PHP获取音频文件的相关信息-php手册-php.cn

PHP获取音频文件的相关信息

　　这篇文章主要介绍了PHP获取音频文件的相关信息的相关资料，非常的实用，有需要的小伙伴可以参考下。

　　项目需求：现在有一个音频文件上传的功能，在上传后PHP需要获取这个音频文件的相关信息，例如：时长等，由于这个文件是放在买的空间上的，没有像ffmpeg这样的扩展来处理，那么PHP能不能获取到这些信息?

　　下面是之前在项目中用到的一个用PHP进行音频文件头部信息的读取与写入操作的实现，主要针对 WMA 和 MP3 两种格式，供参考。

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// AudioExif.class.php

// 用PHP进行音频文件头部信息的读取与写入

// 目前只支持 WMA 和 MP3 两种格式, 只支持常用的几个头部信息

// 写入信息支持: Title(名称), Artist(艺术家), Copyright(版权), Description (描述)

// Year(年代), Genre (流派), AlbumTitle (专辑标题)

// 其中 mp3 和 wma 略有不同, 具体返回的信息还可能更多, 但只有以上信息可以被写入

// mp3 还支持 Track (曲目编号写入)

// 对于 MP3 文件支持 ID3v1也支持ID3v2, 读取时优先 v2, 写入时总是会写入v1, 必要时写入v2

// 用法说明: (由于 wma 使用 Unicode 存取, 故还需要 mb_convert_encoding() 扩展

// 返回数据及写入数据均为 ANSI 编码, 即存什么就显示什么 (中文_GB2312)

// require ('AudioExif.class.php');

// $AE = new AudioExif;

// $file = '/path/to/test.mp3';

// 1. 检查文件是否完整 (only for wma, mp3始终返回 true)

// $AE->CheckSize($file);

// 2. 读取信息, 返回值由信息组成的数组, 键名解释参见上方

// print_r($AE->GetInfo($file));

// 3. 写入信息, 第二参数是一个哈希数组, 键->值, 支持的参见上方的, mp3也支持 Track

// 要求第一参数的文件路径可由本程序写入

// $pa = array('Title' => '新标题', 'AlbumTitle' => '新的专辑名称');

// $AE->SetInfo($file, $pa);

// 其它: 该插件花了不少时间搜集查找 wma及mp3 的文件格式说明文档与网页, 希望对大家有用.

// 其实网上已经有不少类似的程序, 但对 wma 实在太少了, 只能在 win 平台下通过 M$ 的

// API 来操作, 而 MP3 也很少有可以在 unix/linux 命令行操作的, 所以特意写了这个模块

// 如果发现 bug 或提交 patch, 或加以改进使它更加健壮, 请告诉我.

// (关于 ID3和Wma的文件格式及结构在网上应该都可以找到参考资料)

if (!extension_loaded('mbstring')){

trigger_error('PHP Extension module `mbstring` is required for AudioExif', E_USER_WARNING);

return true;

}

// the Main Class

class AudioExif{

// public vars

var $_wma = false;

var $_mp3 = false;

// Construct

function AudioExif() {

// nothing to do

}

// check the filesize

function CheckSize($file) {

$handler = &$this->_get_handler($file);

if (!$handler) return false;

return $handler->check_size($file);

}

// get the infomations

function GetInfo($file) {

$handler = &$this->_get_handler($file);

if (!$handler) return false;

return $handler->get_info($file);

}

// write the infomations

function SetInfo($file, $pa) {

if (!is_writable($file)) {

trigger_error('AudioExif: file `' . $file . '` can not been overwritten', E_USER_WARNING);

return false;

}

$handler = &$this->_get_handler($file);

if (!$handler) return false;

return $handler->set_info($file, $pa);

}

// private methods

function &_get_handler($file) {

$ext = strtolower(strrchr($file, '.'));

$ret = false;

if ($ext == '.mp3') {

// MP3

$ret = &$this->_mp3;

if (!$ret) $ret = new _Mp3Exif();

}

else if ($ext == '.wma')

{ // wma

$ret = &$this->_wma;

if (!$ret) $ret = new _WmaExif();

}

else

{ // unknown

trigger_error('AudioExif not supported `' . $ext . '` file.', E_USER_WARNING);

}

return $ret;

}

// DBCS => gb2312

function dbcs_gbk($str)

{

// strip the last "\0\0"

$str = substr($str, 0, -2);

return mb_convert_encoding($str, 'GBK', 'UCS-2LE');

}

// gb2312 => DBCS

function gbk_dbcs($str)

{

$str = mb_convert_encoding($str, 'UCS-2LE', 'GBK');

$str .= "\0\0";

return $str;

}

// file exif

class _AudioExif

{

var $fd;

var $head;

var $head_off;

var $head_buf;

// init the file handler

function _file_init($fpath, $write = false)

{

$mode = ($write ? 'rb+' : 'rb');

$this->fd = @fopen($fpath, $mode);

if (!$this->fd)

{

trigger_error('AudioExif: `' . $fpath . '` can not be opened with mode `' . $mode . '`', E_USER_WARNING);

return false;

}

$this->head = false;

$this->head_off = 0;

$this->head_buf = '';

return true;

}

// read buffer from the head_buf & move the off pointer

function _read_head_buf($len)

{

if ($len

$buf = substr($this->head_buf, $this->head_off, $len);

$this->head_off += strlen($buf);

return $buf;

}

// read one short value

function _read_head_short()

{

$ord1 = ord(substr($this->head_buf, $this->head_off, 1));

$ord2 = ord(substr($this->head_buf, $this->head_off+1, 1));

$this->head_off += 2;

return ($ord1 + ($ord2

}

// save the file head

function _file_save($head, $olen, $nlen = 0)

{

if ($nlen == 0) $nlen = strlen($head);

if ($nlen == $olen)

{

// shorter

flock($this->fd, LOCK_EX);

fseek($this->fd, 0, SEEK_SET);

fwrite($this->fd, $head, $nlen);

flock($this->fd, LOCK_UN);

}

else

{

// longer, buffer required

$stat = fstat($this->fd);

$fsize = $stat['size'];

// buf required (4096?) 应该不会 nlen - olen > 4096 吧

$woff = 0;

$roff = $olen;

// read first buffer

flock($this->fd, LOCK_EX);

fseek($this->fd, $roff, SEEK_SET);

$buf = fread($this->fd, 4096);

// seek to start

fseek($this->fd, $woff, SEEK_SET);

fwrite($this->fd, $head, $nlen);

$woff += $nlen;

// seek to woff & write the data

{

$buf2 = $buf;

$roff += 4096;

if ($roff

{

fseek($this->fd, $roff, SEEK_SET);

$buf = fread($this->fd, 4096);

}

// save last buffer

$len2 = strlen($buf2);

fseek($this->fd, $woff, SEEK_SET);

fwrite($this->fd, $buf2, $len2);

$woff += $len2;

}

while ($roff

ftruncate($this->fd, $woff);

flock($this->fd, LOCK_UN);

}

// close the file

function _file_deinit()

{

if ($this->fd)

{

fclose($this->fd);

$this->fd = false;

}

// wma class

class _WmaExif extends _AudioExif

{

var $items1 = array('Title', 'Artist', 'Copyright', 'Description', 'Reserved');

var $items2 = array('Year', 'Genre', 'AlbumTitle');

// check file size (length) maybe invalid file

function check_size($file)

{

$ret = false;

if (!$this->_file_init($file)) return true;

if ($this->_init_header())

{

$buf = fread($this->fd, 24);

$tmp = unpack('H32id/Vlen/H8unused', $buf);

if ($tmp['id'] == '3626b2758e66cf11a6d900aa0062ce6c')

{

$stat = fstat($this->fd);

$ret = ($stat['size'] == ($this->head['len'] + $tmp['len']));

}

$this->_file_deinit();

return $ret;

}

// set info (save the infos)

function set_info($file, $pa)

{

// check the pa

settype($pa, 'array');

if (!$this->_file_init($file, true)) return false;

if (!$this->_init_header())

{

$this->_file_deinit();

return false;

}

// parse the old header & generate the new header

$head_body = '';

$st_found = $ex_found = false;

$head_num = $this->head['num'];

while (($tmp = $this->_get_head_frame()) && ($head_num > 0))

{

$head_num--;

if ($tmp['id'] == '3326b2758e66cf11a6d900aa0062ce6c')

{ // Standard Info

// 1-4

$st_found = true;

$st_body1 = $st_body2 = '';

$lenx = unpack('v5', $this->_read_head_buf(10));

$tmp['len'] -= 34; // 10 + 24

for ($i = 0; $i items1); $i++)

{

$l = $lenx[$i+1];

$k = $this->items1[$i];

$tmp['len'] -= $l;

$data = $this->_read_head_buf($l);

if (isset($pa[$k])) $data = gbk_dbcs($pa[$k]);

$st_body2 .= $data;

$st_body1 .= pack('v', strlen($data));

}

// left length

if ($tmp['len'] > 0) $st_body2 .= $this->_read_head_buf($tmp['len']);

// save to head_body

$head_body .= pack('H32VH8', $tmp['id'], strlen($st_body1 . $st_body2)+24, $tmp['unused']);

$head_body .= $st_body1 . $st_body2;

$st_body2 .= $data;

}

// save to head_body

$head_body .= pack('H32Va4', '3326b2758e66cf11a6d900aa0062ce6c', strlen($st_body1 . $st_body2)+24, '');

$head_body .= $st_body1 . $st_body2;

$this->head['num']++;

}

// ex not found?

if (!$ex_found)

{

$inum = 0;

$et_body = '';

foreach ($this->items2 as $k)

{

$nbuf = gbk_dbcs('WM/' . $k);

$vbuf = (isset($pa[$k]) ? gbk_dbcs($pa[$k]) : "");

$et_body .= pack('v', strlen($nbuf)) . $nbuf . pack('vv', 0, strlen($vbuf)) . $vbuf;

$inum++;

}

$head_body .= pack('H32Va4v', '40a4d0d207e3d21197f000a0c95ea850', strlen($et_body)+26, '', $inum);

$head_body .= $et_body;

$this->head['num']++;

}

// after save

$new_len = strlen($head_body) + 30;

$old_len = $this->head['len'];

if ($new_len

{

$head_body .= str_repeat("\0", $old_len - $new_len);

$new_len = $old_len;

}

$tmp = $this->head;

$head_buf = pack('H32VVVH4', $tmp['id'], $new_len, $tmp['len2'], $tmp['num'], $tmp['unused']);

$head_buf .= $head_body;

$this->_file_save($head_buf, $old_len, $new_len);

// close the file & return

$this->_file_deinit();

return true;

}

// get info

function get_info($file)

{

$ret = array();

if (!$this->_file_init($file)) return false;

if (!$this->_init_header())

{

$this->_file_deinit();

return false;

}

// get the data from head_buf

$head_num = $this->head['num']; // num of head_frame

while (($tmp = $this->_get_head_frame()) && $head_num > 0)

{

$head_num--;

if ($tmp['id'] == '3326b2758e66cf11a6d900aa0062ce6c')

{ // Standard Info

$lenx = unpack('v*', $this->_read_head_buf(10));

for ($i = 1; $i items1); $i++)

{

$k = $this->items1[$i-1];

$ret[$k] = dbcs_gbk($this->_read_head_buf($lenx[$i]));

}

else if ($tmp['id'] == '40a4d0d207e3d21197f000a0c95ea850')

{ // Extended Info

$inum = $this->_read_head_short();

$tmp['len'] -= 26;

while ($inum > 0 && $tmp['len'] > 0)

{

// attribute name

$nlen = $this->_read_head_short();

$nbuf = $this->_read_head_buf($nlen);

// the flag & value length

$flag = $this->_read_head_short();

$vlen = $this->_read_head_short();

$vbuf = $this->_read_head_buf($vlen);

// update the XX

$tmp['len'] -= (6 + $nlen + $vlen);

$inum--;

$name = dbcs_gbk($nbuf);

$k = substr($name, 3);

if (in_array($k, $this->items2))

{ // all is string value (refer to falg for other tags)

$ret[$k] = dbcs_gbk($vbuf);

}

else

{ // skip only

if ($tmp['len'] > 24) $this->head_off += ($tmp['len'] - 24);

}

$this->_file_deinit();

return $ret;

}

// get the header?

function _init_header()

{

fseek($this->fd, 0, SEEK_SET);

$buf = fread($this->fd, 30);

if (strlen($buf) != 30) return false;

$tmp = unpack('H32id/Vlen/Vlen2/Vnum/H4unused', $buf);

if ($tmp['id'] != '3026b2758e66cf11a6d900aa0062ce6c')

return false;

$this->head_buf = fread($this->fd, $tmp['len'] - 30);

$this->head = $tmp;

return true;

}

// _get_head_frame()

function _get_head_frame()

{

$buf = $this->_read_head_buf(24);

if (strlen($buf) != 24) return false;

$tmp = unpack('H32id/Vlen/H8unused', $buf);

return $tmp;

}

// mp3 class (if not IDv2 then select IDv1)

class _Mp3Exif extends _AudioExif

{

var $head1;

var $genres = array('Blues','Classic Rock','Country','Dance','Disco','Funk','Grunge','Hip-Hop','Jazz','Metal','New Age','Oldies','Other','Pop','R&B','Rap','Reggae','Rock','Techno','Industrial','Alternative','Ska','Death Metal','Pranks','Soundtrack','Euro-Techno','Ambient','Trip-Hop','Vocal','Jazz+Funk','Fusion','Trance','Classical','Instrumental','Acid','House','Game','Sound Clip','Gospel','Noise','AlternRock','Bass','Soul','Punk','Space','Meditative','Instrumental Pop','Instrumental Rock','Ethnic','Gothic','Darkwave','Techno-Industrial','Electronic','Pop-Folk','Eurodance','Dream','Southern Rock','Comedy','Cult','Gangsta','Top 40','Christian Rap','Pop/Funk','Jungle','Native American','Cabaret','New Wave','Psychadelic','Rave','Showtunes','Trailer','Lo-Fi','Tribal','Acid Punk','Acid Jazz','Polka','Retro','Musical','Rock & Roll','Hard Rock','Unknown');

// MP3 always return true

function check_size($file)

{

return true;

}

// get info

function get_info($file)

{

if (!$this->_file_init($file)) return false;

$ret = false;

if ($this->_init_header())

{

$ret = ($this->head ? $this->_get_v2_info() : $this->_get_v1_info());

$ret['meta'] = $this->_get_meta_info();

}

$this->_file_deinit();

return $ret;

}

// set info

function set_info($file, $pa)

{

if (!$this->_file_init($file, true)) return false;

if ($this->_init_header())

{

// always save v1 info

$this->_set_v1_info($pa);

// set v2 first if need

$this->_set_v2_info($pa);

}

$this->_file_deinit();

return true;

}

// get the header information[v1+v2], call after file_init

function _init_header()

{

$this->head1 = false;

$this->head = false;

// try to get ID3v1 first

fseek($this->fd, -128, SEEK_END);

$buf = fread($this->fd, 128);

if (strlen($buf) == 128 && substr($buf, 0, 3) == 'TAG')

{

$tmp = unpack('a3id/a30Title/a30Artist/a30AlbumTitle/a4Year/a28Description/CReserved/CTrack/CGenre', $buf);

$this->head1 = $tmp;

}

// try to get ID3v2

fseek($this->fd, 0, SEEK_SET);

$buf = fread($this->fd, 10);

if (strlen($buf) == 10 && substr($buf, 0, 3) == 'ID3')

{

$tmp = unpack('a3id/Cver/Crev/Cflag/C4size', $buf);

$tmp['size'] = ($tmp['size1']

unset($tmp['size1'], $tmp['size2'], $tmp['size3'], $tmp['size4']);

$this->head = $tmp;

$this->head_buf = fread($this->fd, $tmp['size']);

}

return ($this->head1 || $this->head);

}

// get v1 info

function _get_v1_info()

{

$ret = array();

$tmpa = array('Title', 'Artist', 'Copyright', 'Description', 'Year', 'AlbumTitle');

foreach ($tmpa as $tmp)

{

$ret[$tmp] = $this->head1[$tmp];

if ($pos = strpos($ret[$tmp], "\0"))

$ret[$tmp] = substr($ret[$tmp], 0, $pos);

}

// count the Genre, [Track]

if ($this->head1['Reserved'] == 0) $ret['Track'] = $this->head1['Track'];

else $ret['Description'] .= chr($ret['Reserved']) . chr($ret['Track']);

// Genre_idx

$g = $this->head1['Genre'];

if (!isset($this->genres[$g])) $ret['Genre'] = 'Unknown';

else $ret['Genre'] = $this->genres[$g];

// return the value

$ret['ID3v1'] = 'yes';

return $ret;

}

// get v2 info

function _get_v2_info()

{

$ret = array();

$items = array( 'TCOP'=>'Copyright', 'TPE1'=>'Artist', 'TIT2'=>'Title', 'TRCK'=> 'Track',

'TCON'=>'Genre', 'COMM'=>'Description', 'TYER'=>'Year', 'TALB'=>'AlbumTitle');

while (true)

{

$buf = $this->_read_head_buf(10);

if (strlen($buf) != 10) break;

$tmp = unpack('a4fid/Nsize/nflag', $buf);

if ($tmp['size'] == 0) break;

$tmp['dat'] = $this->_read_head_buf($tmp['size']);

// 0x6000 (11000000 00000000)

if ($tmp['flag'] & 0x6000) continue;

// mapping the data

if ($k = $items[$tmp['fid']])

{ // If first char is "\0", just skip

if (substr($tmp['dat'], 0, 1) == "\0") $tmp['dat'] = substr($tmp['dat'], 1);

$ret[$k] = $tmp['dat'];

}

// reset the genre

if ($g = $ret['Genre'])

{

if (substr($g,0,1) == '(' && substr($g,-1,1) == ')') $g = substr($g, 1, -1);

if (is_numeric($g))

{

$g = intval($g);

$ret['Genre'] = (isset($this->genres[$g]) ? $this->genres[$g] : 'Unknown');

}

$ret['ID3v1'] = 'no';

return $ret;

}

// get meta info of MP3

function _get_meta_info()

{

// seek to the lead buf: 0xff

$off = 0;

if ($this->head) $off = $this->head['size'] + 10;

fseek($this->fd, $off, SEEK_SET);

while (!feof($this->fd))

{

$skip = ord(fread($this->fd, 1));

if ($skip == 0xff) break;

}

if ($skip != 0xff) return false;

$buf = fread($this->fd, 3);

if (strlen($buf) != 3) return false;

$tmp = unpack('C3', $buf);

if (($tmp[1] & 0xf0) != 0xf0) return false;

// get the meta info

$meta = array();

// get mpeg version

$meta['mpeg'] = ($tmp[1] & 0x08 ? 1 : 2);

$meta['layer'] = ($tmp[1] & 0x04) ? (($tmp[1] & 0x02) ? 1 : 2) : (($tmp[1] & 0x02) ? 3 : 0);

$meta['epro'] = ($tmp[1] & 0x01) ? 'no' : 'yes';

// bit rates

$bit_rates = array(

1 => array(

1 => array(0,32,64,96,128,160,192,224,256,288,320,352,384,416,448,0),

2 => array(0,32,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,160,192,224,256,320,384,0),

3 => array(0,32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,160,192,224,256,320,0)

2 => array(

1 => array(0,32,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,224,256,0),

2 => array(0,8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,144,160,0),

3 => array(0,8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,144,160,0)

)

);

$i = $meta['mpeg'];

$j = $meta['layer'];

$k = ($tmp[2]>>4);

$meta['bitrate'] = $bit_rates[$i][$j][$k];

// sample rates

$sam_rates = array(1=>array(44100,48000,32000,0), 2=>array(22050,24000,16000,0));

$meta['samrate'] = $sam_rates[$i][$k];

$meta["padding"] = ($tmp[2] & 0x02) ? 'on' : 'off';

$meta["private"] = ($tmp[2] & 0x01) ? 'on' : 'off';

// mode & mode_ext

$k = ($tmp[3]>>6);

$channel_modes = array('stereo', 'joint stereo', 'dual channel', 'single channel');

$meta['mode'] = $channel_modes[$k];

$k = (($tmp[3]>>4) & 0x03);

$extend_modes = array('MPG_MD_LR_LR', 'MPG_MD_LR_I', 'MPG_MD_MS_LR', 'MPG_MD_MS_I');

$meta['ext_mode'] = $extend_modes[$k];

$meta['copyright'] = ($tmp[3] & 0x08) ? 'yes' : 'no';

$meta['original'] = ($tmp[3] & 0x04) ? 'yes' : 'no';

$emphasis = array('none', '50/15 microsecs', 'rreserved', 'CCITT J 17');

$k = ($tmp[3] & 0x03);

$meta['emphasis'] = $emphasis[$k];

return $meta;

}

// set v1 info

function _set_v1_info($pa)

{

// ID3v1 (simpled)

$off = -128;

if (!($tmp = $this->head1))

{

$off = 0;

$tmp['id'] = 'TAG';

$tmp['Title'] = $tmp['Artist'] = $tmp['AlbumTitle'] = $tmp['Year'] = $tmp['Description'] = '';

$tmp['Reserved'] = $tmp['Track'] = $tmp['Genre'] = 0;

}

// basic items

$items = array('Title', 'Artist', 'Copyright', 'Description', 'Year', 'AlbumTitle');

foreach ($items as $k)

{

if (isset($pa[$k])) $tmp[$k] = $pa[$k];

}

// genre index

if (isset($pa['Genre']))

{

$g = 0;

foreach ($this->genres as $gtmp)

{

if (!strcasecmp($gtmp, $pa['Genre']))

break;

$g++;

}

$tmp['Genre'] = $g;

}

if (isset($pa['Track'])) $tmp['Track'] = intval($pa['Track']);

// pack the data

$buf = pack('a3a30a30a30a4a28CCC', $tmp['id'], $tmp['Title'], $tmp['Artist'], $tmp['AlbumTitle'],

$tmp['Year'], $tmp['Description'], 0, $tmp['Track'], $tmp['Genre']);

flock($this->fd, LOCK_EX);

fseek($this->fd, $off, SEEK_END);

fwrite($this->fd, $buf, 128);

flock($this->fd, LOCK_UN);

}

// set v2 info

function _set_v2_info($pa)

{

if (!$this->head)

{ // insert ID3

return; // 没有就算了

/**

$tmp = array('id'=>'ID3','ver'=>3,'rev'=>0,'flag'=>0);

$tmp['size'] = -10; // +10 => 0

$this->head = $tmp;

$this->head_buf = '';

$this->head_off = 0;

**/

}

$items = array( 'TCOP'=>'Copyright', 'TPE1'=>'Artist', 'TIT2'=>'Title', 'TRAC'=>'Track',

'TCON'=>'Genre', 'COMM'=>'Description', 'TYER'=>'Year', 'TALB'=>'AlbumTitle');

$head_body = '';

while (true)

{

$buf = $this->_read_head_buf(10);

if (strlen($buf) != 10) break;

$tmp = unpack('a4fid/Nsize/nflag', $buf);

if ($tmp['size'] == 0) break;

$data = $this->_read_head_buf($tmp['size']);

if (($k = $items[$tmp['fid']]) && isset($pa[$k]))

{

// the data should prefix by "\0" [replace]

$data = "\0" . $pa[$k];

unset($pa[$k]);

}

$head_body .= pack('a4Nn', $tmp['fid'], strlen($data), $tmp['flag']) . $data;

}

// reverse the items & set the new tags

$items = array_flip($items);

foreach ($pa as $k => $v)

{

if ($fid = $items[$k])

{

$head_body .= pack('a4Nn', $fid, strlen($v) + 1, 0) . "\0" . $v;

}

// new length

$new_len = strlen($head_body) + 10;

$old_len = $this->head['size'] + 10;

if ($new_len

{

$head_body .= str_repeat("\0", $old_len - $new_len);

$new_len = $old_len;

}

// count the size1,2,3,4, no include the header

// 较为变态的算法... :p (28bytes integer)

$size = array();

$nlen = $new_len - 10;

for ($i = 4; $i > 0; $i--)

{

$size[$i] = ($nlen & 0x7f);

$nlen >>= 7;

}

$tmp = $this->head;

//echo "old_len : $old_len new_len: $new_len\n";

$head_buf = pack('a3CCCCCCC', $tmp['id'], $tmp['ver'], $tmp['rev'], $tmp['flag'],

$size[1], $size[2], $size[3], $size[4]);

$head_buf .= $head_body;

$this->_file_save($head_buf, $old_len, $new_len);

}

　　以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望大家能够喜欢。