c++ - 同样的代码为何在重载运算符函数中报错,在普通函数中没有错?
怪我咯
怪我咯 2017-04-17 13:32:20
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c++新手,使用vs 2015 community。刚写了一个泛型函数用来比较两个容器内的元素是否相同,原来是在重载运算符函数operator==中写的,编译出错: std::begin 未找到匹配的重载函数,我查看了vs中std::begin的定义,其中应该有匹配的函数。于是我把代码放到普通函数中,结果就可以运行通过了,代码如下,希望有人解答 (另外,如果我将两个函数的参数都改成const Vector&,就可以通过编译正确运行):

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

//#define NO_OPERATOR

#ifndef NO_OPERATOR

template<class Vector1, class Vector2>
bool operator == (Vector1& con1, Vector2& con2)
{
    auto first1 = std::begin(con1), last1 = std::end(con1);
    auto first2 = std::begin(con2), last2 = std::end(con2);
    for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, ++first2)
    {
        if (*first1 != *first2)
            return false;
    }
    return (first1 == last1 && first2 == last2);
}
#endif // !1


template<class Vector1, class Vector2>
bool compare_vector(Vector1& con1, Vector2& con2)
{
    auto first1 = std::begin(con1), last1 = std::end(con1);
    auto first2 = std::begin(con2), last2 = std::end(con2);
    for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, ++first2) 
    {
        if (*first1 != *first2)
            return false;
    }
    return (first1 == last1 && first2 == last2);
}



int main()
{
    std::vector<int> s1(10,0), s2(10,0);
#ifndef NO_OPERATOR
    if(s1 == s2)
        std::cout << "equal1" << std::endl;
#endif
    if (compare_vector(s1, s2))
        std::cout << "equal2" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}
怪我咯
怪我咯

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大家讲道理

因为你重载了全局的operator==,所以当你判断s1 == s2时,编译器推测你可能要将模板参数实例化为
<std::vector<int>, std::vector<int>>,然后编译器看到了first1 == last1,这时模板参数实例化为
std::vector<int>::iterator,于是类型推导就失败了,编译器也傻眼了。

stl里的容器重载了operator==,所以直接用就好了。

迷茫
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

//#define NO_OPERATOR

#ifndef NO_OPERATOR

template<class Vector1, class Vector2>
bool operator == (Vector1& con1, Vector2& con2) 
// 正如楼上 重载的全局 == , 但这种用模板重载的做法是很危险的,不可取
{
    auto first1 = std::begin(con1), last1 = std::end(con1);
    auto first2 = std::begin(con2), last2 = std::end(con2);
    for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, ++first2)
    {
        if (*first1 != *first2)
            return false;
    }
    return (first1 == last1 && first2 == last2); 
    // == 实例化为 operator == (vector<int>::iterator&, vector<int>::iterator&)
    // 然后在 == 内部,std::begin的调用产生了错误
}
#endif // !1


template<class Vector1, class Vector2>
bool compare_vector(Vector1& con1, Vector2& con2)
{
    auto first1 = std::begin(con1), last1 = std::end(con1);
    auto first2 = std::begin(con2), last2 = std::end(con2);
    for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, ++first2) 
    {
        if (*first1 != *first2)
            return false;
    }
    return (first1 == last1 && first2 == last2);
}



int main()
{
    std::vector<int> s1(10,0), s2(10,0);
#ifndef NO_OPERATOR
    if(s1 == s2)                                // == 实例化为 operator == (vector<int>&, vector<int>&)
        std::cout << "equal1" << std::endl;
#endif
    if (compare_vector(s1, s2))
        std::cout << "equal2" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}
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