利用Xdebug分析PHP程序,找出性能瓶颈
经济学中有一条著名的80-20定律,引用到编程中,就是:80%的性能瓶颈是由20%的代码引起的。借助PHP的XDebug扩展,可以有效地找出这20%的代码。 一、安装配置 1、下载PHP的XDebug扩展,网址:http://xdebug.org/ 2、在Linux下编译安装XDebug 引用 tar -xzf xd
经济学中有一条著名的80-20定律,引用到编程中,就是:80%的性能瓶颈是由20%的代码引起的。借助PHP的XDebug扩展,可以有效地找出这20%的代码。
一、安装配置
1、下载PHP的XDebug扩展,网址:http://xdebug.org/
2、在Linux下编译安装XDebug
引用
tar -xzf xdebug-2.0.0RC3.gz
cd xdebug-2.0.0RC3
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-xdebug
cp modules/xdebug.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20020429/
注:/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20020429/不同的PHP版本路径不同,也不一定要放在该路径,可以在zend_extension_ts中自行指定xdebug.so所在位置。
引用
vi /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
修改php.ini,去除PHP加速模块,增加以下配置信息支持XDebug扩展
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[Xdebug]
zend_extension_ts="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20020429/xdebug.so"
xdebug.profiler_enable=on
xdebug.trace_output_dir="/tmp/xdebug"
xdebug.profiler_output_dir="/tmp/xdebug"
xdebug.profiler_output_name="script"
[Xdebug]
zend_extension_ts="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20020429/xdebug.so"
xdebug.profiler_enable=on
xdebug.trace_output_dir="/tmp/xdebug"
xdebug.profiler_output_dir="/tmp/xdebug"
xdebug.profiler_output_name="script"
引用
mkdir -p /tmp/xdebug
chmod 755 /tmp/xdebug
chown www:www /tmp/xdebug
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart
3、客户端(Windows):WinCacheGrind
下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wincachegrind/
二、分析过程
1、访问你的网站,将首页上各种链接点击几遍,XDebug在/tmp/xdebug目录生成以下文件:
usr_local_apache_htdocs_app_checknum_chknum_php_cachegrind.out
usr_local_apache_htdocs_app_login_showHeaderLogin_php_cachegrind.out
usr_local_apache_htdocs_app_play_play_php_cachegrind.out
usr_local_apache_htdocs_app_user_member_php_cachegrind.out
usr_local_apache_htdocs_tag_tags_php_cachegrind.out
usr_local_apache_htdocs_top_top_php_cachegrind.out
2、将以上文件拷贝到Windows上,用客户端软件WinCacheGrind打开每个文件,发现以下PHP程序执行所耗费的时间最长:
/usr/local/apache/htdocs/tag/tags.php 耗时840ms
三、分析结果:
1、/usr/local/apache/htdocs/tag/tags.php
(1)耗时最长的filter_tags函数出现在/usr/local/apache/htdocs/tag/tags.php的第158行:
$tags .= filter_tags($videos[$i]['tags'])." ";
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{
$tagsPath=TEMPLATE_FILE_PATH."tags/forbidden_tags.txt";
if(file_exists($tagsPath))
{
$fp = fopen($tagsPath, "r");
$arrconf = array ();
if ($fp)
{
while (!feof($fp))
{
$line = fgets($fp, 1024);
$line = trim($line);
$rows = explode("#", $line);
$coumns = explode("=", trim($rows[0]));
if(""!=trim($coumns[0]))
{
$arrconf[trim($coumns[0])] = trim($coumns[1]);
}
}
}
return $arrconf;
}
}
{
$tagsPath=TEMPLATE_FILE_PATH."tags/forbidden_tags.txt";
if(file_exists($tagsPath))
{
$fp = fopen($tagsPath, "r");
$arrconf = array ();
if ($fp)
{
while (!feof($fp))
{
$line = fgets($fp, 1024);
$line = trim($line);
$rows = explode("#", $line);
$coumns = explode("=", trim($rows[0]));
if(""!=trim($coumns[0]))
{
$arrconf[trim($coumns[0])] = trim($coumns[1]);
}
}
}
return $arrconf;
}
}
(5)可能造成瓶颈的原因:
要过滤的156个关键字逐行存放在/usr/local/apache/template/tags/forbidden_tags.txt文件中,文本数据库的效率不高。
逐行读取函数fgets、以及去除字符串两边的空白或者指定的字符的函数trim在高负载下的效率低,可以测试fopen、fread、fscanf之类的文件读取函数,对比一下。

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