Intégrer la sémantique d'accessibilité dans les widgets - Web Accessibility Initiative-tutoriel CSS-php.cn

Build Accessibility Semantics into Widgets - Web Accessibility Initiative

Le groupe de travail sur l'accessibilité du W3C a lancé la Web Accessibility Initiative pour aider les développeurs à intégrer une sémantique d'accessibilité dans les modèles et widgets Web. Les widgets sont mis en avant dans la création d'expériences accessibles. Les systèmes de conception tels que Material Design, Fluent UI et Human Interface UI sont des systèmes de conception basés sur des widgets qui sont construits avec des composants Web sur la plate-forme de navigateur et suivent de près les directives d'accessibilité Web lorsqu'ils sont traduits sur des plates-formes natives. L'utilisation de cette sémantique améliorera non seulement l'accessibilité de vos sites Web mais également votre vitesse de développement.

Avez-vous déjà eu des difficultés à créer un carrousel d'images ou un dialogue d'alerte au point que vous avez téléchargé un package depuis NPM pour le faire ? Pas plus. L’initiative d’accessibilité du Web vous soutient. Ils contiennent des exemples de widgets et de modèles que vous pouvez visualiser avec CodePen. Télécharge l'exemple dans votre projet, modifiez-le et vous avez terminé. Vous saurez comment construire un carrousel d'images et il sera accessible, sans télécharger de package depuis NPM

Exemple de carrousel d'images :

HTML

<section>



<ul>
<li>CSS
</li>
</ul>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">/* .carousel */

img.reload {
  padding: 0.25em;
  display: block-inline;
  position: relative;
  top: 6px;
  height: 0.9em;
}

.carousel {
  background-color: #eee;
  max-width: 900px;
}

.carousel .carousel-inner {
  position: relative;
}

.carousel .carousel-items {
  padding: 5px;
}

.carousel .carousel-items.focus {
  padding: 2px;
  border: solid 3px #005a9c;
}

.carousel .carousel-item {
  display: none;
  max-height: 400px;
  max-width: 900px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}

.carousel .carousel-item.active {
  display: block;
}

/* More like bootstrap, less accessible */

.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-image a img {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}

.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a {
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a,
.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 6px;
  background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 65%);
  border-radius: 5px;
  border: 0 solid transparent;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items .carousel-image a {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 5px;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: none;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 6px;
  color: black;
  background-color: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast,
.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast:hover {
  background-color: transparent;
}

.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:hover,
.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption span.contrast:hover {
  background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 100%);
}

.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:focus {
  padding: 4px;
  border: 2px solid #fff;
  background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 100%);
  outline: none;
  border-width: 2px solid #fff;
  color: #fff;
}

.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption p {
  font-size: 1em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.carousel .carousel-item .carousel-caption {
  position: absolute;
  right: 15%;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 15%;
  padding-top: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  color: #fff;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Shared CSS for Pause, Previous and Next Buttons */

.carousel .controls {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: absolute;
  top: 1em;
  z-index: 10;
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0.25em 1.25em 0;
}

.carousel .controls button {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 10;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  outline: none;
}

.carousel .controls button.previous {
  right: 70px;
}

.carousel .controls button.next {
  right: 18px;
}

/* SVG Controls */

.carousel .controls svg .background {
  stroke: black;
  fill: black;
  stroke-width: 1px;
  opacity: 0.6;
}

.carousel .controls svg .border {
  fill: transparent;
  stroke: transparent;
  stroke-width: 2px;
}

.carousel .controls svg .pause {
  stroke-width: 4;
  fill: transparent;
  stroke: transparent;
}

.carousel .controls svg .play {
  stroke-width: 1;
  fill: transparent;
  stroke: transparent;
}

.carousel .controls .pause svg .pause {
  fill: white;
  stroke: white;
}

.carousel .controls .play svg .play {
  fill: white;
  stroke: white;
}

.carousel .controls svg polygon {
  fill: white;
  stroke: white;
}

.carousel .controls button:focus svg .background,
.carousel .controls button:hover svg .background,
.carousel .controls button:hover svg .border {
  fill: #005a9c;
  stroke: #005a9c;
  opacity: 1;
}

.carousel .controls button:focus svg .border {
  stroke: white;
}

/* More accessible carousel styles, with caption and controls above/below image */

.carousel-moreaccessible {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
  border: #eee solid 4px;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

/* Shared CSS for Pause and Tab Controls */

.carousel-moreaccessible .controls {
  position: relative;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  padding: 0.25em 0.25em 0;
}

.carousel.carousel-moreaccessible .controls {
  position: static;
  height: 36px;
}

.carousel.carousel-moreaccessible .controls button.previous {
  right: 60px;
}

.carousel.carousel-moreaccessible .controls button.next {
  right: 6px;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items,
.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items.focus {
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-items.focus .carousel-image a {
  padding: 2px;
  border: 3px solid #005a9c;
}

/* More accessible caption styling */

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  max-height: none;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption {
  position: static;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  height: 60px;
  color: black;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption p {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption h3 {
  font-size: 1.1em;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:hover {
  background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 20%);
}

.carousel-moreaccessible .carousel-item .carousel-caption a:focus {
  padding: 4px;
  border: 2px solid #005a9c;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: black;
  outline: none;
}

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/*
 *   File:   carousel-prev-next.js
 *
 *   Desc:   Carousel widget with Previous and Next Buttons that implements ARIA Authoring Practices
 *
 */

'use strict';

var CarouselPreviousNext = function (node, options) {
  // merge passed options with defaults
  options = Object.assign(
    { moreaccessible: false, paused: false, norotate: false },
    options || {}
  );

  // a prefers-reduced-motion user setting must always override autoplay
  var hasReducedMotion = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)');
  if (hasReducedMotion.matches) {
    options.paused = true;
  }

  /* DOM properties */
  this.domNode = node;

  this.carouselItemNodes = node.querySelectorAll('.carousel-item');

  this.containerNode = node.querySelector('.carousel-items');
  this.liveRegionNode = node.querySelector('.carousel-items');
  this.pausePlayButtonNode = null;
  this.previousButtonNode = null;
  this.nextButtonNode = null;

  this.playLabel = 'Start automatic slide show';
  this.pauseLabel = 'Stop automatic slide show';

  /* State properties */
  this.hasUserActivatedPlay = false; // set when the user activates the play/pause button
  this.isAutoRotationDisabled = options.norotate; // This property for disabling auto rotation
  this.isPlayingEnabled = !options.paused; // This property is also set in updatePlaying method
  this.timeInterval = 5000; // length of slide rotation in ms
  this.currentIndex = 0; // index of current slide
  this.slideTimeout = null; // save reference to setTimeout

  // Pause Button

  var elem = document.querySelector('.carousel .controls button.rotation');
  if (elem) {
    this.pausePlayButtonNode = elem;
    this.pausePlayButtonNode.addEventListener(
      'click',
      this.handlePausePlayButtonClick.bind(this)
    );
  }

  // Previous Button

  elem = document.querySelector('.carousel .controls button.previous');
  if (elem) {
    this.previousButtonNode = elem;
    this.previousButtonNode.addEventListener(
      'click',
      this.handlePreviousButtonClick.bind(this)
    );
    this.previousButtonNode.addEventListener(
      'focus',
      this.handleFocusIn.bind(this)
    );
    this.previousButtonNode.addEventListener(
      'blur',
      this.handleFocusOut.bind(this)
    );
  }

  // Next Button

  elem = document.querySelector('.carousel .controls button.next');
  if (elem) {
    this.nextButtonNode = elem;
    this.nextButtonNode.addEventListener(
      'click',
      this.handleNextButtonClick.bind(this)
    );
    this.nextButtonNode.addEventListener(
      'focus',
      this.handleFocusIn.bind(this)
    );
    this.nextButtonNode.addEventListener(
      'blur',
      this.handleFocusOut.bind(this)
    );
  }

  // Carousel item events

  for (var i = 0; i < this.carouselItemNodes.length; i++) {
    var carouselItemNode = this.carouselItemNodes[i];

    // support stopping rotation when any element receives focus in the tabpanel
    carouselItemNode.addEventListener('focusin', this.handleFocusIn.bind(this));
    carouselItemNode.addEventListener(
      'focusout',
      this.handleFocusOut.bind(this)
    );

    var imageLinkNode = carouselItemNode.querySelector('.carousel-image a');

    if (imageLinkNode) {
      imageLinkNode.addEventListener(
        'focus',
        this.handleImageLinkFocus.bind(this)
      );
      imageLinkNode.addEventListener(
        'blur',
        this.handleImageLinkBlur.bind(this)
      );
    }
  }

  // Handle hover events
  this.domNode.addEventListener('mouseover', this.handleMouseOver.bind(this));
  this.domNode.addEventListener('mouseout', this.handleMouseOut.bind(this));

  // initialize behavior based on options

  this.enableOrDisableAutoRotation(options.norotate);
  this.updatePlaying(!options.paused && !options.norotate);
  this.setAccessibleStyling(options.moreaccessible);
  this.rotateSlides();
};

/* Public function to disable/enable rotation and if false, hide pause/play button*/
CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.enableOrDisableAutoRotation = function (
  disable
) {
  this.isAutoRotationDisabled = disable;
  this.pausePlayButtonNode.hidden = disable;
};

/* Public function to update controls/caption styling */
CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.setAccessibleStyling = function (accessible) {
  if (accessible) {
    this.domNode.classList.add('carousel-moreaccessible');
  } else {
    this.domNode.classList.remove('carousel-moreaccessible');
  }
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.showCarouselItem = function (index) {
  this.currentIndex = index;

  for (var i = 0; i < this.carouselItemNodes.length; i++) {
    var carouselItemNode = this.carouselItemNodes[i];
    if (index === i) {
      carouselItemNode.classList.add('active');
    } else {
      carouselItemNode.classList.remove('active');
    }
  }
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.previousCarouselItem = function () {
  var nextIndex = this.currentIndex - 1;
  if (nextIndex < 0) {
    nextIndex = this.carouselItemNodes.length - 1;
  }
  this.showCarouselItem(nextIndex);
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.nextCarouselItem = function () {
  var nextIndex = this.currentIndex + 1;
  if (nextIndex >= this.carouselItemNodes.length) {
    nextIndex = 0;
  }
  this.showCarouselItem(nextIndex);
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.rotateSlides = function () {
  if (!this.isAutoRotationDisabled) {
    if (
      (!this.hasFocus && !this.hasHover && this.isPlayingEnabled) ||
      this.hasUserActivatedPlay
    ) {
      this.nextCarouselItem();
    }
  }

  this.slideTimeout = setTimeout(
    this.rotateSlides.bind(this),
    this.timeInterval
  );
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.updatePlaying = function (play) {
  this.isPlayingEnabled = play;

  if (play) {
    this.pausePlayButtonNode.setAttribute('aria-label', this.pauseLabel);
    this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.remove('play');
    this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.add('pause');
    this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'off');
  } else {
    this.pausePlayButtonNode.setAttribute('aria-label', this.playLabel);
    this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.remove('pause');
    this.pausePlayButtonNode.classList.add('play');
    this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'polite');
  }
};

/* Event Handlers */

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleImageLinkFocus = function () {
  this.liveRegionNode.classList.add('focus');
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleImageLinkBlur = function () {
  this.liveRegionNode.classList.remove('focus');
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleMouseOver = function (event) {
  if (!this.pausePlayButtonNode.contains(event.target)) {
    this.hasHover = true;
  }
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleMouseOut = function () {
  this.hasHover = false;
};

/* EVENT HANDLERS */

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handlePausePlayButtonClick = function () {
  this.hasUserActivatedPlay = !this.isPlayingEnabled;
  this.updatePlaying(!this.isPlayingEnabled);
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handlePreviousButtonClick = function () {
  this.previousCarouselItem();
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleNextButtonClick = function () {
  this.nextCarouselItem();
};

/* Event Handlers for carousel items*/

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleFocusIn = function () {
  this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'polite');
  this.hasFocus = true;
};

CarouselPreviousNext.prototype.handleFocusOut = function () {
  if (this.isPlayingEnabled) {
    this.liveRegionNode.setAttribute('aria-live', 'off');
  }
  this.hasFocus = false;
};

/* Initialize Carousel and options */

window.addEventListener(
  'load',
  function () {
    var carouselEls = document.querySelectorAll('.carousel');
    var carousels = [];

    // set example behavior based on
    // default setting of the checkboxes and the parameters in the URL
    // update checkboxes based on any corresponding URL parameters
    var checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll(
      '.carousel-options input[type=checkbox]'
    );
    var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(location.search);
    var carouselOptions = {};

    // initialize example features based on
    // default setting of the checkboxes and the parameters in the URL
    // update checkboxes based on any corresponding URL parameters
    checkboxes.forEach(function (checkbox) {
      var checked = checkbox.checked;

      if (urlParams.has(checkbox.value)) {
        var urlParam = urlParams.get(checkbox.value);
        if (typeof urlParam === 'string') {
          checked = urlParam === 'true';
          checkbox.checked = checked;
        }
      }

      carouselOptions[checkbox.value] = checkbox.checked;
    });

    carouselEls.forEach(function (node) {
      carousels.push(new CarouselPreviousNext(node, carouselOptions));
    });

    // add change event to checkboxes
    checkboxes.forEach(function (checkbox) {
      var updateEvent;
      switch (checkbox.value) {
        case 'moreaccessible':
          updateEvent = 'setAccessibleStyling';
          break;
        case 'norotate':
          updateEvent = 'enableOrDisableAutoRotation';
          break;
      }

      // update the carousel behavior and URL when a checkbox state changes
      checkbox.addEventListener('change', function (event) {
        urlParams.set(event.target.value, event.target.checked + '');
        window.history.replaceState(
          null,
          '',
          window.location.pathname + '?' + urlParams
        );

        if (updateEvent) {
          carousels.forEach(function (carousel) {
            carousel[updateEvent](event.target.checked);
          });
        }
      });
    });
  },
  false
);

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Voici les liens vers la documentation :

https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/

https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/practices/

Voici la documentation du Mozilla Developer Network :

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API

Construisez avec la plate-forme de navigateur. Construisez avec les normes du Web. Créez des expériences accessibles. Construisez avec des composants Web. Construire sans cadre.

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