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请注意PHP程序里的敏感信息

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:10 PM
php information sensitive program Please note

何为敏感信息?简单点来说就是你不想让别人知道的信息,比如说数据库的地址,用户名,密码等等,此类信息往往知道的人越少越好。 通常,PHP程序里的配置文件大致如下所示: ?phpreturn array( 'database' = array( 'host' = '192.168.0.1', 'username' = 'ad

何为敏感信息?简单点来说就是你不想让别人知道的信息,比如说数据库的地址,用户名,密码等等,此类信息往往知道的人越少越好。

通常,PHP程序里的配置文件大致如下所示:

<?php return array(
    'database' => array(
        'host'     => '192.168.0.1',
        'username' => 'administrator',
        'password' => 'e1bfd762321e409cee4ac0b6e841963c',
    ),
);
?>
Copy after login

有时候出于某些原因,比如说代码审查,亦或者合作开发等等,第三方需要获取代码版本仓库的读权限,一旦授权,数据库的地址,用户名,密码等敏感信息就暴露了。当然也可以不在代码版本仓库里保存配置文件,取而代之是撰写文档进行说明,但我不喜欢这样的方法,因为如此一来,代码本身是不完整的。

如何解决此类问题呢?最直接的方法是把敏感信息从代码中拿掉,换个地方保存。具体保存到哪里呢?有很多选择,比如说通过nginx的fastcgi_param来设置:

fastcgi_param DATABASE_HOST 192.168.0.1;
fastcgi_param DATABASE_USERNAME administrator;
fastcgi_param DATABASE_PASSWORD e1bfd762321e409cee4ac0b6e841963c;
Copy after login

经过这样的映射后,我们的代码就不会直接包含敏感信息了:

<?php return array(
    'database' => array(
        'host'     => $_SERVER['DATABASE_HOST'],
        'user'     => $_SERVER['DATABASE_USERNAME'],
        'password' => $_SERVER['DATABASE_PASSWORD'],
    ),
);
?>
Copy after login

此外,还可以通过php-fpm的env指令来设置:

env[DATABASE_HOST] = 192.168.0.1
env[DATABASE_USERNAME] = administrator
env[DATABASE_PASSWORD] = e1bfd762321e409cee4ac0b6e841963c
Copy after login

需要说明的一点是,这个设置必须放在主配置文件php-fpm.conf里,不能放到include指令设置的子配置文件里,否则会报错:「Array are not allowed in the global section」;另外一点,虽然是通过env设置的,但结果还是在$_SERVER里,而不是$_ENV。

通过nginx和php-fpm配置文件来解决问题的话,有一个缺点,仅对Web有效,如果通过命令行来运行,那么无法在$_SERVER里获取相关信息,不过这不算什么难事儿,只要写个公共的脚本正则匹配一下nginx或者php-fpm的配置文件,就可以动态的把这些信息映射到命令行环境,具体怎么搞就留给大家自己操作吧。

说明:?@Laruence?提醒了我,如果配置信息通过nginx的fastcgi_param来设置的话,当nginx和php交互时,会带来大量的数据传输(如此看来通过php-fpm的env来设置相对更有优势),鸟哥建议使用独立的扩展来搞定,比如「hidef」。如果你使用hidef的话,需要注意一点,hidef定义的常量通过phpinfo函数可以一览无遗,为了安全性,你应该在配置文件php.ini里禁用相关函数:「disable_functions = phpinfo」。

看起来还是hidef可用性更好些,具体选择就看客观情况而定吧,如果能够安装扩展,那么就推荐使用hidef,否则就推荐使用env的方法。

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