浅谈如何利用PHP访问和操作DOM(1)_PHP教程-tutoriel php-php.cn

DOM树定义了文档的逻辑结构，以及控制你访问和操作这些文档的方法。使用DOM，开发人员可以创建XML或HTML文档，操作它们的结果，增加、修改和删除文档元素及内容。可以从任何编程语言访问DOM，本文使用PHP 5 DOM扩展，它是PHP核心的一部分，因此除了PHP外，不需要安装其它软件。
DOM树节点遵循XML命名规范，如：
1、Document节点 -- 表示DOMDocument接口
2、Element节点 -- 表示DOMElement接口
3、Attribute节点 -- 表示DOMAttr接口
4、Comment节点 -- 表示DOMComment接口
5、Text节点 -- 表示DOMText接口
提取元素
这一小节介绍如何从DOM树中提取元素和值，本文使用Book.xml作为例子进行说明，其内容如清单1所示。
清单1 Book.xml
<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-" name>xml</span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">version</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"1.0"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">encoding</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"UTF-8"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">standalone</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"yes"</font></span><span> </span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span> </span></span></li>
<li>
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>book</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><span class="comments"><font color="#008200"><!--XML Processing [part I] --></font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span> </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>name</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>XML Processing I</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">name</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>  </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">author</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>John Smith Jr.</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">author</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>  </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">publisher</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>HisOwnTM</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-" name>publisher</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>  </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">ISBN</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>111-222-333-4441</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">ISBN</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>  </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">contents</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>chapter_I</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>What is XML about ?</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>content</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a ...</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">content</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">chapter_I</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>chapter_II</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>SAX</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-" name>title</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>content</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>SAX is a simple API for ...</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">content</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>   </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">chapter_II</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>chapter_III</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>StAX</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-" name>title</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>content</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>Much powerful and flexible, StAX, is very...</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">content</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">chapter_III</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>chapter_IV</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>DOM </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">subtitle</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>DOM concept  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>          </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">continut</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>Starting to use DOM...</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">continut</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag">subtitle</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>        </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">subchapter_IV_I</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>         </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>First DOM application...</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>          </span><st rong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">content</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font><span>Here it is your first DOM application...</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">content</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span><li class="alt">
<span>        </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag">subchapter_IV_I</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>      </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>              </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-" name>chapter_IV</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>           </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>    </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-" name>end</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>The end...</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">end</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>           </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>  </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">contents</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li>
<li>
<span></span><span class="comments"><font color="#008200"><!-- See you in XML Processing [part II] --></font></span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">book</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span> </span>
</li></st>
</li>
</ol>
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