python获取本地时间/日期格式化

获取当前时间：

Python代码  

import time
print time.time() #获取当前时间
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d  %X ") #获取当前时间（按照指定格式）

用time.localtime()方法，作用是格式化时间戳为本地的时间：

Python代码

import  time
print time.localtime(time.time())

输出结果：time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=513, tm_hour=15, tm_min=48, tm_sec=28, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=309, tm_isdst=0)

现在看起来更有希望格式成我们想要的时间了。
time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime(time.time()))

Python代码

import time
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime(time.time()))

最后用time.strftime()方法，把刚才的一大串信息格式化成我们想要的东西，现在的结果是：2015-11-05

ime.strftime里面有很多参数，可以让你能够更随意的输出自己想要的东西：
下面是time.strftime的参数：

strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
将指定的struct_time(默认为当前时间)，根据指定的格式化字符串输出

1,python中时间日期格式化符号：

%y 两位数的年份表示（00-99）
%Y 四位数的年份表示（000-9999）
%m 月份（01-12）
%d 月内中的一天（0-31）
%H 24小时制小时数（0-23）
%I 12小时制小时数（01-12）
%M 分钟数（00=59）
%S 秒（00-59）
%a 本地简化星期名称
%A 本地完整星期名称
%b 本地简化的月份名称
%B 本地完整的月份名称
%c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示
%j 年内的一天（001-366）
%p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符
%U 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期天为星期的开始
%w 星期（0-6），星期天为星期的开始
%W 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期一为星期的开始
%x 本地相应的日期表示
%X 本地相应的时间表示
%Z 当前时区的名称
%% %号本身

2. 计算时间差：

Python代码

#coding=utf-8
import time
import datetime
d1 = datetime.datetime(2013,6,9)
d2 = datetime.datetime(2015, 11,5)

print (d1 - d2).days

输出结果是：879

3.计算运行时间差：

Python代码

#coding=utf-8
<pre>
import time
import datetime

starttime = datetime.datetime.now()

time.sleep(3)

endtime = datetime.datetime.now()
print (endtime - starttime).seconds <strong> </strong>

输出结果是：3

4，计算十天后的日期时间：

Python代码

#coding=utf-8

import time
import datetime

d1 = datetime.datetime.now()
d3 = d1 + datetime.timedelta(days =10)

print str(d3)
print d3.ctime()<strong>  </strong>

输出结果：

2015-11-15 14:44:04.291000
Sun Nov 15 14:44:04 2015

5，阳历转阴历

#! -*- encoding: GBK -*-

import re
import math
import time
import os

MONTH_NAME = ["", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]
MONTH_DAYS = [0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31];

LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE = [
    0x04AE53,0x0A5748,0x5526BD,0x0D2650,0x0D9544,0x46AAB9,0x056A4D,0x09AD42,0x24AEB6,0x04AE4A, # //*1901-1910*/
    0x6A4DBE,0x0A4D52,0x0D2546,0x5D52BA,0x0B544E,0x0D6A43,0x296D37,0x095B4B,0x749BC1,0x049754, # //*1911-1920*/
    0x0A4B48,0x5B25BC,0x06A550,0x06D445,0x4ADAB8,0x02B64D,0x095742,0x2497B7,0x04974A,0x664B3E, # //*1921-1930*/
    0x0D4A51,0x0EA546,0x56D4BA,0x05AD4E,0x02B644,0x393738,0x092E4B,0x7C96BF,0x0C9553,0x0D4A48, # //*1931-1940*/
    0x6DA53B,0x0B554F,0x056A45,0x4AADB9,0x025D4D,0x092D42,0x2C95B6,0x0A954A,0x7B4ABD,0x06CA51, # //*1941-1950*/
    0x0B5546,0x555ABB,0x04DA4E,0x0A5B43,0x352BB8,0x052B4C,0x8A953F,0x0E9552,0x06AA48,0x6AD53C, # //*1951-1960*/
    0x0AB54F,0x04B645,0x4A5739,0x0A574D,0x052642,0x3E9335,0x0D9549,0x75AABE,0x056A51,0x096D46, # //*1961-1970*/
    0x54AEBB,0x04AD4F,0x0A4D43,0x4D26B7,0x0D254B,0x8D52BF,0x0B5452,0x0B6A47,0x696D3C,0x095B50, # //*1971-1980*/
    0x049B45,0x4A4BB9,0x0A4B4D,0xAB25C2,0x06A554,0x06D449,0x6ADA3D,0x0AB651,0x093746,0x5497BB, # //*1981-1990*/
    0x04974F,0x064B44,0x36A537,0x0EA54A,0x86B2BF,0x05AC53,0x0AB647,0x5936BC,0x092E50,0x0C9645, # //*1991-2000*/
    0x4D4AB8,0x0D4A4C,0x0DA541,0x25AAB6,0x056A49,0x7AADBD,0x025D52,0x092D47,0x5C95BA,0x0A954E, # //*2001-2010*/
    0x0B4A43,0x4B5537,0x0AD54A,0x955ABF,0x04BA53,0x0A5B48,0x652BBC,0x052B50,0x0A9345,0x474AB9, # //*2011-2020*/
    0x06AA4C,0x0AD541,0x24DAB6,0x04B64A,0x69573D,0x0A4E51,0x0D2646,0x5E933A,0x0D534D,0x05AA43, # //*2021-2030*/
    0x36B537,0x096D4B,0xB4AEBF,0x04AD53,0x0A4D48,0x6D25BC,0x0D254F,0x0D5244,0x5DAA38,0x0B5A4C, # //*2031-2040*/
    0x056D41,0x24ADB6,0x049B4A,0x7A4BBE,0x0A4B51,0x0AA546,0x5B52BA,0x06D24E,0x0ADA42,0x355B37, # //*2041-2050*/
    0x09374B,0x8497C1,0x049753,0x064B48,0x66A53C,0x0EA54F,0x06B244,0x4AB638,0x0AAE4C,0x092E42, # //*2051-2060*/
    0x3C9735,0x0C9649,0x7D4ABD,0x0D4A51,0x0DA545,0x55AABA,0x056A4E,0x0A6D43,0x452EB7,0x052D4B, # //*2061-2070*/
    0x8A95BF,0x0A9553,0x0B4A47,0x6B553B,0x0AD54F,0x055A45,0x4A5D38,0x0A5B4C,0x052B42,0x3A93B6, # //*2071-2080*/
    0x069349,0x7729BD,0x06AA51,0x0AD546,0x54DABA,0x04B64E,0x0A5743,0x452738,0x0D264A,0x8E933E, # //*2081-2090*/
    0x0D5252,0x0DAA47,0x66B53B,0x056D4F,0x04AE45,0x4A4EB9,0x0A4D4C,0x0D1541,0x2D92B5           # //*2091-2099*/
]
# 下面的三个表格是农历数据表 LunarCalendarTable 的结构。总共使用了32位整数的0～23位。
#
# 6 5                4 3 2 1 0
# 表示春节的公历月份 表示春节的公历日期
#
# 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10  9  8  7
# 1   2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13
# 农历1-13 月大小 。月份对应位为1，农历月大(30 天),为0 表示小(29 天)
#
# 23 22 21 20
# 表示当年闰月月份，值为0 为则表示当年无闰月。

def get_month_days(year, month):
  global MONTH_DAYS;
  if(month==2):
    if(((year%4 == 0) and (year%100 != 0)) or (year%400 == 0)):
      return 29
    else:
      return 28
  else:
    return(MONTH_DAYS[month]);

def get_syear_days(syear):
  if(((syear%4 == 0) and (syear%100 != 0)) or (syear%400 == 0)):
    return 366
  else:
    return 365

def get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday):
  """ get given day's number of sun year """
  days = 0
  for i in range(1, smonth):
    days += get_month_days(syear, i)
  days += sday
  return days

def get_days_of_lyear(syear, smonth, sday):
  """ get given day's number of the lunar year """
  global LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE
  lyear = syear
  spring_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901] & 0x60) >> 5
  spring_day = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901] & 0x1F)
  if ((spring_month > smonth) or ((spring_month == smonth) and (spring_day > sday))):
    # the day is before spring festival day, and is previous day in lunar year
    spring_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901 - 1] & 0x60) >> 5
    spring_day = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901 - 1] & 0x1F)
    lyear -= 1
    lunar_days = get_syear_days(lyear) + get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday) \
        - get_days_of_syear(lyear, spring_month, spring_day)
  else:
    lunar_days = get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday)  \
        -  get_days_of_syear(syear, spring_month, spring_day)
  lunar_days += 1 # consider current day
  return (lyear, lunar_days)

def get_lunar_date(syear, smonth, sday):
  if syear < 1901 or syear > 2099:
    return
  # lunar year, lunar days to spring festival
  lyear, lunar_days = get_days_of_lyear(syear, smonth, sday);
  l_double_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[lyear-1901] >> 20 ) & 0xF

  lmonth = lday = 1
  bits = 19
  month_begin_day = 0
  for lmonth in range(1, 14):
    l_month_big = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[lyear-1901] >> bits) & 0x1
    if month_begin_day + 29 + l_month_big < lunar_days:
      lmonth += 1
      month_begin_day += 29 + l_month_big
    else:
      lday = lunar_days - month_begin_day
      break
    bits -= 1
  if l_double_month:
    # lunar double month adjust
    if l_double_month == lmonth - 1:
      lmonth -= 1
      lmonth += 100  # double month
    elif l_double_month < lmonth - 1:
      lmonth -= 1
  return (lyear, lmonth, lday)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    y,m,d = 2010, 9, 28
    print "Sun calendar 2010-9-28 == Lunar calendar ",  get_lunar_date(y,m,d)

输出结果：

Sun calendar 2010-9-28 == Lunar calendar (2010, 8, 21)

Python版的农历日历Calendar：

#coding=utf-8

#参见：http://download.csdn.net/source/1178

#******************************************************************************
# 下面为阴历计算所需的数据,为节省存储空间,所以采用下面比较变态的存储方法.
#******************************************************************************
#数组g_lunar_month_day存入阴历1901年到2050年每年中的月天数信息，
#阴历每月只能是29或30天，一年用12（或13）个二进制位表示，对应位为1表30天，否则为29天
g_lunar_month_day = [
    0x4ae0, 0xa570, 0x5268, 0xd260, 0xd950, 0x6aa8, 0x56a0, 0x9ad0, 0x4ae8, 0x4ae0,   #1910
    0xa4d8, 0xa4d0, 0xd250, 0xd548, 0xb550, 0x56a0, 0x96d0, 0x95b0, 0x49b8, 0x49b0,   #1920
    0xa4b0, 0xb258, 0x6a50, 0x6d40, 0xada8, 0x2b60, 0x9570, 0x4978, 0x4970, 0x64b0,   #1930
    0xd4a0, 0xea50, 0x6d48, 0x5ad0, 0x2b60, 0x9370, 0x92e0, 0xc968, 0xc950, 0xd4a0,   #1940
    0xda50, 0xb550, 0x56a0, 0xaad8, 0x25d0, 0x92d0, 0xc958, 0xa950, 0xb4a8, 0x6ca0,   #1950
    0xb550, 0x55a8, 0x4da0, 0xa5b0, 0x52b8, 0x52b0, 0xa950, 0xe950, 0x6aa0, 0xad50,   #1960
    0xab50, 0x4b60, 0xa570, 0xa570, 0x5260, 0xe930, 0xd950, 0x5aa8, 0x56a0, 0x96d0,   #1970
    0x4ae8, 0x4ad0, 0xa4d0, 0xd268, 0xd250, 0xd528, 0xb540, 0xb6a0, 0x96d0, 0x95b0,   #1980
    0x49b0, 0xa4b8, 0xa4b0, 0xb258, 0x6a50, 0x6d40, 0xada0, 0xab60, 0x9370, 0x4978,   #1990
    0x4970, 0x64b0, 0x6a50, 0xea50, 0x6b28, 0x5ac0, 0xab60, 0x9368, 0x92e0, 0xc960,   #2000
    0xd4a8, 0xd4a0, 0xda50, 0x5aa8, 0x56a0, 0xaad8, 0x25d0, 0x92d0, 0xc958, 0xa950,   #2010
    0xb4a0, 0xb550, 0xb550, 0x55a8, 0x4ba0, 0xa5b0, 0x52b8, 0x52b0, 0xa930, 0x74a8,   #2020
    0x6aa0, 0xad50, 0x4da8, 0x4b60, 0x9570, 0xa4e0, 0xd260, 0xe930, 0xd530, 0x5aa0,   #2030
    0x6b50, 0x96d0, 0x4ae8, 0x4ad0, 0xa4d0, 0xd258, 0xd250, 0xd520, 0xdaa0, 0xb5a0,   #2040
    0x56d0, 0x4ad8, 0x49b0, 0xa4b8, 0xa4b0, 0xaa50, 0xb528, 0x6d20, 0xada0, 0x55b0,   #2050
]

#数组gLanarMonth存放阴历1901年到2050年闰月的月份，如没有则为0，每字节存两年
g_lunar_month = [
    0x00, 0x50, 0x04, 0x00, 0x20,   #1910
    0x60, 0x05, 0x00, 0x20, 0x70,   #1920
    0x05, 0x00, 0x40, 0x02, 0x06,   #1930
    0x00, 0x50, 0x03, 0x07, 0x00,   #1940
    0x60, 0x04, 0x00, 0x20, 0x70,   #1950
    0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x06,   #1960
    0x00, 0x40, 0x03, 0x07, 0x00,   #1970
    0x50, 0x04, 0x08, 0x00, 0x60,   #1980
    0x04, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x60, 0x05,   #1990
    0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x05, 0x00,   #2000
    0x40, 0x02, 0x07, 0x00, 0x50,   #2010
    0x04, 0x09, 0x00, 0x60, 0x04,   #2020
    0x00, 0x20, 0x60, 0x05, 0x00,   #2030
    0x30, 0xb0, 0x06, 0x00, 0x50,   #2040
    0x02, 0x07, 0x00, 0x50, 0x03    #2050
]

#==================================================================================

from datetime import date, datetime
from calendar import Calendar as Cal

START_YEAR = 1901

def is_leap_year(tm):
    y = tm.year
    return (not (y % 4)) and (y % 100) or (not (y % 400))

def show_month(tm):
    (ly, lm, ld) = get_ludar_date(tm)
    print
    print u"%d年%d月%d日" % (tm.year, tm.month, tm.day), week_str(tm),
    print u"\t农历：", y_lunar(ly), m_lunar(lm), d_lunar(ld)
    print
    print u"日\t一\t二\t三\t四\t五\t六"

    c = Cal()
    ds = [d for d in c.itermonthdays(tm.year, tm.month)]
    count = 0
    for d in ds:
        count += 1
        if d == 0:
            print "\t",
            continue

        (ly, lm, ld) = get_ludar_date(datetime(tm.year, tm.month, d))
        if count % 7 == 0:
            print

        d_str = str(d)
        if d == tm.day:
            d_str = u"*" + d_str
        print d_str + d_lunar(ld) + u"\t",
    print

def this_month():
    show_month(datetime.now())

def week_str(tm):
    a = u'星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 星期日'.split()
    return a[tm.weekday()]

def d_lunar(ld):
    a = u'初一 初二 初三 初四 初五 初六 初七 初八 初九 初十 十一 十二 十三 十四 十五 十六 十七 十八 十九 廿十  廿一 廿二 廿三 廿四 廿五 廿六 廿七 廿八 廿九 三十'.split()
    return a[ld - 1]

def m_lunar(lm):
    a = u'正月 二月 三月 四月 五月 六月 七月 八月 九月 十月 十一月 十二月'.split()
    return a[lm - 1]

def y_lunar(ly):
    y = ly
    tg = u'甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 己 庚 辛 壬 癸'.split()
    dz = u'子 丑 寅 卯 辰 巳 午 未 申 酉 戌 亥'.split()
    sx = u'鼠 牛 虎 免 龙 蛇 马 羊 猴 鸡 狗 猪'.split()
    return tg[(y - 4) % 10] + dz[(y - 4) % 12] + u' ' + sx[(y - 4) % 12] + u'年'

def date_diff(tm):
    return (tm - datetime(1901, 1, 1)).days

def get_leap_month(lunar_year):
    flag = g_lunar_month[(lunar_year - START_YEAR) / 2]
    if (lunar_year - START_YEAR) % 2:
        return flag & 0x0f
    else:
        return flag >> 4

def lunar_month_days(lunar_year, lunar_month):
    if (lunar_year < START_YEAR):
        return 30

    high, low = 0, 29
    iBit = 16 - lunar_month;

    if (lunar_month > get_leap_month(lunar_year) and get_leap_month(lunar_year)):
        iBit -= 1

    if (g_lunar_month_day[lunar_year - START_YEAR] & (1 << iBit)):
        low += 1

    if (lunar_month == get_leap_month(lunar_year)):
        if (g_lunar_month_day[lunar_year - START_YEAR] & (1 << (iBit -1))):
             high = 30
        else:
             high = 29

    return (high, low)

def lunar_year_days(year):
    days = 0
    for i in range(1, 13):
        (high, low) = lunar_month_days(year, i)
        days += high
        days += low
    return days

def get_ludar_date(tm):
    span_days = date_diff(tm)

    #阳历1901年2月19日为阴历1901年正月初一
    #阳历1901年1月1日到2月19日共有49天
    if (span_days <49):
        year = START_YEAR - 1
        if (span_days <19):
          month = 11;
          day = 11 + span_days
        else:
            month = 12;
            day = span_days - 18
        return (year, month, day)

    #下面从阴历1901年正月初一算起
    span_days -= 49
    year, month, day = START_YEAR, 1, 1
    #计算年
    tmp = lunar_year_days(year)
    while span_days >= tmp:
        span_days -= tmp
        year += 1
        tmp = lunar_year_days(year)

    #计算月
    (foo, tmp) = lunar_month_days(year, month)
    while span_days >= tmp:
        span_days -= tmp
        if (month == get_leap_month(year)):
            (tmp, foo) = lunar_month_days(year, month)
            if (span_days < tmp):
                return (0, 0, 0)
            span_days -= tmp
        month += 1
        (foo, tmp) = lunar_month_days(year, month)

    #计算日
    day += span_days
    return (year, month, day)

#功能简单，只打印当月的
this_month()

输出结果：

2015年11月5日 星期四 农历： 乙未 羊年 九月 廿四


日一二三四 五六

1廿十2廿一 3廿二4廿三 *5廿四6廿五 7廿六
8廿七9廿八 10廿九11三十 12初一13初二 14初三
15初四16初五 17初六18初七 19初八20初九 21初十
22十一23十二 24十三25十四 26十五27十六 28十七
29十八30十九

计算年龄：

from time import *
#a function to find your age
def age():
    print "Enter Your Date of Birth"
    d=input("Day:")
    m=input("Month:")
    y=input("Year:")
    #get the current time in tuple format
    a=gmtime()
    #difference in day
    dd=a[2]-d
    #difference in month
    dm=a[1]-m
    #difference in year
    dy=a[0]-y
    #checks if difference in day is negative
    if dd<0:
        dd=dd+30
        dm=dm-1
        #checks if difference in month is negative when difference in day is also negative
        if dm<0:
            dm=dm+12
            dy=dy-1
    #checks if difference in month is negative when difference in day is positive
    if dm<0:
        dm=dm+12
        dy=dy-1
    print "Your current age is %s Years %s Months & %s Days"%(dy,dm,dd)

age()