1 はじめに
MySQL
を操作していると、時々 ## しか含まれないことがわかりました。 # が作成されました % のアカウントは
localhost 経由で接続できますが、接続できない場合があります。オンライン検索では満足のいく答えが見つかりません。手動で試してみます。
mysql ビデオ チュートリアル >>
mysql# を実行するときに参照します。 ## command,-h
パラメータには localhost
または IP
が入力されます。2 つの接続方法の違いは次のとおりです -h パラメータは localhost
#-h
パラメータがlocalhost の場合、実際には
socket が接続に使用されます (デフォルトの接続方法)。例は次のとおりです。
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
現在のユーザー から、ユーザーは xx@localhost、接続方法は
Localhost via UNIX ソケット#であることがわかります。 ##-h でパラメータは IP
パラメータが
IP の場合、実際には TCP
は例は次のとおりです<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 11
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8</pre><div class="contentsignin">ログイン後にコピー</div></div>
From現在のユーザー
ユーザーが
で、接続方法が # であることがわかります。 ##TCP/IP3 バージョン間の違い
テスト方法は、接続できるかどうかを確認することです。テストプロセスを見たくない場合は、次の方法を使用できます。最後までスクロールして結論を確認してください
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.11 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
...
ログイン後にコピー
IP を使用してログイン[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ...
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 8
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
ログイン後にコピー
結果には、[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
MySQL
の8.0
バージョン、localhost
3.2 MySQL を含む
% が表示されます。 5.7
Create % user
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
....
ログイン後にコピー
Use IP to log in[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ....
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 11
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8
...
ログイン後にコピー
Result Display[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 ...
5.7
バージョンMySQL
、%
localhost3.3 MySQL 5.6
を含むユーザー
db83-3306>>select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.6.10-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
ログイン後にコピー
IP を使用してログインしてください[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 3
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
......
--------------
ログイン後にコピー
結果は、[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP ...... --------------
MySQL 5.6
の%
にlocalhost## が含まれていないことを示しています。 #3.4 MySQL 5.1
ユーザーの作成
<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)</pre><div class="contentsignin">ログイン後にコピー</div></div>
ローカルホストを使用してログイン
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
IPを使用してログイン
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4901339 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 4901339 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結果Display
5.1%
のバージョンには
localhost3.5 MariaDB 10.3
Create user
<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">db83-3306>>select version();
+---------------------+
| version() |
+---------------------+
| 10.3.11-MariaDB-log |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)</pre><div class="contentsignin">ログイン後にコピー</div></div>## が含まれていません#localhost を使用してログインします
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
========= 省略 ===========
MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Connection id: 12
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server: MariaDB
Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
ログイン後にコピー
結果は、[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 12 Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server ========= 省略 =========== MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1 SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server: MariaDB Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
MariaDB 10.3
%
localhost
を除くと表示されます。4 結論
バージョン
ユーザーの
%
##MySQL8.0 includes |
|
---|---|
includes | |
含まれていません | |
MySQL5.1 | 含まれない |
MariaDB 10.3 | 含まれない |