在MySQL存储过程的语句中有三个标准的循环方式:WHILE循环,LOOP循环以及REPEAT循环。还有一种非标准的循环方式:GOTO,不过这种循环方式最好别用,很容易引起程序的混乱,在这里就不错具体介绍了。
这几个循环语句的格式如下:
WHILE……DO……END WHILE
REPEAT……UNTIL END REPEAT
LOOP……END LOOP
GOTO。
1 有输入参数
DELIMITER $$
USE `vitigu`$$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `demo2`$$
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `demo2`(IN sid INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE stuid INT;
SELECT username FROM student WHERE id=sid;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
2 无输入参数
DELIMITER $$
USE `vitigu`$$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `CursorDemo1`$$
CREATE PROCEDURE `vitigu`.`CursorDemo1`()
BEGIN
DECLARE stu_name VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE stu_age VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE cur_name CURSOR FOR SELECT username,age FROM `vitigu`.`student`;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE '02000' SET done =1;
OPEN cur_name;
FETCH cur_name INTO stu_name,stu_age;
WHILE(done1)
DO
SELECT stu_name,stu_age;
FETCH cur_name INTO stu_name,stu_age;
END WHILE;
CLOSE cur_name;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
一、创建存储过程和函数1、创建存储过程的基本形式:create procedure sp_name([proc_parameter[,…]])[characteristic…]routine_body
例子:创建一个名为num_from_employee的存储过程delimiter &&create procedure num_from_employee(in emp_id int,out count_num int)reads sql databeginselect count(*) into count_numfrom employeewhere d_id=emp_id;end&&
2、创建存储函数create function sp_name([func_parameter[,…]])returns type[characteristic…]routine_body
例子:创建一个名为name_from_employee的存储过程delimiter &&create function name_from_employee(emp_id int)returns varchar(20)beginreturn (select namefrom employeewhere num=emp_id);end&&
3、变量的使用(declare关键字,作用范围是begin…end程序段)(1)定义变量定义变量my_sql,数据类型为int型,默认值为10。代码:declare my_sql int default 10;(2)为变量赋值为变量my_sql赋值为30,代码:set my_sql=30;从表中查询id为2的记录,将该记录的d_id值赋给变量my_sql。代码:select d_id into my_sqlfrom employee where id=2;
4、定义条件和处理程序(declare关键字)(1)定义条件declare condition_name condition for condition_valuecondition_value: sqlstate[value] sqlstate_value|mysql_error_code例子:定义“error 1146(42s02)”这个错误,名称为can_not_find。可以用两种不同的方法来定义,代码:方法一:使用sqlstate_valuedeclare can_not_find condition for sqlstate '42s02';方法二:使用mysql_error_codedeclare can_not_find condition for 1146;
(2)定义处理程序declare handler_type handler for condition_value[,…] sp_statementhandler_type:continue|exit|undocondition_value:sqlstate[value]sqlstate_value|condition_name|sqlwarning|not found|sqlexception|mysql_error_code例子:捕获sqlstate_valuedeclare continue handler for sqlstate '42s02'set @info='can not find';捕获mysql_error_codedeclare continue handler for 1146 @info='can not find';先定义条件,然后调用declare can_not_find condition for 1146;declare continue handler for can_not_find @info='can not find';使用sqlwarningdeclare exit handler for sqlwarning set @info='error';使用not founddeclare exit handler for not found set @info='error';使用sqlexceptiondeclare exit handler for sqlexception set @info='error';
5、光标的使用 查询语句可能查询出多条记录,在存储过程和存储函数中使用光标来逐条读取查询结果集中的记录。光标的使用包括声明光标、打开光标、使用光标和关闭光标。光标声明必须在处理程序之前,并且在变量和条件之后。(1)声明光标下面声明一个名为cur_employee的光标declare cur_employee cursor for select name,age from employee;(2)打开光标打开一个名为cur_employee的光标open cur_employee;(3)使用光标使用一个名为cur_employee的光标,将查询出来的数据存入emp_name和emp_age这两个变量中:fetch cur_employee into emp_name,emp_age;(4)关闭光标关闭名为cur_employee的光标。close cur_employee;
6、流程控制的使用(1)if 语句例子:if age>20 then set @count1=@count1+1;elseif age=20 then @count2=@conut2+1;else @count3=@count3+1;end if;
(2)case语句例子:case agewhen 20 then set @count1=@count1+1;else set @count2=@count2+1;end case;也可以是:casewhen age=20 then set @count1=@count1+1;else set @count2=@count2+1;end case;
(3)loop语句例子:add_num: loopset @count=@count+1;end loop add_num;add_num是循环语句开始标签
(4)leave语句例子:add_num: loopset @count=@count+1;if @count=100 thenleave add_num;end loop add_num;
(5)iterate语句(与leave用法相同,指跳出本次循环)例子:add_num: loopset @count=@count+1;if @count=100 thenleave add_num;else if mod(@count,3)=0 theniterate add_num;select * from employee;end loop add_num;
(6)repeat语句例子:repeatset @count=@count+1;until @count=100end repeat;
(7)while语句例子:while @count
二、调用存储过程和函数1、调用存储过程基本语法:call sp_name(参数列表)例子:delimiter &&create procedure num_from_employee(in emp_id int,out count_num int)reads sql databeginselect count(*) into count_numfrom employeewhere d_id=emp_id;end&&call num_from_employee(1002,@n);查询的时候:select @n;
2、调用存储函数例子:delimiter &&create function name_from_employee(emp_id int)returns varchar(20)beginreturn (select namefrom employeewhere num=emp_id);end&&delimiter ;select name_from_employee(3);
三、查看存储过程和函数(1)show status语句查看存储过程和函数语法:show procedure|function status like 'pattern';例子:show procedure status like 'num_from_employee'/G
(2)show create语句查看存储过程和函数例子:show create procedure num_from_employee/G
(3)从information_schema.routines中(存储过程和函数的信息存储在information—_schema数据库下的routines表中)语法select * from information_schema.routineswhere routine_name='sp_name';例子select * from information_schema.routineswhere routine_name='num_from_employee'/G
四、修改存储过程和函数例子:修改存储过程alter procedure num_from_employeemodifies sql datasql security invoker;例子:修改存储函数alter function name_from_employeereads sql datacomment 'find name';
五、删除存储过程和函数基本形式:drop {procedure|}function sp_name;