数据库学习之--Linux下Mysql源码包安装

数据库学习之--Linux下Mysql源码包安装 系统环境 ： 操作系统：RedHat EL6 DB Soft： Mysql 5.6.4-m7 Mysql 在linux下的安装方式有两种版本，一种为Binary（二进制），另外一种为Source（源码包），本文为Source Install方式。 1、安装前的准备 解压安装包 [

数据库学习之--Linux下Mysql源码包安装

系统环境：

操作系统：RedHat EL6

DB Soft：  Mysql 5.6.4-m7

    Mysql 在linux下的安装方式有两种版本，一种为Binary（二进制），另外一种为Source（源码包），本文为Source Install方式。

1、安装前的准备

解压安装包

[oracle@ogg ~]$ ls

mysql-5.6.4-m7  mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.gz  mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.zip  ogg  oradiag_oracle  Readme--?+?.htm

[oracle@ogg ~]$ cd mysql-5.6.4-m7

[oracle@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]$ ls
BUILD        CMakeLists.txt   COPYING              extra               libmysql     mysql-test  README   sql-bench   support-files  vio
BUILD-CMAKE  cmd-line-utils   dbug                 include             libmysqld    mysys       regex    sql-common  tests          win
client       config.h.cmake   Docs                 INSTALL-SOURCE      libservices  packaging   scripts  storage     unittest       zlib
cmake        configure.cmake  Doxyfile-perfschema  INSTALL-WIN-SOURCE  man          plugin      sql      strings     VERSION

[oracle@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.gz

mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_process.cc
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_kill_win.cc
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/safe_process_win.cc
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pm
mysql-5.6.4-m7/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/CMakeLists.txt
……

查看官方安装文档：INSTALL-SOURCE

To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the basic command

sequence looks like this:

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

For example, with a compressed tar file source distribution on Unix, the basic installation command

sequence looks like this:

# Preconfiguration setup
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# Beginning of source-build specific instructions
shell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
shell> cd mysql-VERSION
shell> cmake .
shell> make
shell> make install
# End of source-build specific instructions
# Postinstallation setup
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

2、准备源码安装所需要的工具和库文件（RedHat 安装光盘）

[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep make
automake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarch
make-3.81-19.el6.i686

[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep bison
bison-2.4.1-5.el6.i686

[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep gcc
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
gcc-gfortran-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
compat-libgcc-296-2.96-144.el6.i686

[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep cmake

[root@ogg ~]# rpm -qa |grep ncur
ncurses-base-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686
ncurses-libs-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686
ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686
ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686

挂载RedHat安装光盘
[root@ogg ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@ogg ~]# cd /media/
[root@ogg media]# cd Server/
[root@ogg Server]# ls
Packages  repodata  TRANS.TBL
[root@ogg Server]# cd Packages/

[root@ogg Packages]# ls |grep make
automake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarch.rpm
cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpm
imake-1.0.2-11.el6.i686.rpm
make-3.81-19.el6.i686.rpm
makebootfat-1.4-10.el6.i686.rpm
pacemaker-1.1.2-7.el6.i686.rpm
pacemaker-libs-1.1.2-7.el6.i686.rpm

安装cmake
[root@ogg Packages]# rpm -ivh /media/Server/Packages/cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpm
warning: /media/Server/Packages/cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:cmake                  ########################################### [100%]
[root@ogg Packages]#

3、源码安装，检测编译环境

[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# cmake ./

-- The C compiler identification is GNU
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB
-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB - found
-- MySQL 5.6.4-m7
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found

......

-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS
-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC
-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC - Success
-- Check size of pthread_t
-- Check size of pthread_t - done
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED - Success
-- Googletest was not found. gtest-based unit tests will be disabled. You can run cmake . -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 to automatically download and build required components from source.
-- If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy: export http_proxy=http://foo.bar.com:80
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/oracle/mysql-5.6.4-m7

可以指定一下参数：

# -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql          \    #安装路径
# -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data            \    #数据文件存放位置
# -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc                                \    #my.cnf路径
# -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                   \    #支持MyIASM引擎
# -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                 \    #支持InnoDB引擎
# -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                   \    #支持Memory引擎
# -DWITH_READLINE=1                                \    #快捷键功能(我没用过)
# -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock               \    #连接数据库socket路径
# -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306                            \    #端口
# -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1                         \    #允许从本地导入数据
# -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                \    #安装支持数据库分区
# -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all                             \    #安装所有的字符集
# -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                           \    #默认字符
# -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

4、编译

[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# make

Scanning dependencies of target INFO_BIN
[  0%] Built target INFO_BIN
Scanning dependencies of target INFO_SRC
[  0%] Built target INFO_SRC
Scanning dependencies of target abi_check
[  0%] Built target abi_check
[  1%] Generating common.h
[  1%] Generating help.c
[  1%] Generating help.h
[  1%] Generating vi.h
[  1%] Generating emacs.h
[  1%] Generating fcns.c
[  1%] Generating fcns.h
Scanning dependencies of target edit
......

5、安装

[root@ogg mysql-5.6.4-m7]# make install

-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_sp003.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_mts_crash_safe.inc
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_stm_EE_err2.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_ndb_apply_status.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_mixing_engines.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_extra_col_slave.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/type_conversions.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_func003.test
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/./extra/rpl_tests/rpl_row_sp002.test
......

@至此，mysql安装完成！

6、数据库配置

初始化数据库
[root@ogg mysql]#cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@ogg mysql]# ls
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  INSTALL-BINARY  lib  man  mysql-5.6.4-m7  mysql-test  README  scripts  share  sql-bench  support-files

[root@ogg mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .

[root@ogg mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
140917 13:51:22 InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...

[root@ogg mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./data
[root@ogg mysql]# chmod -R ug+rws .

[root@ogg mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y

配置参数文件
[root@ogg mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
user=mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
default-storage-engine=MyISAM

7、启动数据库

[root@ogg mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

[1] 16592

[root@ogg mysql]# 140917 13:56:51 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.err'.
140917 13:56:51 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
140917 13:56:53 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.pid ended
[1]+  Done                    bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root@ogg mysql]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root     16888  5955  0 13:57 pts/1    00:00:00 grep mysql

数据库启动失败！

查看日志：

[root@ogg mysql]# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.err

140917 13:56:51 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
140917 13:56:51 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
140917 13:56:51 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
140917 13:56:52 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140917 13:56:53 InnoDB: 1.2.4 started; log sequence number 0
140917 13:56:53 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 6c803c62-3e2f-11e4-9db1-0800270ccfcc.
140917 13:56:53 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
140917 13:56:53 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ogg.pid ended

重新启动数据库

[root@ogg mysql]# cd bin

[root@ogg bin]# ./mysqld

./mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
140917 13:58:17 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: CPU does not support crc32 instructions
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 48961
140917 13:58:17  InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 1595695
140917 13:58:17  InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress in percents: 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
140917 13:58:17 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140917 13:58:18 InnoDB: 1.2.4 started; log sequence number 1595695
140917 13:58:18 [Note] Recovering after a crash using mysql-bin
140917 13:58:18 [Note] Starting crash recovery...
140917 13:58:18 [Note] Crash recovery finished.
140917 13:58:18 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist

数据库启动失败

140917 13:58:18 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist

解决方法：

修改/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

重新指定数据库数据文件的位置！

再次启动Database：

[root@ogg mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

[root@ogg data]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root     16955  5955  0 14:03 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql    17229 16955  0 14:03 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/ogg.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/ogg.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

[root@ogg data]# netstat -an|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN

数据库启动成功！

配置数据库启动脚本，加入系统启动环境

[root@ogg mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@ogg mysql]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..140917 14:06:29 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/ogg.pid ended
                                                           [  OK  ]
[1]+  Done                    ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql  (wd: /usr/local/mysql/bin)
(wd now: /usr/local/mysql)
[root@ogg data]# netstat -an|grep 3306

[root@ogg mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL..   
[root@ogg data]# netstat -an|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN                                        [  OK  ]

8、连接使用mysql database

修改管理员密码
[root@ogg mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@ogg mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password
New password:
Confirm new password:

连接数据库
[root@ogg mysql]# ./bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.4-m7-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select * from tab;
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected

mysql> use mysql
Database changed

mysql> select * from tab;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mysql.tab' doesn't exist
mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::1       | root |
| localhost |      |
| localhost | root |
| ogg       |      |
| ogg       | root |
+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

@至此，mysql database安装、连接成功！