽一切办法揣摩别人意思。知人者智”知人乃人于社会之尖锐武器,用于官场能够揣摩上意,从而投其所好,爱其所欢;用于商场能够观察经济风向,从而游戏商海,淘金满归;用于情场能够把握芳心,从而香玉满怀,金屋藏娇。因此从古到今,相人之术乃流行于世,至今未衰,曾国藩之《冰鉴》甚得欢迎。不过老子之语“自知者明”却更为重要,聪明之人能够察言观色容易,但做到知道自己是什么,需要什么,能做什么却十分困难,由于受到自己的主观感情和外在的环境之局限,人总是无法看清自己。很多时候自认为了解自己,但却最终后悔不已,世上后悔之人十有八九,甚至可以说人人皆后悔,后悔的缘故就在于没有审视自己、了解自己。
古希腊德尔斐神庙上的铭言就是:“人啊,认识你自己。” 古希腊大哲学家苏格拉底也认为哲学的对象就是认识自己的心灵,“自知自己无知”。看来己知真是实在难做。迷茫的城市生活着迷茫的人们,许多时候人们无法知道自己究竟需要什么,内心的空虚总是纠缠着自己那精神.灯红酒绿的背后是那无助的双眼,纸醉金迷的生活隐藏着心灵的孤寂.有多少人能确切知道自己的家真正在何方?西方著名思想家培根对人的解析也十分经典至极,但最终还是逃不了为自己聪明所累的结局。看来知人是一种聪明,但聪明容易反被聪明所误;而己知才是一种大智慧。人们总是“患不知人”因为怕了自己不够聪明。而少有人能够“患己知”。人们业已忘却了自己的价值才是重要,只顾着利用“知人”之心争名夺利。
真正人生之只有寓于智慧,才能忘却自我,才能达到“应万物不为物所累”之境界。只有充分清楚自己的价值,从而才能追求理想。孔子所言“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。”乃是面对人欲贪婪,忘却自我而长叹一番,感慨世人只“患不知人”而忘记“患己知”的境况。老子所语“知人者智,自知者明。” 乃对世人揣摩人意尔虞我诈之状况开出良方,阐明“自知”才是智慧。人于世事,并不在于奸巧狡诈,而在于用心用情。孔子言仁,孟子取义,老子为道,荀子重礼,皆为自心而外。他们讲究的是“己知”之道,忧的是“人不己

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