前書き
数日前、私たちは PHP を介してさまざまな並べ替えアルゴリズムを実装し、対応するアルゴリズムの所要時間を比較しました。
【アルゴリズム】PHPで古典的なアルゴリズムを実装する(前編)
次のアルゴリズムを実装してみましょう
コード
<code><span>$arr</span> = []; <span>for</span> (<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span>; <span>$i</span> < <span>5000</span>; <span>$i</span>++) { <span>$arr</span>[] = rand(<span>1</span>, <span>50000</span>); } <span>// 5 堆排序</span><span>/** * 交换两个数的位置 *<span> @param</span> $a *<span> @param</span> $b */</span><span><span>function</span><span>swap</span><span>(&<span>$a</span>,&<span>$b</span>)</span>{</span><span>$temp</span> = <span>$b</span>; <span>$b</span> = <span>$a</span>; <span>$a</span> = <span>$temp</span>; } <span>/** * 左子树 *<span> @param</span> $i *<span> @return</span> mixed */</span><span><span>function</span><span>lchild</span><span>(<span>$i</span>)</span>{</span><span>return</span><span>$i</span>*<span>2</span>+<span>1</span>;} <span>/** * 右子树 *<span> @param</span> $i *<span> @return</span> mixed */</span><span><span>function</span><span>rchild</span><span>(<span>$i</span>)</span>{</span><span>return</span><span>$i</span>*<span>2</span>+<span>2</span>;} <span>/** * 整理节点 *<span> @param</span> $array 待调整的堆数组 *<span> @param</span> $i 待调整的数组元素的位置 *<span> @param</span> $heapsize 数组的长度 */</span><span><span>function</span><span>build_heap</span><span>(&<span>$array</span>,<span>$i</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>)</span>{</span><span>$left</span> = lchild(<span>$i</span>); <span>$right</span> = rchild(<span>$i</span>); <span>$max</span> = <span>$i</span>; <span>//如果比左子树小并且在左右子树的右面,边界调整到左侧</span><span>if</span>(<span>$i</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$left</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$array</span>[<span>$left</span>] > <span>$array</span>[<span>$i</span>] ){ <span>$max</span> = <span>$left</span>; } <span>//如果比右子树小并且都小于要构建的数组长度,边界调整到右侧</span><span>if</span>(<span>$i</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$right</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$array</span>[<span>$right</span>] > <span>$array</span>[<span>$max</span>]){ <span>$max</span> = <span>$right</span>; } <span>//如果经过两次调整后,要调整的数组不是最大值</span><span>if</span>(<span>$i</span> != <span>$max</span> && <span>$i</span> < <span>$heapsize</span> && <span>$max</span> < <span>$heapsize</span>){ <span>//就交换对应的位置,并再次进行整理节点</span> swap(<span>$array</span>[<span>$i</span>],<span>$array</span>[<span>$max</span>]); build_heap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$max</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>); } } <span>/** * 对堆进行排序 *<span> @param</span> $array 要排序的数组 *<span> @param</span> $heapsize 数组的长度 */</span><span><span>function</span><span>sortHeap</span><span>(&<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>)</span>{</span><span>while</span>(<span>$heapsize</span>){ <span>//长度逐步递减0</span><span>//首先交换第一个元素和最后一个元素的位置</span> swap(<span>$array</span>[<span>0</span>],<span>$array</span>[<span>$heapsize</span>-<span>1</span>]); <span>$heapsize</span> = <span>$heapsize</span> -<span>1</span>; build_heap(<span>$array</span>,<span>0</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>); <span>//整理数组的第一个的元素的位置,长度为逐步递减的数组长度</span> } } <span>/** * 创建堆 *<span> @param</span> $array *<span> @param</span> $heapsize */</span><span><span>function</span><span>createHeap</span><span>(&<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>)</span>{</span><span>$i</span> = ceil(<span>$heapsize</span>/<span>2</span>)-<span>1</span>; <span>//找到中间的位置</span><span>for</span>( ; <span>$i</span>>=<span>0</span> ;<span>$i</span>-- ){ <span>//从中间往前面整理堆</span> build_heap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$i</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>); } } <span>/** * 堆排序主函数 */</span><span><span>function</span><span>Heapsort</span><span>(<span>$array</span>)</span>{</span><span>$heapsize</span> = count(<span>$array</span>); createHeap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>); sortHeap(<span>$array</span>,<span>$heapsize</span>); <span>return</span><span>$array</span>; } <span>$heapsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$heapsort_sort</span> = Heapsort(<span>$arr</span>); <span>$heapsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$heapsort_need_time</span> = <span>$heapsort_end_time</span> - <span>$heapsort_start_time</span>; print_r(<span>"堆排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$heapsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>); <span>// 6 鸡尾酒排序法</span><span>/** * 鸡尾酒排序 *<span> @param</span> $arr *<span> @return</span> mixed */</span><span><span>function</span><span>Cocktailsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span> {</span><span>$arr_len</span> =count(<span>$arr</span>); <span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span> ; <span>$i</span> < (<span>$arr_len</span>/<span>2</span>) ; <span>$i</span> ++){ <span>//将最小值排到队尾</span><span>for</span>( <span>$j</span> = <span>$i</span> ; <span>$j</span> < ( <span>$arr_len</span> - <span>$i</span> - <span>1</span> ) ; <span>$j</span> ++ ){ <span>if</span>(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>] < <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> + <span>1</span>] ){ swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> + <span>1</span>]); } } <span>//将最大值排到队头</span><span>for</span>(<span>$j</span> = <span>$arr_len</span> - <span>1</span> - (<span>$i</span> + <span>1</span>); <span>$j</span> > <span>$i</span> ; <span>$j</span> --){ <span>if</span>(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>] > <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> - <span>1</span>]){ swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span> - <span>1</span>]); } } } <span>return</span><span>$arr</span>; } <span>$cocktailsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$cocktailsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>); <span>$cocktailsortt_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$cocktailsort_need_time</span> = <span>$cocktailsortt_end_time</span> - <span>$cocktailsort_start_time</span>; print_r(<span>"鸡尾酒排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$cocktailsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>); <span>// 7 希尔排序</span><span>/** * 希尔排序 *<span> @param</span> $arr */</span><span><span>function</span><span>Shellsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span> {</span><span>$n</span>=count(<span>$arr</span>); <span>//数组长度</span><span>for</span>(<span>$gap</span>=floor(<span>$n</span>/<span>2</span>);<span>$gap</span>><span>0</span>;<span>$gap</span>=floor(<span>$gap</span>/=<span>2</span>)) <span>//</span> { <span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=<span>$gap</span>;<span>$i</span><<span>$n</span>;++<span>$i</span>) <span>//根据增量循环</span> { <span>//以增量为步幅进行查看</span><span>for</span>( <span>$j</span>=<span>$i</span>-<span>$gap</span>; <span>$j</span>>=<span>0</span> && <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>+<span>$gap</span>] < <span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>]; <span>$j</span> -= <span>$gap</span>) { swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>+<span>$gap</span>]); } } } <span>return</span><span>$arr</span>; } <span>$shellsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$shellsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>); <span>$shellsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$shellsort_need_time</span> = <span>$shellsort_end_time</span> - <span>$shellsort_start_time</span>; print_r(<span>"希尔排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$shellsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>); <span>// 8 直接选择排序</span><span>/** * 直接选择排序 *<span> @param</span> $arr *<span> @return</span> mixed */</span><span><span>function</span><span>Straightselectsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span>{</span><span>$n</span> = count(<span>$arr</span>); <span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span> ; <span>$i</span> < <span>$n</span> - <span>1</span>;<span>$i</span>++){ <span>$m</span> = <span>$i</span>; <span>for</span>(<span>$j</span> = <span>$i</span>+<span>1</span> ; <span>$j</span> < <span>$n</span>; <span>$j</span>++){ <span>if</span>(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>] < <span>$arr</span>[<span>$m</span>] ){ <span>$m</span> = <span>$j</span>; } <span>if</span>(<span>$m</span> != <span>$j</span>){ <span>//进行交换</span> swap(<span>$arr</span>[<span>$m</span>],<span>$arr</span>[<span>$j</span>]); } } } <span>return</span><span>$arr</span>; } <span>$straightselectsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$straightselectsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>); <span>$straightselectsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$straightselectsort_need_time</span> = <span>$straightselectsort_end_time</span> - <span>$straightselectsort_start_time</span>; print_r(<span>"直接选择排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$straightselectsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>); <span>// 9 计数排序</span><span>/** * 计数排序 *<span> @param</span> $arr *<span> @return</span> mixed */</span><span><span>function</span><span>Countsort</span><span>(<span>$arr</span>)</span>{</span><span>$max</span> = <span>$arr</span>[<span>0</span>]; <span>$min</span> = <span>$arr</span>[<span>0</span>]; <span>foreach</span>(<span>$arr</span><span>as</span><span>$key</span> => <span>$value</span>) { <span>if</span> (<span>$value</span> > <span>$max</span>) { <span>$max</span> = <span>$value</span>; } <span>if</span> (<span>$value</span> < <span>$min</span>) { <span>$min</span> = <span>$value</span>; } } <span>//这里k的大小是要排序的数组中,元素大小的极值差+1</span><span>$c</span>=[]; <span>$k</span> = <span>$max</span> - <span>$min</span> + <span>1</span>; <span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = <span>0</span>; <span>$i</span> < count(<span>$arr</span>) ; <span>$i</span> ++){ <span>$c</span>[<span>$arr</span>[<span>$i</span>] - <span>$min</span> ] +=<span>1</span>; } <span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=<span>1</span>;<span>$i</span> < count(<span>$c</span>); ++<span>$i</span>){ <span>$c</span>[<span>$i</span>] = <span>$c</span>[<span>$i</span>] + <span>$c</span>[<span>$i</span> - <span>1</span>]; } <span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = count(<span>$arr</span>);<span>$i</span> > <span>0</span> ; --<span>$i</span>){ <span>$b</span>[ -- <span>$c</span>[<span>$arr</span>[<span>$i</span>] - <span>$min</span>] ] = <span>$arr</span>[<span>$i</span>]; } <span>return</span><span>$b</span>; } <span>$countsort_start_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$countsort_sort</span> = Cocktailsort(<span>$arr</span>); <span>$countsort_end_time</span> = microtime(<span>true</span>); <span>$countsort_need_time</span> = <span>$countsort_end_time</span> - <span>$countsort_start_time</span>; print_r(<span>"计数排序耗时:"</span> . <span>$countsort_need_time</span> . <span>"<br />"</span>); </code>
時間のかかる比較
ヒープソート時間: 0.086709976196289
カクテルの仕分け時間: 4.6467659473419
ヒルソート時間: 4.4215688705444
直接選択のソート時間: 4.529422044754
カウントソートには時間がかかります: 4.2601070404053
参考資料
上記では、PHP のコンテンツを含め、PHP での古典的なアルゴリズムの実装を紹介しています。PHP チュートリアルに興味のある友人に役立つことを願っています。