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PHP 面向对象 final类与final方法

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:07 PM

如果我们不希望一个类被继承,我们使用final来修饰这个类。这个类将无法被继承。

final---用于类、方法前。
final类---不可被继承。
final方法---不可被覆盖。 

final类不能被继承。
如果我们不希望一个类被继承,我们使用final来修饰这个类。这个类将无法被继承。比如我们设定的Math类,涉及了我们要做的数学计算方法,这些算法也没有必要修改,也没有必要被继承,我们把它设置成final类型。

 代码如下:

<? 
//声明一个final类Math 
final class Math{ 
public static $pi = 3.14; 

public function __toString(){ 
return "这是Math类。"; 
} 
} 
$math = new Math(); 
echo $math; 

//声明类SuperMath 继承自 Math类 
class SuperMath extends Math { 
} 
//执行会出错,final类不能被继承。 

?>
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程序运行结果

代码如下:

Fatal error: Class SuperMath may not inherit from final class (Math) in E:\PHPProjects\test.php on line 14
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final方法不能被重写
如果不希望类中的某个方法被子类重写,我们可以设置这个方法为final方法,只需要在这个方法前加上final修饰符。

如果这个方法被子类重写,将会出现错误。

代码如下:

<? 
//声明一个final类Math 
class Math{ 
public static $pi = 3.14; 
public function __toString(){ 
return "这是Math类。"; 
} 
public final function max($a,$b){ 
return $a > $b ? $a : $b ; 
} 
} 
//声明类SuperMath 继承自 Math类 
class SuperMath extends Math { 
public final function max($a,$b){} 
} 
//执行会出错,final方法不能被重写。 

?>
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程序运行结果

代码如下:

Fatal error: Class SuperMath may not inherit from final class (Math) in E:\PHPProjects\test.php on line 16
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