Table of Contents
问题
分析
解决方法
参考
Home php教程 php手册 PHP foreach 中使用引用的注意事项

PHP foreach 中使用引用的注意事项

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:08 PM
foreach php one use Precautions use question

问题 先看一个例子: ?php$ar = array1, 2, 3;var_dump$ar;foreach $ar as $v foreach $ar as $v var_dump$ar;? 输出为: array3 0= int1 1= int2 2= int3array3 0= int1 1= int2 2= int2 ???为什么没有进行赋值操作,数组最后一个元素的值却发生了改变呢

问题

先看一个例子:

<?php $ar = array&#40;1, 2, 3&#41;;
var_dump&#40;$ar&#41;;
foreach &#40;$ar as &$v&#41; &#123;&#125;
foreach &#40;$ar as $v&#41; &#123;&#125;
var_dump&#40;$ar&#41;;
?>
Copy after login

输出为:

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  int(1)
  [1]=>
  int(2)
  [2]=>
  int(3)
}
array(3) {
  [0]=>
  int(1)
  [1]=>
  int(2)
  [2]=>
  &int(2)
}
Copy after login

???为什么没有进行赋值操作,数组最后一个元素的值却发生了改变呢?

我早就发现了这个问题,一开始以为是 PHP 的 bug,就扔着没管它, foreach 中不使用引用就没事, 用 foreach $k => $v 然后 $ar[$k] 来改变原始数组, 略微损失点效率。

分析

今天花了点时间,看了 参考 中的文章, 算是稍微明白一点了,原来是这个样子的:

在执行第一个使用引用的 foreach 时, 一开始, $v 指向 $ar[0] 的存储空间,空间内存储着 1 , foreach 结束时, $v 指向 $ar[2] 的存储空间,空间内存储着 3 。 下面要开始执行第二个 foreach 了,注意和第一个 foreach 不同, 第二个 foreach 没有使用引用,那么就是赋值方式, 即将 $ar 的值依次 赋值$v 。 进行到第一个元素时,要将 $ar[0] 赋值给 $v 。 问题就在这里,由于刚刚执行完第一个 foreach, $v 不是一个新变量,而是已经存在的、指向 $ar[2] 的那个 引用 , 如此一来,对 $v 进行赋值的时候,就将 $ar[0] = 1 写入了 $ar[2] 的实际存储空间, 相当于对 $ar[2] 进行赋值。 依此类推,第二个 foreach 执行的结果, 就是数组的最后一个元素变成了倒数第二个元素的值。 参考文章 2 中有详细的示意图。

如果说这是一个错误,那么错误的原因就在于对引用变量的使用。 当引用变量指向和其他变量时,改变引用变量的值当然会影响到他指向的其他变量。 单独说谁都明白,但在这个 foreach 例子中,凑巧了, 同一个变量两次被使用,前一次是引用的身份,后一次是普通变量身份, 就产生了意料之外的效果。 PHP 的开发者也认为,这种情况属于语言特性造成的,不是 bug。 的确,如果要修复这个问题,一种方法是对 foreach 进行特殊处理之外, 另外一种就是限制 foreach 中 $v 的作用域, 这两种方式都与目前 PHP 的语言特性不符,开发人员不愿改, 但还是在 官方文档 中用 Warning 进行了说明。

解决方法

简单,但谈不上完美,就是在使用了引用的 foreach 之后, unset 掉 $v , 开始的例子改为:

<?php $ar = array&#40;1, 2, 3&#41;;
var_dump&#40;$ar&#41;;
foreach &#40;$ar as &$v&#41; &#123;&#125;
unset&#40;$v&#41;;
foreach &#40;$ar as $v&#41; &#123;&#125;
var_dump&#40;$ar&#41;;
?>
Copy after login

运行结果:

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  int(1)
  [1]=>
  int(2)
  [2]=>
  int(3)
}
array(3) {
  [0]=>
  int(1)
  [1]=>
  int(2)
  [2]=>
  int(3)
}
Copy after login

参考

  • Bug #29992 foreach by reference corrupts the array
  • References and foreach

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

CakePHP Date and Time CakePHP Date and Time Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:27 PM

To work with date and time in cakephp4, we are going to make use of the available FrozenTime class.

CakePHP File upload CakePHP File upload Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:27 PM

To work on file upload we are going to use the form helper. Here, is an example for file upload.

Discuss CakePHP Discuss CakePHP Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:28 PM

CakePHP is an open-source framework for PHP. It is intended to make developing, deploying and maintaining applications much easier. CakePHP is based on a MVC-like architecture that is both powerful and easy to grasp. Models, Views, and Controllers gu

CakePHP Creating Validators CakePHP Creating Validators Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:26 PM

Validator can be created by adding the following two lines in the controller.

CakePHP Logging CakePHP Logging Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:26 PM

Logging in CakePHP is a very easy task. You just have to use one function. You can log errors, exceptions, user activities, action taken by users, for any background process like cronjob. Logging data in CakePHP is easy. The log() function is provide

How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

CakePHP Quick Guide CakePHP Quick Guide Sep 10, 2024 pm 05:27 PM

CakePHP is an open source MVC framework. It makes developing, deploying and maintaining applications much easier. CakePHP has a number of libraries to reduce the overload of most common tasks.

See all articles