php-fpm优化
本文所涉及的配置文件名为php-fpm.conf,里面比较重要的配置项有如下一些。 request_terminate_timeout = 30 #表示等待30秒后,结束那些没有自动结束的php脚本,以释放占用的资源。 pm表示使用那种方式,就是static(静态)或者dynamic(动态)。在更老一些
本文所涉及的配置文件名为php-fpm.conf,里面比较重要的配置项有如下一些。
request_terminate_timeout = 30
#表示等待30秒后,结束那些没有自动结束的php脚本,以释放占用的资源。
pm表示使用那种方式,就是static(静态)或者dynamic(动态)。在更老一些的版本中,dynamic被称作apache-like。
pm.max_children:静态方式下开启的php-fpm进程数量。
pm.start_servers:动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量。
pm.min_spare_servers:动态方式下的最小php-fpm进程数量。
pm.max_spare_servers:动态方式下的最大php-fpm进程数量。
如果dm设置为static,那么其实只有pm.max_children这个参数生效,系统会开启设置数量的php-fpm进程。
如果dm设置为dynamic,那么pm.max_children参数失效,后面3个参数生效。
系统会在php-fpm运行开始 的时候启动pm.start_servers个php-fpm进程,然后根据系统的需求动态在pm.min_spare_servers和pm.max_spare_servers之间调整php-fpm进程数。
那么,对于我们的服务器,选择哪种执行方式比较好呢?事实上,跟Apache一样,运行的PHP程序在执行完成后,或多或少会有内存泄露的问题。这也是为什么开始的时候一个php-fpm进程只占用3M左右内存,运行一段时间后就会上升到20-30M的原因了。
对于内存大的服务器(比如8G以上)来说,指定静态的max_children实际上更为妥当,因为这样不需要进行额外的进程数目控制,会提高效率。
因为频繁开关php-fpm进程也会有时滞,所以内存够大的情况下开静态效果会更好。数量也可以根据 内存/30M 得到,比如8GB内存可以设置为100,那么php-fpm耗费的内存就能控制在 2G-3G的样子。如果内存稍微小点,比如1G,那么指定静态的进程数量更加有利于服务器的稳定。这样可以保证php-fpm只获取够用的内存,将不多的 内存分配给其他应用去使用,会使系统的运行更加畅通。
对于小内存的服务器来说,比如256M内存的VPS,即使按照一个20M的内存量来算,10个php-cgi进程就将耗掉200M内存,那系统的崩溃就应该很正常了。
因此应该尽量地控制php-fpm进程的数量,大体明确其他应用占用的内存后,给它指定一个静态的小数量,会让系统更加平稳一些。或者使用动态方式,因为动态方式会结束掉多余的进程,可以回收释放一些内存,所以推荐在内存较少的服务器或VPS上使用。具体最大数量根据 内存/20M 得到。比如512M的VPS,建议pm.max_spare_servers设置为20。至于pm.min_spare_servers,则建议根据服务器的负载情况来设置,比较合适的值在5~10之间。
原文地址:php-fpm优化, 感谢原作者分享。

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