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Detailed explanation of html5 image upload supports image preview compression and progress display. Compatible with IE6 and standard browsers.

黄舟
Release: 2017-03-23 16:14:05
Original
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以前写过上传组件,见 打造 html5 文件上传组件,实现进度显示及拖拽上传,兼容IE6+及其它标准浏览器,对付一般的上传没有问题,不过如果是上传图片,且需要预览的话,就力有不逮了,趁着闲暇时间,给上传组件添加了单独的图片上传UI,支持图片预览和缩放(通过调整图片的大小以实现图片压缩)。

v1.4版本已支持秒传+分片上传+断点续传(IE10+、其它标准浏览器),具体请参考Github代码。

上传组件特点

  1. 轻量级,不依赖任何JS库,核心代码(Q.Uploader.js)仅约700行,min版本加起来不到12KB

  2. 纯JS代码,无需Flash,无需更改后台代码即可实现带进度条(IE10+、其它标准浏览器)的上传,其它(eg:IE6+)自动降级为传统方式上传

  3. 单独的图片上传UI,支持图片预览(IE6+、其它浏览器)和缩放(IE10+、其它浏览器)

  4. 上传核心与UI界面分离,可以很方便的定制上传界面包括上传按钮

  5. 上传文件的同时可以指定上传参数,支持上传类型过滤

  6. 完善的事件回调,可针对上传的每个过程进行单独处理

  7. 方便的UI接口,上传界面可以随心所欲的定制

效果如上图。由于浏览器不同,压缩效果各有不同,一个1.1MB、分辨率为 1920x1200 的图片,分辨率缩放为 1024x640 ,IE11上传后为199KB,Chrome45上传后为277KB,Firefox41上传后为360KB。

使用代码

html代码,导入样式及js上传组件,定义上传按钮及视图

<link href="../css/uploader-image.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><p>
    <a id="upload-target" class="x-button">添加图片并上传</a>
    </p>
    <p id="upload-view">
    </p>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../Q.Uploader.image.all.js"></script>
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js组件调用:

var uploader = new Q.Uploader({
    url: "api/upload.ashx",
    target: document.getElementById("upload-target"),
    view: document.getElementById("upload-view"),    //auto: false,

    //图片缩放    scale: {        //要缩放的图片格式
        types: ".jpg",        //最大图片大小(width|height)
        maxWidth: 1024
    }
});//uploader.start();
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一般无需更改后台代码,但如果使用了图片缩放(压缩),Firefox、Chrome 较早的版本上传后,后台可能会获取不到文件名,需要略微处理一下。以asp.net为例:


HttpRequest request = context.Request;int c = request.Files.Count;
//接收上传的数据并保存到服务器
for (int i = 0; i < c; i++)
{
    HttpPostedFile file = request.Files[i];    
    //为兼容一些较早的浏览器,此处优先使用上传组件传递的文件名
    string fileName = request["fileName"];    
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName)) fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(file.FileName);    
    string path = context.Server.MapPath("~/upload/" + fileName);
    file.SaveAs(path);
}
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关于上传

参见 打造 html5 文件上传组件,实现进度显示及拖拽上传,兼容IE6+及其它标准浏览器

关于预览

IE10+等浏览器使用html5 api,其它浏览器使用滤镜预览。需要注意的是,IE8+由于安全性考虑,会获取不到文件真实地址,需要特殊处理一下。

//生成图片预览地址(html5)function readAsURL(file, callback) {    
var URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL;    
if (URL) return callback(URL.createObjectURL(file));    
if (window.FileReader) {        
var fr = new FileReader();
        fr.onload = function (e) {
            callback(e.target.result);
        };
        fr.readAsDataURL(file);
    } else if (file.readAsDataURL) {
        callback(file.readAsDataURL());
    }
}//图片预览function previewImage(box, task, callback) {    
var input = task.input,
        file = task.file || (input.files ? input.files[0] : undefined);    
        if (file) {        
        //IE10+、Webkit、Firefox etc
        readAsURL(file, function (src) {            
        if (src) box.innerHTML = &#39;<img src="&#39; + src + &#39;" />&#39;;

            callback && callback(src);
        });
    } else if (input) {        
    var src = input.value;        
    if (!src || /^\w:\\fakepath/.test(src)) {
            input.select();            
            //解决ie报拒绝访问的问题            
            parent.document.body.focus();            
            //获取图片真实地址
            if (document.selection) src = document.selection.createRange().text;
        }        if (src) {
            box.innerHTML = &#39;<img src="&#39; + src + &#39;" />&#39;;            
            try {                
            if (browser_ie > 6) 
            box.style.filter = "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(sizingMethod=&#39;scale&#39;,src=&#39;" + src + "&#39;)";
            } catch (e) { }
        }

        callback && callback(src);
    }
}
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关于缩放(压缩)

原理是先通过canvas调整图片大小,生成base64数据,然后再通过html5 api (Blob) 转换为二进制对象上传。

//将dataURL转为Blob对象,以用于ajax上传
function dataURLtoBlob(base64, mimetype) {    
var ds = base64.split(&#39;,&#39;),
        data = atob(ds[1]),

        arr = [];    
        for (var i = 0, len = data.length; i < len; i++) {
        arr[i] = data.charCodeAt(i);
    }    if (Blob) return new Blob([new Uint8Array(arr)], { type: mimetype });    
    var builder = new BlobBuilder();
    builder.append(arr);    
    return builder.getBlob(mimetype);
}//图片缩放function scaleImage(src, mimetype, ops, callback) {    
var image = new Image();
    image.src = src;

    image.onload = function () {        
    var width = image.width,
            height = image.height,

            maxWidth = ops.maxWidth,
            maxHeight = ops.maxHeight,

            hasWidthScale = maxWidth && width > maxWidth,
            hasHeightScale = maxHeight && height > maxHeight,

            hasScale = hasWidthScale || hasHeightScale;        
            //无需压缩
        if (!hasScale) return callback && callback(false);        
        //根据宽度缩放
        if (hasWidthScale) {
            width = maxWidth;
            height = Math.floor(image.height * width / image.width);
        }        //根据高度缩放
        if (hasHeightScale) {
            height = maxHeight;
            width = Math.floor(image.width * height / image.height);
        }        var canvas = document.createElement("canvas"),
            ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");

        canvas.width = width;
        canvas.height = height;

        ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0, width, height);

        callback && callback(canvas.toDataURL(mimetype), mimetype);
    };
}
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相关文章:

用HTML5轻松实现图片预览

javascript实现图片预览和上传(兼容IE)代码分享

JavaScript进阶(八)JS实现图片预览并导入服务器功能

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