Cette section explique comment créer une image native à partir d'une application Spring Boot à l'aide du générateur d'images natives de GraalVM, et comment exécuter cette image native dans un conteneur Docker.
Dans la conception de l'architecture logicielle et de l'architecture des microservices, nous devons prendre en compte l'évolutivité et les performances de notre application. Notre application doit commencer à évoluer rapidement et à utiliser la ressource efficacement chaque fois que le nombre de demandes augmente dans notre application.
J'envisage d'utiliser la compilation Spring Boot Ahead of Time (AOT) avec GraalVM pour exécuter l'exécutable dans des conteneurs, ainsi que Java Virtual Threads (disponibles dans JDK 21 et versions ultérieures).
Dans cette décision de conception architecturale, nous obtenons des avantages, mais devons également prendre en compte les défis de mise en œuvre et les considérations de conception suivants :
Application Spring Boot
Pour tester ce cas d'utilisation, je construis une application Spring Boot qui expose un point de terminaison REST à "/hello". J'utilise la configuration, les bibliothèques et les outils suivants :
Nous devons ajouter la configuration suivante dans le fichier XML POM.
Configuration de la propriété Spring Boot
<properties> <java.version>22</java.version> <spring-native.version>0.12.1</spring-native.version> </properties>
Configuration du plugin Spring Boot AOT
<plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>process-aot</id> <goals> <goal>process-aot</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin>
Configuration du plugin GraalVM
<plugin> <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId> <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <imageName>app-native-binary</imageName> <metadataRepository> <enabled>true</enabled> </metadataRepository> <buildArgs> <buildArg>--static --libc=musl</buildArg> <buildArg>-H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces</buildArg> </buildArgs> <mainClass>com.developerhelperhub.tutorial.springboot.tutorial.TutorialStartupPerformanceApplication</mainClass> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>add-reachability-metadata</id> <goals> <goal>add-reachability-metadata</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin>
Nous devons créer l'image native pour l'hôte du système d'exploitation et l'architecture du processeur spécifiques où l'image native s'exécutera dans le conteneur.
Nous utilisons Alpine Linux pour sa petite taille, sa simplicité et sa sécurité pour exécuter notre application dans le conteneur. Pour y parvenir, nous devons utiliser la configuration GraalVM appropriée pour créer notre application. La configuration système requise pour Alpine est le système d'exploitation et l'architecture du processeur.
La commande suivante que nous pouvons utiliser pour inspecter l'image « amd64/alpine »
docker pull amd64/alpine # pull the image docker image inspect amd64/alpine # inspect the image
We can use docker container to build the native image instead of setup the GraalVM and Java related configuration in our locally. I am using “ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image-community:22-muslib” docker image to build the native.
Following command we can use to inspect the “ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image-community:22-muslib” image
docker pull ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image-community:22-muslib # pull the image docker image inspect ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image-community:22-muslib # inspect the image
I am creating a build image to test and debug the container, ensuring that all configurations and services are installed correctly. This approach will help us quickly identify and resolve any issues.
Following steps are added in the docker file, the file name “DockerfileBuild”
FROM ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image-community:22-muslib as build # Install necessary tools RUN microdnf install wget RUN microdnf install xz # Install maven for build the spring boot application RUN wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/maven/maven-3/3.9.8/binaries/apache-maven-3.9.8-bin.tar.gz RUN tar xvf apache-maven-3.9.8-bin.tar.gz # Set up the environment variables needed to run the Maven command. ENV M2_HOME=/app/apache-maven-3.9.8 ENV M2=$M2_HOME/bin ENV PATH=$M2:$PATH # Install UPX (Ultimate Packer for eXecutables) to compress the executable binary and reduce its size. RUN wget https://github.com/upx/upx/releases/download/v4.2.4/upx-4.2.4-amd64_linux.tar.xz RUN tar xvf upx-4.2.4-amd64_linux.tar.xz # Set up the environment variables required to run the UPX command. ENV UPX_HOME=/app/upx-4.2.4-amd64_linux ENV PATH=$UPX_HOME:$PATH #Copy the spring boot source code into container RUN mkdir -p /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app COPY spring-boot-rest-api-app /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app #Compile the native image RUN cd /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app && mvn -Pnative native:compile #Compressed binary file RUN upx -7 -k /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app/target/app-native-binary WORKDIR /app ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash"]
I am using the UPX compression tool in the build process to reduce the image size, UPX will typically reduce the file size of programs and DLLs by around 50%-70%, thus reducing disk space, network load times, download times and other distribution and storage costs.
Use the following command to build the Docker image.
docker build --no-cache -f DockerfileBuild -t alpine-graalvm-build .
After the build is complete, the image size will be 1.85 GB.
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine-graalvm-build latest 81d23bc1bc99 36 seconds ago 1.85GB
We can verify the configuration and installation within the container before creating a smaller container inside the Alpine Linux box. The following command will allow us to enter the container:
docker run --rm -it --entrypoint /bin/bash alpine-graalvm-build java --version #verify the java version mvn --version #verify the maven version upx --version #verify the upx version ls /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app/target/app-native-binary #verify the binary available /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app/target/app-native-binary #run the executable
We know that this native image includes all the dependencies necessary to run the binary standalone, without requiring any build-related tools such as GraalVM, Maven, UPX, or source code. We can use a Docker multi-stage build approach to copy the build file into our application image. By using multiple stages, you can separate the build environment from the runtime environment. This means only the necessary artifacts are included in the final image, significantly reducing its size.
Following steps are added in the docker file, the file name “DockerfileBuildAndCreateAlpineContainer”
FROM ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image-community:22-muslib as build # Install necessary tools RUN microdnf install wget RUN microdnf install xz # Install maven for build the spring boot application RUN wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/maven/maven-3/3.9.8/binaries/apache-maven-3.9.8-bin.tar.gz RUN tar xvf apache-maven-3.9.8-bin.tar.gz # Set up the environment variables needed to run the Maven command. ENV M2_HOME=/app/apache-maven-3.9.8 ENV M2=$M2_HOME/bin ENV PATH=$M2:$PATH # Install UPX (Ultimate Packer for eXecutables) to compress the executable binary and reduce its size. RUN wget https://github.com/upx/upx/releases/download/v4.2.4/upx-4.2.4-amd64_linux.tar.xz RUN tar xvf upx-4.2.4-amd64_linux.tar.xz # Set up the environment variables required to run the UPX command. ENV UPX_HOME=/app/upx-4.2.4-amd64_linux ENV PATH=$UPX_HOME:$PATH #Copy the spring boot source code into container RUN mkdir -p /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app COPY spring-boot-rest-api-app /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app #Compile the native image RUN cd /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app && mvn -Pnative native:compile #Compressed binary file RUN upx -7 -k /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app/target/app-native-binary WORKDIR /app #Second stage: Create the runtime image FROM amd64/alpine #Set the working directory WORKDIR /app #Copy the built application from the first stage COPY --from=build /app/spring-boot-rest-api-app/target/app-native-binary . #Expose port which our spring boot application is running EXPOSE 8080 #Command to run the application ENTRYPOINT ["/app/app-native-binary"]
Use the following command to build the Docker image.
docker build -f DockerfileBuildAndCreateAlpineContainer -t alpine-graalvm .
After the build is complete, the image size of container will be 32.8MB.
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine-graalvm latest 79676c696920 11 seconds ago 32.8MB
We can verify the container.
docker run --rm -it --entrypoint sh alpine-graalvm ls /app #verify the binary available /app/app-native-binary #run the executable
The application startup time is just 0.074 seconds, whereas a typical Spring Boot application running on the JVM has a startup time of approximately 1.665 seconds.
Started TutorialStartupPerformanceApplication in 0.074 seconds (process running for 0.075)
Following command can be use to run the docker container for running the application
docker run -d --name test-app -p 8080:8080 alpine-graalvm #run the container curl http://localhost:8080/hello # checking the endpoints
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