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php魔术方法有哪些?

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:12 PM
php magic method

php魔术方法有哪些?

php魔术方法是什么?有哪些?

PHP中把以两个下划线__开头的方法称为魔术方法(Magic methods),这些方法在PHP中充当了举足轻重的作用。

魔术方法包括:

 ● __construct(),类的构造函数

 ● __destruct(),类的析构函数

 ● __call(),在对象中调用一个不可访问方法时调用

 ● __callStatic(),用静态方式中调用一个不可访问方法时调用

 ● __get(),获得一个类的成员变量时调用

 ● __set(),设置一个类的成员变量时调用

 ● __isset(),当对不可访问属性调用isset()或empty()时调用

 ● __unset(),当对不可访问属性调用unset()时被调用。

 ● __sleep(),执行serialize()时,先会调用这个函数

 ● __wakeup(),执行unserialize()时,先会调用这个函数

 ● __toString(),类被当成字符串时的回应方法

 ● __invoke(),调用函数的方式调用一个对象时的回应方法

 ● __set_state(),调用var_export()导出类时,此静态方法会被调用。

 ● __clone(),当对象复制完成时调用

 ● __autoload(),尝试加载未定义的类

 ● __debugInfo(),打印所需调试信息

详细介绍:

__construct()

__construct()是类的构造函数,是目前为止最经常使用的函数。在创建对象时,可以在构造函数中做一些初始化工作。可以为构造函数定义任意多个参数,只要在实例化时传入对应个数的参数即可。构造函数中出现的任何异常都会阻止对象的创建。

__desctruct()

__desctruct()是类的析构函数,通常在销毁对象或脚本执行结束时自动调用,析构函数不接收任何参数。经常在析构函数中执行一些清理工作,比如关闭数据库连接等。

__call()

__call()在调用不存在或不可访问的方法时会被调用。它接收两个参数,一个是调用的方法的名字,一个是包含函数参数的数组。我们可以使用这种方法调用子对象中得同名函数

__callStatic()

__callStatic()当调用的静态方法不存在或权限不足时会被调用。它接收两个参数,一个是调用的方法的名字,一个是包含函数参数的数组。其使用跟__call()完全一样。

__get()

__get()在我们尝试访问一个不存在的属性或者非公有属性时会被调用。它接收一个参数,该参数表示访问属性的名字,并且将该属性的值返回

__set()

__set()在我们尝试修改一个不可访问的属性时会被调用,它接收两个参数,一个表示属性的名字,一个表示属性的值。

__isset()

__isset()在对一个不可访问的属性调用isset()或empty()方法时会被调用,它接收一个参数,表示属性的名字。它应该返回一个布尔值,用来表示该属性是否存在。

__unset()

__unset()在调用 unset()函数销毁一个不能访问的属性时会被调用,它接收一个参数,表述属性的名字。

__sleep()

__sleep()在对一个对象序列化时(调用 serialize())会被调用。它不接收任何参数,而且应该返回一个包含所有应该被序列化的属性的数组。在该魔术方法中,也可以执行一些其他操作。

有一点要注意的是,不要再该函数中进行任何的析构操作,因为这可能会影响正在运行的对象

__wakeup()

__wakeup()在对存储的对象反序列化时会被调用。它不接收任何参数,也没有任何返回值。可以用它来处理在序列化时丢失的数据库连接或资源

__toString()

__toString()在我们将对象当作字符串一样使用时会被调用,它不接收任何参数。该方法允许我们定义对象的表现形式。

__invoke()

调用函数的方式调用一个对象时的回应方法

__set_state()

调用var_export()导出类时,此静态方法会被调用。

__clone()

__clone()可以解决上面的问题。当对一个对象使用 clone 关键字时,该魔术方法会被调用。

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