Nginx の疑似静的ルールの書き換えの詳細な手順

伪静态是一种可以把文件后缀改成任何可能的一种方法，如果我想把php文件伪静态成html文件，这种相当简单的，下面来介绍nginx 伪静态配置方法有需要了解的朋友可参考。

nginx里使用伪静态是直接在nginx.conf 中写规则的，并不需要像apache要开启写模块(mod_rewrite)才能进行伪静态。

nginx只需要打开nginx.conf配置文件，在server里面写需要的规则即可。

server 
{ 
listen       80; 
server_name  bbs.jb51.net; 
index index.html index.htm index.php; 
root  /home/www/bbs;
error_page  404                                             /404.htm;       #配置404错误页面 
location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ 
{ 
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000; 
fastcgi_index index.php; 
include fcgi.conf; 
}
#下面就是伪静态了
location /{ 
rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last; 
} 
access_log  access_log   off; 
}

然后重启nginx服务器伪静态就生效了，这种维护起来很是不方便我们可以把它写在外部文件如bbs_nginx.conf中

在/home/www/bbs目录下创建bbs_nginx.conf文件并写入以下代码：

ocation /{ 
rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last; 
}

然后在上面的代码后面加上如下代码：

include /home/www/bbs/bbs_nginx.conf;

这样网站根目录中的bbs_nginx.conf伪静态规则，即可实现单独管理。

下面是一个实例：

1. 在使用.htaccess文件的目录下新建一个.htaccess文件，如下面一个Discuz论坛目录：

vim /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess

2. 在里面输入规则，我这里输入Discuz的伪静态规则（这里仅增加Discuz的伪静态规则）：

# nginx rewrite  rule 
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[w-]+.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+).html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last; 
# end nginx rewrite rule

wq保存退出。

3. 修改nginx配置文件：

vim  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

4. 在需要添加伪静态的虚拟主机的server{}中引入.htaccess文件：

include /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess; （备注：把路径改成你.htaccess文件的具体位置）

wq保存退出。

5. 重新加载nginx配置文件：

/etc/init.d/nginx reload

Nginx常用Rewrite伪静态规则：

伪静态规则是我们做伪静态的一个非常重的参数了，如果我们能理解得越多就可以快速的写出最优的伪静态代码了，下面给大家整理了一些例子，希望能给你有帮助。

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。
正则表达式匹配，其中：

* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配，其中：
* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有：
* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
* redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri

结合QeePHP的例子

if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;

多目录转成参数

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}

目录对换

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}

目录自动加“/”

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

禁止htaccess

location ~//.ht {
deny all;
}

禁止多个目录

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}

禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}

禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求

location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}

禁止单个文件

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}

文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求

“rewrite ^/ http://www.php.cn/;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.jb51.net *.jbzj.net localhost 1.1.1.1;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://www.php.cn/;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}

只允许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录

如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯

(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://www.php.cn/;
}

域名跳转

server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.php.cn/;
access_log off;
}

多域名转向

server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ “c1gstudio/.net”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.php.cn/$1 permanent;
}

三级域名跳转

if ($http_host ~* “^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.php.cn/$1;
break;
}

域名镜像

server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.php.cn/$1 last;
access_log off;
}

某个子目录作镜像

location ^~ /php {
rewrite ^.+ http://www.php.cn/ last;
break;
}

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
server_name bbs.jb51.net news.jb51.net;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news/.jb51.net$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://www.php.cn/ last;
break;
}
}
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

附现在常用cms替换

WordPress伪静态规则：

location / { 
index index.html index.php; 
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; 
} 
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; 
} 
if (!-f $request_filename){ 
rewrite (.*) /index.php; 
} 
}

PHPCMS伪静态规则：

location / { 
###以下为PHPCMS 伪静态化rewrite法则 
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$3; 
rewrite ^(.*)list-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$3; 
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?specialid=$2;
####以下为PHPWind 伪静态化rewrite法则 
rewrite ^(.*)-htm-(.*)$ $1.php?$2 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/simple/([a-z0-9\_]+\.html)$ $1/simple/index.php?$2 last; 
}

ECSHOP伪静态规则：

if (!-e $request_filename) 
{ 
rewrite "^/index\.html" /index.php last; 
rewrite "^/category$" /index.php last; 
rewrite "^/feed-c([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?cat=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/feed-b([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?brand=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/feed\.xml$” /feed.php last; 
rewrite
 
“^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$”
 
/category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=$8
 last; 
rewrite 
“^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)(.*)\.html$”
 
/category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5
 last; 
rewrite 
“^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” 
/category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 
last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3 last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /goods.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite
 “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” 
/article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last; 
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/article-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite
 “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)\.html” 
/brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last; 
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last; 
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/tag-(.*)\.html” /search.php?keywords=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/snatch-([0-9]+)\.html$” /snatch.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/group_buy-([0-9]+)\.html$” /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/auction-([0-9]+)\.html$” /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view last; 
rewrite
 
“^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$”
 
/exchange.php?cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6
 last; 
rewrite 
^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” 
/exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last; 
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last; 
}

SHOPEX伪静态规则 ：

location / { 
if (!-e $request_filename) { 
rewrite ^/(.+\.(html|xml|json|htm|php|jsp|asp|shtml))$ /index.php?$1 last; 
} 
}

SaBlog 2.0：

# 只带月份的归档 
rewrite "^/date/([0-9]{6})/?([0-9]+)?/?$" /index.php?action=article&setdate=$1&page=$2 last; 
# 无分类翻页 
rewrite ^/page/([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&page=$1 last; 
# 分类 
rewrite ^/category/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&cid=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/category/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&curl=$1&page=$2 last; 
# 归档、高级搜刮 
rewrite ^/(archives|search|article|links)/?$ /index.php?action=$1 last; 
# 全数批评、标签列表、引用列表 带分页 
rewrite ^/(comments|tagslist|trackbacks|article)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=$1&page=$2 last; 
# tags 
rewrite ^/tag/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&item=$1&page=$2 last; 
# 文章 
rewrite ^/archives/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=show&id=$1&page=$2 last; 
# RSS rewrite ^/rss/([0-9]+)?/?$ /rss.php?cid=$1 last; 
rewrite ^/rss/([^/]+)/?$ /rss.php?url=$1 last; 
# 用户 rewrite ^/uid/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&uid=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/user/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&user=$1&page=$2 last; 
# 舆图文件 
rewrite sitemap.xml sitemap.php last; 
# 自界说链接 
rewrite ^(.*)/([0-9a-zA-Z\-\_]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ $1/index.php?action=show&alias=$2&page=$3 last;

Discuz 7伪静态规则 ：

rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last; 
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\%3D$3&page=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;

Typecho：

location / { 
index index.html index.php; 
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; 
} 
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; 
} 
if (!-f $request_filename){ 
rewrite (.*) /index.php; 
} 
}

实例：shopex启用伪静态

    location /
    {
             if (!-e $request_filename) {
             rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
    }
    }
……

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