软件MD5
MD5的全称是Message-Digest Algorithm 5,在90年代初由MIT的计算机科学实验室和RSA Data Security Inc发明,经MD2、MD3和MD4发展而来。 Message-Digest泛指字节串(Message)的Hash变换,就是把一个任意长度的字节串变换成一定长的大整数。请注意我使用了字节
MD5的全称是Message-Digest Algorithm 5,在90年代初由MIT的计算机科学实验室和RSA Data Security Inc发明,经MD2、MD3和MD4发展而来。
Message-Digest泛指字节串(Message)的Hash变换,就是把一个任意长度的字节串变换成一定长的大整数。请注意我使用了“字节串”而不是“字符串”这个词,是因为这种变换只与字节的值有关,与字符集或编码方式无关。
MD5将任意长度的“字节串”变换成一个128bit的大整数,并且它是一个不可逆的字符串变换算法,换句话说就是,即使你看到源程序和算法描述,也无法将一个MD5的值变换回原始的字符串,从数学原理上说,是因为原始的字符串有无穷多个,这有点象不存在反函数的数学函数。
MD5的典型应用是对一段Message(字节串)产生fingerprint(指纹),以防止被“篡改”。举个例子,你将一段话写在一个叫 readme.txt文件中,并对这个readme.txt产生一个MD5的值并记录在案,然后你可以传播这个文件给别人,别人如果修改了文件中的任何内容,你对这个文件重新计算MD5时就会发现(两个MD5值不相同)。如果再有一个第三方的认证机构,用MD5还可以防止文件作者的“抵赖”,这就是所谓的数字签名应用。 MD5还广泛用于加密和解密技术上,在很多操作系统中,用户的密码是以MD5值(或类似的其它算法)的方式保存的, 用户Login的时候,系统是把用户输入的密码计算成MD5值,然后再去和系统中保存的MD5值进行比较,而系统并不“知道”用户的密码是什么

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