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このドキュメントでは、 php中国語ネットマニュアル リリース
(PHP 5 >= 5.5.0)
hash_pbkdf2 — 生成所提供密码的 PBKDF2 密钥导出
$algo
, string $password
, string $salt
, int $iterations
[, int $length
= 0
[, bool $raw_output
= false
]] )
algo
哈希算法名称,例如 md5,sha256,haval160,4 等。 受支持的算法清单请参见 hash_algos() 。
password
要进行导出的密码。
salt
进行导出时所使用的“盐”,这个值应该是随机生成的。
iterations
进行导出时的迭代次数。
length
密钥导出数据的长度。如果 raw_output
为 TRUE
,
此参数为密钥导出数据的字节长度。如果 raw_output
为 FALSE
,
此参数为密钥导出数据的字节长度的 2 倍,因为 1 个字节数据对应的 2 个 16 进制的字符。
如果传入 0,则使用所选算法的完整输出大小。
raw_output
设置为 TRUE
输出原始二进制数据,
设置为 FALSE
输出小写 16 进制字符串。
如果 raw_output
设置为 TRUE
,
则返回原始二进制数据表示的信息摘要,
否则返回 16 进制小写字符串格式表示的信息摘要。
在以下情况下会产生 E_WARNING
:
指定了未知的算法,
iterations
小于等于 0,
length
小于等于 0 或者
salt
过长(大于 INT_MAX
- 4)。
Example #1 hash_pbkdf2() 例程,基础用法
<?php
$password = "password" ;
$iterations = 1000 ;
// 使用 mcrypt_create_iv() 生成随机初始向量,
// 也可以使用 openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() 或其他适合的随机源。
$salt = mcrypt_create_iv ( 16 , MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM );
$hash = hash_pbkdf2 ( "sha256" , $password , $salt , $iterations , 20 );
echo $hash ;
?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
120fb6cffcf8b32c43e7
为了安全起见,可以使用 PBKDF2 方法对密码明文进行哈希运算后再存储。
但是更好的方案是使用 password_hash() 函数
或者使用 CRYPT_BLOWFISH
算法调用
crypt() 函数。
[#1] Trevor Herselman [2015-11-11 13:45:33]
This is a light-weight drop-in replacement for PHP's hash_pbkdf2(); written for compatibility with older versions of PHP.
Written, formatted and tested by myself, but using code and ideas based on the following:
https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm
https://github.com/rchouinard/hash_pbkdf2-compat/blob/master/src/hash_pbkdf2.php
https://gist.github.com/rsky/5104756
My main goals:
1) Maximum compatibility with PHP hash_pbkdf2(), ie. a drop-in replacement function
2) Minimum code size/bloat
3) Easy to copy/paste
4) No classes, and not encapsulated in a class! Why write a class when a simple function will do?
5) Eliminate calls to sprintf(). (used by other examples for the error reporting)
6) No other dependencies, ie. extra required functions
<?php
if (!function_exists('hash_pbkdf2'))
{
function hash_pbkdf2($algo, $password, $salt, $count, $length = 0, $raw_output = false)
{
if (!in_array(strtolower($algo), hash_algos())) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): Unknown hashing algorithm: ' . $algo, E_USER_WARNING);
if (!is_numeric($count)) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): expects parameter 4 to be long, ' . gettype($count) . ' given', E_USER_WARNING);
if (!is_numeric($length)) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): expects parameter 5 to be long, ' . gettype($length) . ' given', E_USER_WARNING);
if ($count <= 0) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): Iterations must be a positive integer: ' . $count, E_USER_WARNING);
if ($length < 0) trigger_error(__FUNCTION__ . '(): Length must be greater than or equal to 0: ' . $length, E_USER_WARNING);
$output = '';
$block_count = $length ? ceil($length / strlen(hash($algo, '', $raw_output))) : 1;
for ($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++)
{
$last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($algo, $salt . pack('N', $i), $password, true);
for ($j = 1; $j < $count; $j++)
{
$xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($algo, $last, $password, true));
}
$output .= $xorsum;
}
if (!$raw_output) $output = bin2hex($output);
return $length ? substr($output, 0, $length) : $output;
}
}
[#2] Peter [2013-11-21 15:03:18]
See also https://github.com/rchouinard/hash_pbkdf2-compat for a compatibility function
[#3] does dot not at matter dot org [2013-10-25 15:30:37]
this snippet was posted over a year ago on a dutch PHP community: (reference/source: http://www.phphulp.nl/php/script/beveiliging/pbkdf2-een-veilige-manier-om-wachtwoorden-op-te-slaan/1956/pbkdf2php/1757/)
<?php
function pbkdf2($password, $salt, $algorithm = 'sha512', $count = 20000, $key_length = 128, $raw_output = false)
{
if(!in_array($algorithm, hash_algos(), true)) {
exit('pbkdf2: Hash algoritme is niet geinstalleerd op het systeem.');
}
if($count <= 0 || $key_length <= 0) {
$count = 20000;
$key_length = 128;
}
$hash_length = strlen(hash($algorithm, "", true));
$block_count = ceil($key_length / $hash_length);
$output = "";
for($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++) {
$last = $salt . pack("N", $i);
$last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true);
for ($j = 1; $j < $count; $j++) {
$xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true));
}
$output .= $xorsum;
}
if($raw_output) {
return substr($output, 0, $key_length);
}
else {
return base64_encode(substr($output, 0, $key_length));
}
}
[#4] Binod Kumar Luitel [2013-10-17 22:25:03]
People who wants pure PHP implementation of the function, i.e. who don't have PHP 5.5 installed within their server, can use the following implementation. Nothing has been modified so far as from reference https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm but the OOP lovers might like this.
For more information about PBKDF2 see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2
<?php
if (!function_exists("hash_pbkdf2")) {
function hash_pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output = false) {
class pbkdf2 {
public $algorithm;
public $password;
public $salt;
public $count;
public $key_length;
public $raw_output;
private $hash_length;
private $output = "";
public function __construct($data = null)
{
if ($data != null) {
$this->init($data);
}
}
public function init($data)
{
$this->algorithm = $data["algorithm"];
$this->password = $data["password"];
$this->salt = $data["salt"];
$this->count = $data["count"];
$this->key_length = $data["key_length"];
$this->raw_output = $data["raw_output"];
}
public function hash()
{
$this->algorithm = strtolower($this->algorithm);
if(!in_array($this->algorithm, hash_algos(), true))
throw new Exception('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid hash algorithm.');
if($this->count <= 0 || $this->key_length <= 0)
throw new Exception('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid parameters.');
$this->hash_length = strlen(hash($this->algorithm, "", true));
$block_count = ceil($this->key_length / $this->hash_length);
for ($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++) {
// $i encoded as 4 bytes, big endian.
$last = $this->salt . pack("N", $i);
// first iteration
$last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($this->algorithm, $last, $this->password, true);
// perform the other $this->count - 1 iterations
for ($j = 1; $j < $this->count; $j++) {
$xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($this->algorithm, $last, $this->password, true));
}
$this->output .= $xorsum;
if($this->raw_output)
return substr($this->output, 0, $this->key_length);
else
return bin2hex(substr($this->output, 0, $this->key_length));
}
}
}
$data = array('algorithm' => $algorithm, 'password' => $password, 'salt' => $salt, 'count' => $count, 'key_length' => $key_length, 'raw_output' => $raw_output);
try {
$pbkdf2 = new pbkdf2($data);
return $pbkdf2->hash();
} catch (Exception $e) {
throw $e;
}
}
}
[#5] Anonymous [2013-07-13 16:29:31]
Sadly this function was added in PHP 5.5 but many webservers just provide PHP 5.3. But there exists a pure PHP implementation (found here: https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm).
I took this implementation, put it into a class with comments for PHPDoc and added a switch so that the native PHP function is used if available.
Feel free to use it!
http://pastebin.com/f5PDq735
(Posted on pastebin.com since the text would have been too long)