Avertissement en Python

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Un avertissement est un message d'alerte qui ne déclenche pas d'exception et ne met pas fin au programme.

Il existe des catégories d'avertissement comme indiqué ci-dessous :

Class	Disposition
Warning	This is the base class of all warning category classes. It is a subclass of Exception.
UserWarning	The default category for warn().
DeprecationWarning	Base category for warnings about deprecated features when those warnings are intended for other Python developers (ignored by default, unless triggered by code in __main__).
SyntaxWarning	Base category for warnings about dubious syntactic features.
RuntimeWarning	Base category for warnings about dubious runtime features.
FutureWarning	Base category for warnings about deprecated features when those warnings are intended for end users of applications that are written in Python.
PendingDeprecationWarning	Base category for warnings about features that will be deprecated in the future (ignored by default).
ImportWarning	Base category for warnings triggered during the process of importing a module (ignored by default).
UnicodeWarning	Base category for warnings related to Unicode.
UnicodeWarning	Base category for warnings related to Unicode.
BytesWarning	Base category for warnings related to bytes and bytearray.
ResourceWarning	Base category for warnings related to resource usage (ignored by default).

warn() peut générer manuellement un avertissement comme indiqué ci-dessous :

*Mémos :

• Le 1er argument est message(Required-Type:str).
• Le 2ème argument estcategory(Optional-Default:None-Type:Warning). *Si ce n'est aucun, UserWarning est défini dessus.
• Le 3ème argument est stacklevel(Optional-Default:1-Type:int). *Il décide à quel code un avertissement fait référence.
• Le 4ème argument est source(Optional-Default:None-Type:Any).
• Il existe un argument skip_file_prefixes (Optional-Default:None-Type:tuple of str) : *Mémos :
  • skip_file_prefixes= doit être utilisé.
  • Le réglage manuel de None génère une erreur.

import warnings

warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.")
# UserWarning: This is a warning.
#   warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.")

warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.",
              category=None,
              stacklevel=1,
              source=None,
              skip_file_prefixes=())
# UserWarning: This is a warning.
#   warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.",

warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.",
              category=Warning)
# Warning: This is a warning.
#   warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.",

warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.",
              category=DeprecationWarning)
# DeprecationWarning: This is a warning.
#   warnings.warn(message="This is a warning.",

def test1():
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 1",
                  stacklevel=-100)
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 2",
                  stacklevel=0)
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 3",
                  stacklevel=1)
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 4",
                  stacklevel=2)
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 5",
                  stacklevel=3)
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 6",
                  stacklevel=4)
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 7",
                  stacklevel=5)
    warnings.warn(message="Warning 8",
                  stacklevel=100)
def test2():
    test1()

def test3():
    test2()
test3()
# UserWarning: Warning 1
#   warnings.warn(message="Warning 1",
# UserWarning: Warning 2
#   warnings.warn(message="Warning 2",
# UserWarning: Warning 3
#   warnings.warn(message="Warning 3",
# UserWarning: Warning 4
#   test1()
# UserWarning: Warning 5
#   test2()
# UserWarning: Warning 6
#   test3()
# UserWarning: Warning 7
#   exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
# UserWarning: Warning 8

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