Table of Contents
最简单的匹配
元字符
Home php教程 php手册 PHP中的正则表达式应用

PHP中的正则表达式应用

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:13 PM
php move application Tutorial at last regular expression

教程看了千千万,最后不动手都是白搭,结合实例看一下,多多实践才能真正学会. 最简单的匹配 ^\d{5,}$#QQ号码为数字且至少5位 ^ :表示匹配字符串的开始,也即该字符串是独立的开始而不是包含在某个字符串之内 \d :表示匹配数字 {5,} :表示至少匹配5位及以上

教程看了千千万,最后不动手都是白搭,结合实例看一下,多多实践才能真正学会.

最简单的匹配

^\d{5,}$
#QQ号码为数字且至少5位
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  • ^:表示匹配字符串的开始,也即该字符串是独立的开始而不是包含在某个字符串之内
  • \d:表示匹配数字
  • {5,}:表示至少匹配5位及以上
  • $:表示匹配字符串的结束,也即该字符串是独立的结束

从该例子可以看出,正则表达式是从左至右描述的.
在来个类似的例子:

^1\d{10}$
#1开头的11位(独立)数字,可以简单认为是手机号码
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元字符

在上面的例子中,^\d$ 等这些符号,代表了特定的匹配意义,我们称之为元字符,常用的元字符如下:

元字符 说明
. 匹配除换行符意外的任意字符
\w 匹配字母或数字或下划线
\s 匹配任意的空白符
\d 匹配数字
\b 匹配单词的开始或结束
^ 匹配字符串的开始
$ 匹配字符串的结束
[x] 匹配x字符,如匹配字符串中的 a、b 和 c 字符
\W \w的反义,即匹配任意非字母,数字,下划线和汉字的字符
\S \s的反义,即匹配任意非空白符的字符
\D \d的反义,即匹配任意非数字的字符
\B \b的反义,即不是单词开头或结束的位置
[^x] 匹配除了 x 意外的任意字符,如 [^abc] 匹配除了 abc 这几个字母之外的任意字符

提示

  • 当我们要匹配这些元字符的时候,我们需要用到字符转义功能,同样正则表达式里面用 \ 来表示转义,如要匹配 . 符号,则需要用 \. ,否则 . 会被解释成“除换行符外的任意字符”。当然,要匹配 \ ,则需要写成 \\
  • 连续的数字或字母可以用 符号连接起来,如 匹配所有的小写字母,[1-5] 匹配 1 至 5 这 5 个数字
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