Comprendre les composants du serveur React : un guide pratique

React Server Components (RSC) are revolutionizing how we approach server-side rendering in React applications. This guide will walk you through what they are, their benefits, and how to implement them in your projects.

What Are React Server Components?

React Server Components are a new type of component that runs exclusively on the server. They render on the server and send their output to the client, combining the benefits of server-side rendering with client-side React interactivity.

Key features:

• Server-side execution
• Direct access to server resources
• No increase in client-side bundle size
• Cannot have state or use browser-only APIs

Benefits of React Server Components

1. Improved Performance: Faster initial loads and smaller client bundles.
2. Enhanced SEO: Server-rendered content is more easily indexable.
3. Simplified Data Fetching: Direct access to server-side data sources.
4. Improved Security: Sensitive operations stay on the server.

Setting Up React Server Components

As of 2024, React Server Components are best used with frameworks like Next.js. Here's a quick setup:

1. Create a new Next.js project:

   npx create-next-app@latest my-rsc-app
   cd my-rsc-app

1. Choose to use the App Router when prompted.

2. Create a Server Component in app/ServerComponent.tsx:
   

   async function getData() {
     const res = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data')
     return res.json()
   }

   export default async function ServerComponent() {
     const data = await getData()
     return <div>{data.message}</div>
   }

1. Use it in app/page.tsx:

   import ServerComponent from './ServerComponent'

   export default function Home() {
     return (
       <main>
         <h1>Welcome to React Server Components</h1>
         <ServerComponent />
       </main>
     )
   }

1. Run your application:

   npm run dev

Implementing React Server Components

Let's create a more complex example - a blog post list fetching data from a CMS:

// app/BlogList.tsx
import { getBlogPosts } from '../lib/cms'

export default async function BlogList() {
  const posts = await getBlogPosts()

  return (
    <ul>
      {posts.map(post => (
        <li key={post.id}>
          <h2>{post.title}</h2>
          <p>{post.excerpt}</p>
        </li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  )
}

// app/page.tsx
import BlogList from './BlogList'

export default function Home() {
  return (
    <main>
      <h1>Our Blog</h1>
      <BlogList />
    </main>
  )
}

In this example, BlogList fetches data directly from the CMS on the server, improving performance and simplifying the client-side code.

Advanced Patterns

1. Mixing Server and Client Components

// ClientComponent.tsx
'use client'

import { useState } from 'react'

export default function LikeButton() {
  const [likes, setLikes] = useState(0)
  return <button onClick={() => setLikes(likes + 1)}>Likes: {likes}</button>
}

// ServerComponent.tsx
import LikeButton from './ClientComponent'

export default function BlogPost({ content }) {
  return (
    <article>
      <p>{content}</p>
      <LikeButton />
    </article>
  )
}

2. Streaming for Improved UX

import { Suspense } from 'react'
import BlogList from './BlogList'

export default function Home() {
  return (
    <main>
      <h1>Our Blog</h1>
      <Suspense fallback={<p>Loading posts...</p>}>
        <BlogList />
      </Suspense>
    </main>
  )
}

3. Error Handling

'use client'

export default function ErrorBoundary({ error, reset }) {
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Something went wrong!</h2>
      <button onClick={reset}>Try again</button>
    </div>
  )
}

// In your page file
import ErrorBoundary from './ErrorBoundary'

export default function Page() {
  return (
    <ErrorBoundary>
      <BlogList />
    </ErrorBoundary>
  )
}

Conclusion

React Server Components offer a powerful approach to building performant, SEO-friendly, and secure web applications. They represent an exciting direction for React development, allowing for server-side data fetching and rendering while maintaining the interactivity of client-side React.

As you explore Server Components, remember they're not a replacement for client-side React, but a complementary technology. Use them where they make sense in your application architecture.

We encourage you to experiment with Server Components in your projects and stay tuned for further developments in this exciting space!

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