この章では、CakePHP の 環境変数、一般設定、データベース設定 および メール設定 について理解します。
構成 CakePHP にはデフォルトで 1 つの構成ファイルが付属しており、必要に応じて変更できます。この目的のために、「config」 という専用のフォルダーが 1 つあります。 CakePHP にはさまざまな設定オプションが付属しています。
CakePHP の環境変数を理解することから始めましょう。
環境変数を使用すると、さまざまな環境でアプリケーションを簡単に動作させることができます。たとえば、開発サーバー、テスト サーバー、ステージング サーバー、運用サーバー環境などです。これらすべての環境について、env() 関数を使用して、必要な環境の構成を読み取り、アプリケーションを構築できます。
config フォルダーに config/.env.example があります。このファイルには、環境に基づいて変更されるすべての変数が含まれています。まず、config フォルダー (config/.env) にファイルを作成し、それらの変数を定義して使用します。追加の変数が必要な場合は、そのファイルに含めることができます。
以下に示すように、env() 関数を使用して環境変数を読み取ることができます -
$debug = env('APP_DEBUG', false);
最初の値は必要な環境変数の名前で、2 番目の値はデフォルト値です。環境変数の値が見つからない場合は、デフォルト値が使用されます。
次の表では、さまざまな変数の役割と、それらが CakePHP アプリケーションにどのような影響を与えるかを説明します。
| Sr.No | Variable Name & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
debug Changes CakePHP debugging output. false = Production mode. No error messages, errors, or warnings shown. true = Errors and warnings shown. |
| 2 |
App.namespace The namespace to find app classes under. |
| 3 |
App.baseUrl Un-comment this definition, if you don’t plan to use Apache’s mod_rewrite with CakePHP. Don’t forget to remove your .htaccess files too. |
| 4 |
App.base The base directory the app resides in. If false, this will be auto detected. |
| 5 |
App.encoding Define what encoding your application uses. This encoding is used to generate the charset in the layout, and encode entities. It should match the encoding values specified for your database. |
| 6 |
App.webroot The webroot directory. |
| 7 |
App.wwwRoot The file path to webroot. |
| 8 |
App.fullBaseUrl The fully qualified domain name (including protocol) to your application’s root. |
| 9 |
App.imageBaseUrl Web path to the public images directory under webroot. |
| 10 |
App.cssBaseUrl Web path to the public css directory under webroot. |
| 11 |
App.jsBaseUrl Web path to the public js directory under webroot. |
| 12 |
App.paths Configure paths for non-class based resources. Supports the plugins, templates, locales, subkeys, which allow the definition of paths for plugins, view templates and locale files respectively. |
| 13 |
Security.salt A random string used in hashing. This value is also used as the HMAC salt when doing symmetric encryption. |
| 14 |
Asset.timestamp Appends a timestamp, which is last modified time of the particular file at the end of asset files URLs (CSS, JavaScript, Image) when using proper helpers. The valid values are −
|
Database can be configured in config/app.php and config/app_local.php file. This file contains a default connection with provided parameters, which can be modified as per our choice.
The below snippet shows the default parameters and values, which should be modified as per the requirement.
*/
'Datasources' => [
'default' => [
'host' => 'localhost',
'username' => 'my_app',
'password' => 'secret',
'database' => 'my_app',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL', null),
],
/*
* The test connection is used during the test suite.
*/
'test' => [
'host' => 'localhost',
//'port' => 'non_standard_port_number',
'username' => 'my_app',
'password' => 'secret',
'database' => 'test_myapp',
//'schema' => 'myapp',
],
],
Let us understand each parameter in detail in config/app_local.php.
| Host | The database server’s hostname (or IP address). |
|---|---|
| username | Database username |
| password | Database password. |
| database | Name of Database. |
| Port | The TCP port or Unix socket used to connect to the server. |
'Datasources' => [
'default' => [
'className' => Connection::class,
'driver' => Mysql::class,
'persistent' => false,
'timezone' => 'UTC',
//'encoding' => 'utf8mb4',
'flags' => [],
'cacheMetadata' => true,
'log' => false,
'quoteIdentifiers' => false,
//'init' => ['SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0'],
],
]
Let us understand each parameter in detail in config/app.php.
| Sr.No | Key & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
className The fully namespaced class name of the class that represents the connection to a database server. This class is responsible for loading the database driver, providing SQL transaction mechanisms and preparing SQL statements among other things. |
| 2 |
driver The class name of the driver used to implement all specificities for a database engine. This can either be a short classname using plugin syntax, a fully namespaced name, or a constructed driver instance. Examples of short classnames are Mysql, Sqlite, Postgres, and Sqlserver. |
| 3 |
persistent Whether or not to use a persistent connection to the database. |
| 4 |
encoding Indicates the character set to use, when sending SQL statements to the server like ‘utf8’ etc. |
| 5 |
timezone Server timezone to set. |
| 6 |
init A list of queries that should be sent to the database server as and when the connection is created. |
| 7 | log
log Set to true to enable query logging. When enabled queries will be logged at a debug level with the queriesLog scope. |
| 8 |
quoteIdentifiers Set to true, if you are using reserved words or special characters in your table or column names. Enabling this setting will result in queries built using the Query Builder having identifiers quoted when creating SQL. It decreases performance. |
| 9 |
flags An associative array of PDO constants that should be passed to the underlying PDO instance. |
| 10 |
cacheMetadata Either boolean true, or a string containing the cache configuration to store meta data in. Having metadata caching disable is not advised and can result in very poor performance. |
Email can be configured in file config/app.php. It is not required to define email configuration in config/app.php. Email can be used without it. Just use the respective methods to set all configurations separately or load an array of configs. Configuration for Email defaults is created using config() and configTransport().
By defining transports separately from delivery profiles, you can easily re-use transport configuration across multiple profiles. You can specify multiple configurations for production, development and testing. Each transport needs a className. Valid options are as follows −
Mail − Send using PHP mail function
Smtp − Send using SMTP
Debug − Do not send the email, just return the result
You can add custom transports (or override existing transports) by adding the appropriate file to src/Mailer/Transport. Transports should be named YourTransport.php, where 'Your' is the name of the transport.
Following is the example of Email configuration transport.
'EmailTransport' => [
'default' => [
'className' => 'Mail',
// The following keys are used in SMTP transports
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 25,
'timeout' => 30,
'username' => 'user',
'password' => 'secret',
'client' => null,
'tls' => null,
'url' => env('EMAIL_TRANSPORT_DEFAULT_URL', null),
],
],
Delivery profiles allow you to predefine various properties about email messages from your application, and give the settings a name. This saves duplication across your application and makes maintenance and development easier. Each profile accepts a number of keys.
Following is an example of Email delivery profiles.
'Email' => [
'default' => [
'transport' => 'default',
'from' => 'you@localhost',
],
],
以上がCakePHP プロジェクトの構成の詳細内容です。詳細については、PHP 中国語 Web サイトの他の関連記事を参照してください。
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