Table of Contents
构造函数
继承
抽象类
静态方法、属性
To be continue
Home php教程 php手册 PHP中类及其继承关系

PHP中类及其继承关系

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:12 PM
oop php relation inherit

类 讲继承,撇不开类,类一直是OOP中一非常重要的概念,在这个过度OOP的时代中,什么都得抽象成类,好像不抽象类就不会写代码了。所谓类,即一系列对象的总和,这系列对象有一样的属性和一样的方法。所谓方法,就是对象可以操作的行为:如可以吃、可以睡、可

PHP

讲继承,撇不开类,类一直是OOP中一非常重要的概念,在这个过度OOP的时代中,什么都得抽象成类,好像不抽象类就不会写代码了。所谓类,即一系列对象的总和,这系列对象有一样的属性和一样的方法。所谓方法,就是对象可以操作的行为:如可以吃、可以睡、可以计算等等。

<?php class Animal { 
    public $weight = 0;
    public function eat() { echo "it's eating!"; }
    private function sleep(){ echo "it's sleeping!"; }
}
$a = new Animal; // 或 new Animal();
$a->weight = 20;
$a->eat();
?>
Copy after login

这里表达的是一个简单的动物类,它有属性“体重”,有方法“吃”,“睡”。这些属性和方法,是类内部可见,还是类内部也可见。就有publicprivate关键字。 是外表上显而易见的,如手、脚、嘴、吃东西等,这些就是所谓public的;还有些外表上看不出来的,如心、肝、脾、心跳、消化等,这些就是所谓privateprotected。至于,privateprotected啥不一样,后面会讲。(modified 2014-5-1)

构造函数

我们可以按以下操作来实例化一个对象

<?php $a = new Animal; // 或 new Animal();
$a->weight = 20;
?>
Copy after login

但如果weight只可以内部访问或者想简化操作呢?那牛人又设计了构造函数__construct,这是一个特殊名字的方法。

<?php class Animal { 
    private $weight = 0;
    public function($weight) {
        $this->weight = $weight;
    }
    public function eat() { echo "it's eating!"; }
    private function sleep(){ echo "it's sleeping!"; }
}
$a = new Animal(20);
?>
Copy after login

继承

有了类以后,在类与类之间找关系,继承就是一个明显的关系。所谓继承,不是简单的生物学中的基因继承,也不是经济学中的财产继承。它只是表达了一个概念,你有的我也有,你没有的我也有。与其说是继承,不如说是扩展。包括PHP在内的许多语言,都选择关键字extends就是想很清楚地表达了这个概念它。派生关系可以用家族树来表达,确实就像继承。(modified 2014-5-1)

<?php class People extends Animal { // 类也是动物
    protected $IQ = 0;
    public function think() {echo "it's thinking!";}
}
?>
Copy after login

以上表达的就是人是继承了动物的方法“吃”,“睡”。但人不只“吃睡”,还会“思考”,所以还有智商“IQ”。那有些属性、方法不想被类外部访问,又想被继承它的类访问怎么办,好吧,再搞个protected关键字好了。 好吧,既然是继承,那我们来研究一下达尔文的进化和退化论。派生类于基类,多了新的属性或新的方法,即是进步;少了在基类中声明为private的属性和方法,即为退化。(modified 2014-5-1)

好吧,继承并不复杂,以上的public, protected等,我随便写的,没逻辑的。

抽象类

这节比较抽象,我们来讲故事吧!(modified 2014-5-1)

上帝在造万物时,想造生物,生物有生命会呼吸,然后好抽象,不懂造。(抽象基类,有抽象方法呼吸)

然后,上帝说,我们来造鸟,鸟是生物,有两只脚,有翅膀,会飞,用肺呼吸,羽毛什么颜色?长什么样子?好抽象,不会造。(派生抽象类)

上帝说,好吧,我们来造燕子,燕子是鸟,黑色毛,尾毛像剪刀。然后,捏完上色,好具体。(类)

然后,上帝用抽象到具体的方法,创造世界上最大的操作系统,Hello World!

<?php abstract class Life {
    abstract function breathing();
}
abstract class Bird extends Life {
    $foots = array();
    $wings = array();
    function breathing() { echo "with lump!"; }
    abstract function feather();
    function fly() { echo "flying!"; }
} 
class Swallow Extends Bird () {
    $foots = array();
    $wings = array();
    function breathing() { echo "with lump!"; }
    abstract function feather() { echo "black and like a cicor!"}
    function fly() { echo "flying!"; }
}
?>
Copy after login

静态方法、属性

从C/C++时代就想怎么去解释去解释这个静态两个字,这很计算机表达,因为他把变量和方法存在程序的静态区,所以叫静态变量和静态方法。我一直在想这东西在类中表达怎么跟现实中结合,让我们更好地去理解它然后更好地使用它。 OK。想想,有一个People类,关于人类有什么属性和什么操作跟一个人的生命没关系的?人类有多少人,生成身份ID。

<?php class People extends Animal {
    function eat() {echo "we'are eating tasty food!"}
    function __construct() {
        $this->ID = self::create_id(); // 内部调用静态属性/方法
    }
    static $populace; // 静态属性,人口
    static function() create_id { return microtime(); } // 静态方法,生成身份证
}
echo "Populace: " . People::$populace; // 外部调用静态属性/方法
?>
Copy after login

To be continue

由于明天还有重要的事,今天只讲到这里,这里只是热身,精彩的内容在后面。

( 完 )

版权所有:老白经 转载请保留来源信息。 >

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before 7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before Nov 13, 2024 am 09:42 AM

If you are an experienced PHP developer, you might have the feeling that you’ve been there and done that already.You have developed a significant number of applications, debugged millions of lines of code, and tweaked a bunch of scripts to achieve op

How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? Feb 07, 2025 am 11:57 AM

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:12 PM

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? Apr 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.

See all articles