かつては金庸の小説のウェブサイトがたくさんありましたが、そのほとんどが現在アクセスできなくなっています。ファンの皆さん、新しいウェブサイトが常に登場しています。最近、Baidu 経由で今でもアクセスできる金庸の小説の Web サイトを見つけました: aHR0cDovL2ppbnlvbmcxMjMuY29tLw==
def load_novel(novel):
with open(f'novels/{novel}.txt', encoding="u8") as f:
return f.read()
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主角分析
首先我们加载人物数据：
with open('data/names.txt',encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = [line.rstrip() for line in f]
novels = data[::2]
names = data[1::2]
novel_names = {k: v.split() for k, v in zip(novels, names)}
del novels, names, data
from collections import Counter
def find_main_charecters(novel, num=10, content=None):
if content is None:
content = load_novel(novel)
count = Counter()
for name in novel_names[novel]:
count[name] = content.count(name)
return count.most_common(num)
for novel in novel_names:
print(novel, dict(find_main_charecters(novel, 10)))
with open('data/kungfu.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = [line.rstrip() for line in f]
novels = data[::2]
kungfus = data[1::2]
novel_kungfus = {k: v.split() for k, v in zip(novels, kungfus)}
del novels, kungfus, data
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定义计数方法：
def find_main_kungfus(novel, num=10, content=None):
if content is None:
content = load_novel(novel)
count = Counter()
for name in novel_kungfus[novel]:
count[name] = content.count(name)
return count.most_common(num)
for novel in novel_kungfus:
print(novel, dict(find_main_kungfus(novel, 10)))
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Tree
data = []
for novel in novel_kungfus:
tmp = []
data.append({"name": novel, "children": tmp})
for name, count in find_main_kungfus(novel, 5):
tmp.append({"name": name, "value": count})
c = (
TreeMap()
.add("", data, levels=[
opts.TreeMapLevelsOpts(),
opts.TreeMapLevelsOpts(
color_saturation=[0.3, 0.6],
treemap_itemstyle_opts=opts.TreeMapItemStyleOpts(
border_color_saturation=0.7, gap_width=5, border_width=10
),
upper_label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
is_show=True, position='insideTopLeft', vertical_align='top'
)
),
])
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="金庸高频武功"))
)
c.render_notebook()
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门派分析
加载数据并获取每部小说前10的门派：
with open('data/bangs.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = [line.rstrip() for line in f]
novels = data[::2]
bangs = data[1::2]
novel_bangs = {k: v.split() for k, v in zip(novels, bangs) if k != "未知"}
del novels, bangs, data
def find_main_bangs(novel, num=10, content=None):
if content is None:
content = load_novel(novel)
count = Counter()
for name in novel_bangs[novel]:
count[name] = content.count(name)
return count.most_common(num)
for novel in novel_bangs:
print(novel, dict(find_main_bangs(novel, 10)))
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Tree
data = []
for novel in novel_bangs:
tmp = []
data.append({"name": novel, "children": tmp})
for name, count in find_main_bangs(novel, 5):
tmp.append({"name": name, "value": count})
c = (
TreeMap()
.add("", data, levels=[
opts.TreeMapLevelsOpts(),
opts.TreeMapLevelsOpts(
color_saturation=[0.3, 0.6],
treemap_itemstyle_opts=opts.TreeMapItemStyleOpts(
border_color_saturation=0.7, gap_width=5, border_width=10
),
upper_label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
is_show=True, position='insideTopLeft', vertical_align='top'
)
),
])
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="金庸高频门派"))
)
c.render_notebook()
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还可以测试一下树形图：
from pyecharts.charts import Tree
c = (
Tree()
.add("", [{"name": "门派", "children": data}], layout="radial")
)
c.render_notebook()
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综合统计
下面我们编写一个函数，输入一部小说名，可以输出其最高频的主角、武功和门派：
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
def show_top10(novel):
content = load_novel(novel)
charecters = find_main_charecters(novel, 10, content)[::-1]
k, v = map(list, zip(*charecters))
c = (
Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts("720px", "320px"))
.add_xaxis(k)
.add_yaxis("", v)
.reversal_axis()
.set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position="right"))
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title=f"{novel}主角"))
)
display(c.render_notebook())
kungfus = find_main_kungfus(novel, 10, content)[::-1]
k, v = map(list, zip(*kungfus))
c = (
Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts("720px", "320px"))
.add_xaxis(k)
.add_yaxis("", v)
.reversal_axis()
.set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position="right"))
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title=f"{novel}功夫"))
)
display(c.render_notebook())
bangs = find_main_bangs(novel, 10, content)[::-1]
k, v = map(list, zip(*bangs))
c = (
Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts("720px", "320px"))
.add_xaxis(k)
.add_yaxis("", v)
.reversal_axis()
.set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position="right"))
.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title=f"{novel}门派"))
)
display(c.render_notebook())
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例如查看天龙八部：
show_top10("天龙八部")
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词云图分析
可以先添加所有的人物、武功和门派作为自定义词汇：
import jieba
for novel, names in novel_names.items():
for name in names:
jieba.add_word(name)
for novel, kungfus in novel_kungfus.items():
for kungfu in kungfus:
jieba.add_word(kungfu)
for novel, bangs in novel_bangs.items():
for bang in bangs:
jieba.add_word(bang)
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文章整体词云查看
这里我们仅提取词长度不小于4的成语、俗语和短语进行分析，以天龙八部这部小说为例：
from IPython.display import Image
import stylecloud
import jieba
import re
# 去除非中文字符
text = re.sub("[^一-龟]+", " ", load_novel("天龙八部"))
words = [word for word in jieba.cut(text) if len(word) >= 4]
stylecloud.gen_stylecloud(" ".join(words),
collocations=False,
font_path=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\msyhbd.ttc',
icon_name='fas fa-square',
output_name='tmp.png')
Image(filename='tmp.png')
data = []
for line in load_novel("神雕侠侣").splitlines():
if "杨过" in line and "小龙女" in line:
line = re.sub("[^一-龟]+", " ", line)
data.extend(word for word in jieba.cut(line) if len(word) >= 4)
stylecloud.gen_stylecloud(" ".join(data),
collocations=False,
font_path=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\msyhbd.ttc',
icon_name='fas fa-square',
output_name='tmp.png')
Image(filename='tmp.png')
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这里的每一个词都能联想到发生在杨过和小龙女背后的一个故事。
同样的思路看看郭靖和黄蓉：
data = []
for line in load_novel("射雕英雄传").splitlines():
if "郭靖" in line and "黄蓉" in line:
line = re.sub("[^一-龟]+", " ", line)
data.extend(word for word in jieba.cut(line) if len(word) >= 4)
stylecloud.gen_stylecloud(" ".join(data),
collocations=False,
font_path=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\msyhbd.ttc',
icon_name='fas fa-square',
output_name='tmp.png')
Image(filename='tmp.png')
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最后我们看看天龙八部的三兄弟相关的词云：
data = []
for line in load_novel("天龙八部").splitlines():
if ("萧峰" in line or "乔峰" in line) and "段誉" in line and "虚竹" in line:
line = re.sub("[^一-龟]+", " ", line)
data.extend(word for word in jieba.cut(line) if len(word) >= 4)
stylecloud.gen_stylecloud(" ".join(data),
collocations=False,
font_path=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\msyhbd.ttc',
icon_name='fas fa-square',
output_name='tmp.png')
Image(filename='tmp.png')
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Graph
import math
import itertools
count = Counter()
for novel in novel_names:
names = novel_names[novel]
re_rule = f"({'|'.join(names)})"
for line in load_novel(novel).splitlines():
names = list(set(re.findall(re_rule, line)))
if names and len(names) >= 2:
names.sort()
for s, t in itertools.combinations(names, 2):
count[(s, t)] += 1
count = count.most_common(200)
node_count, nodes, links = Counter(), [], []
for (n1, n2), v in count:
node_count[n1] += 1
node_count[n2] += 1
links.append({"source": n1, "target": n2})
for node, count in node_count.items():
nodes.append({"name": node, "symbolSize": int(math.log(count)*5)+5})
c = (
Graph(init_opts=opts.InitOpts("1280px","960px"))
.add("", nodes, links, repulsion=30)
)
c.render("tmp.html")
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这次我们生成了HTML文件是为了更方便的查看结果，前200个人物的关系情况如下：
门派关系分析
按照相同的方法分析所有小说的门派关系：
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Graph
import math
import itertools
count = Counter()
for novel in novel_bangs:
bangs = novel_bangs[novel]
re_rule = f"({'|'.join(bangs)})"
for line in load_novel(novel).splitlines():
names = list(set(re.findall(re_rule, line)))
if names and len(names) >= 2:
names.sort()
for s, t in itertools.combinations(names, 2):
count[(s, t)] += 1
count = count.most_common(200)
node_count, nodes, links = Counter(), [], []
for (n1, n2), v in count:
node_count[n1] += 1
node_count[n2] += 1
links.append({"source": n1, "target": n2})
for node, count in node_count.items():
nodes.append({"name": node, "symbolSize": int(math.log(count)*5)+5})
c = (
Graph(init_opts=opts.InitOpts("1280px","960px"))
.add("", nodes, links, repulsion=50)
)
c.render("tmp2.html")
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Word2Vec分析
Word2Vec 是一款将词表征为实数值向量的高效工具，接下来，我们将使用它来处理这些小说。
gensim 包提供了一个 Python 版的实现。
源代码地址：https://github.com/RaRe-Technologies/gensim
官方文档地址：http://radimrehurek.com/gensim/
之前我有使用gensim 包进行了相似文本的匹配，有兴趣可查阅：《批量模糊匹配的三种方法》
Word2Vec训练模型
首先我要将所有小说的段落分词后添加到组织到一起（前面的程序可以重启）：
import jieba
def load_novel(novel):
with open(f'novels/{novel}.txt', encoding="u8") as f:
return f.read()
with open('data/names.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = f.read().splitlines()
novels = data[::2]
names = []
for line in data[1::2]:
names.extend(line.split())
with open('data/kungfu.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = f.read().splitlines()
kungfus = []
for line in data[1::2]:
kungfus.extend(line.split())
with open('data/bangs.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = f.read().splitlines()
bangs = []
for line in data[1::2]:
bangs.extend(line.split())
for name in names:
jieba.add_word(name)
for kungfu in kungfus:
jieba.add_word(kungfu)
for bang in bangs:
jieba.add_word(bang)
# 去重
names = list(set(names))
kungfus = list(set(kungfus))
bangs = list(set(bangs))
sentences = []
for novel in novels:
print(f"处理：{novel}")
for line in load_novel(novel).splitlines():
sentences.append(jieba.lcut(line))
all_names = []
word_vectors = []
for name in names:
if name in model.wv:
all_names.append(name)
word_vectors.append(model.wv[name])
all_names = np.array(all_names)
word_vectors = np.vstack(word_vectors)
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