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前言 简介 概览 使用场景 Spring 2.0和 2.5的新特性 简介 控制反转(IoC)容器 新的bean作用域 更简单的XML配置 可扩展的XML编写 Annotation(注解)驱动配置 在classpath中自动搜索组件 面向切面编程(AOP) 更加简单的AOP XML配置 对@AspectJ 切面的支持 对bean命名pointcut( bean name pointcut element)的支持 对AspectJ装载时织入(AspectJ load-time weaving)的支持 中间层 在XML里更为简单的声明性事务配置 对Websphere 事务管理的完整支持 JPA 异步的JMS JDBC Web层 Spring MVC合理的默认值 Portlet 框架 基于Annotation的控制器 Spring MVC的表单标签库 对Tiles 2 支持 对JSF 1.2支持 JAX-WS支持 其他 动态语言支持 增强的测试支持 JMX 支持 将Spring 应用程序上下文部署为JCA adapter 计划任务 对Java 5 (Tiger) 支持 移植到Spring 2.5 改变 支持的JDK版本 Spring 2.5的Jar打包 XML配置 Deprecated(淘汰)的类和方法 Apache OJB iBATIS Hibernate JDO UrlFilenameViewController 更新的样例应用 改进的文档 核心技术 IoC(控制反转)容器 简介 基本原理 - 容器和bean 容器 配置元数据 实例化容器 XML配置元数据的结构 多种bean bean的命名 bean的别名 实例化bean 用构造器来实例化 使用静态工厂方法实例化 使用实例工厂方法实例化 使用容器 依赖 注入依赖 构造器注入 构造器参数解析 构造器参数类型匹配 构造参数索引 Setter注入 一些例子 依赖配置详解 直接变量(基本类型、Strings类型等。) idref元素 引用其它的bean(协作者) 内部bean 集合 集合的合并 强类型集合(仅适用于Java5+) Nulls XML配置文件的简写及其他 XML-based configuration metadata shortcuts 使用p名称空间配置属性 组合属性名称 使用depends-on 延迟初始化bean 自动装配(autowire)协作者 将bean排除在自动装配之外 依赖检查 方法注入 Lookup方法注入 自定义方法的替代方案 Bean的作用域 Singleton作用域 Prototype作用域 Singleton beans和prototype-bean的依赖 其他作用域 初始化web配置 Request作用域 Session作用域 global session作用域 作用域bean与依赖 选择创建代理的类型 自定义作用域 创建自定义作用域 使用自定义作用域 定制bean特性 生命周期回调 初始化回调 析构回调 缺省的初始化和析构方法 组合生命周期机制 在非web应用中优雅地关闭Spring IoC容器 了解自己 BeanFactoryAware BeanNameAware bean定义的继承 容器扩展点 用BeanPostProcessor定制bean 使用BeanPostProcessor的Hello World示例 RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor示例 用BeanFactoryPostProcessor定制配置元数据 PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer示例 PropertyOverrideConfigurer示例 使用FactoryBean定制实例化逻辑 The ApplicationContext BeanFactory 还是 ApplicationContext? 利用MessageSource实现国际化 事件 底层资源的访问 ApplicationContext在WEB应用中的实例化 粘合代码和可怕的singleton 以J2EE RAR文件的形式部署Spring ApplicationContext 基于注解(Annotation-based)的配置 @Autowired 基于注解的自动连接微调 CustomAutowireConfigurer @Resource @PostConstruct 与 @PreDestroy 对受管组件的Classpath扫描 @Component和更多典型化注解 自动检测组件 使用过滤器自定义扫描 自动检测组件的命名 为自动检测的组件提供一个作用域 用注解提供限定符元数据 注册一个LoadTimeWeaver 资源 简介 Resource接口 内置 Resource 实现 UrlResource ClassPathResource FileSystemResource ServletContextResource InputStreamResource ByteArrayResource ResourceLoader接口 ResourceLoaderAware 接口 把Resource作为属性来配置 Application context 和Resource 路径 构造application context 创建 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 实例 - 简介 Application context构造器中资源路径的通配符 Ant风格的pattern 潜在的可移植性 classpath*: 前缀 其他关于通配符的说明 FileSystemResource 说明 校验,数据绑定,BeanWrapper,与属性编辑器 简介 使用Spring的Validator接口进行校验 从错误代码到错误信息 Bean处理和BeanWrapper 设置和获取属性值以及嵌套属性 内建的PropertyEditor实现 注册用户自定义的PropertyEditor 使用PropertyEditorRegistrars 使用Spring进行面向切面编程(AOP) 简介 AOP概念 Spring AOP的功能和目标 AOP代理 @AspectJ支持 启用@AspectJ支持 声明一个切面 声明一个切入点(pointcut) 切入点指示符(PCD)的支持 组合切入点表达式 共享通用切入点定义 示例 声明通知 前置通知 后置通知(After returning advice) 异常通知(After throwing advice) 最终通知(After (finally) advice) 环绕通知 通知参数(Advice parameters) 访问当前的连接点 传递参数给通知 确定参数名 处理参数 通知顺序 引入(Introduction) 切面实例化模型 例子 基于Schema的AOP支持 声明一个切面 声明一个切入点 声明通知 前置通知 后置通知 异常通知 最终通知 环绕通知 通知参数 通知顺序 引入 切面实例化模型 Advisor 例子 AOP声明风格的选择 Spring AOP还是完全用AspectJ? Spring AOP中使用@AspectJ还是XML? 混合切面类型 代理机制 理解AOP代理 以编程方式创建@AspectJ代理 在Spring应用中使用AspectJ 在Spring中使用AspectJ进行domain object的依赖注入 @Configurable对象的单元测试 Working with multiple application contexts Spring中其他的AspectJ切面 使用Spring IoC来配置AspectJ的切面 在Spring应用中使用AspectJ加载时织入(LTW) 第一个例子 切面 'META-INF/aop.xml' 相关类库(JARS) Spring配置 特定环境的配置 通用Java应用 Tomcat WebLogic 更多资源 Spring AOP APIs 简介 Spring中的切入点API 概念 切入点运算 AspectJ切入点表达式 便利的切入点实现 静态切入点 正则表达式切入点 属性驱动的切入点 动态切入点 控制流切入点 切入点的超类 自定义切入点 Spring的通知API 通知的生命周期 Spring里的通知类型 拦截环绕通知 前置通知 异常通知 后置通知 引入通知 Spring里的Advisor API 使用ProxyFactoryBean创建AOP代理 基础 JavaBean属性 基于JDK和CGLIB的代理 对接口进行代理 对类进行代理 使用“全局”通知器 简化代理定义 使用ProxyFactory通过编程创建AOP代理 操作被通知对象 使用“自动代理(autoproxy)”功能 自动代理bean定义 BeanNameAutoProxyCreator DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 使用元数据驱动的自动代理 使用TargetSource 热交换目标源 池化目标源 原型目标源 ThreadLocal目标源 定义新的Advice类型 更多资源 测试 简介 单元测试 Mock对象 JNDI Servlet API Portlet API 单元测试支持类 通用工具类 Spring MVC 集成测试 概览 使用哪个支持框架 通用目标 上下文管理及缓存 测试fixtures依赖注入 事务管理 集成测试支持类 JDBC测试支持 常用注解 JUnit 3.8遗留支持 上下文管理及缓存 测试fixture依赖注入 字段级别(Field Level)注入 事务管理 JUnit 3.8 遗留支持类 Java 5+ 专有支持 使用注解的事务相关测试 JPA支持类 Spring TestContext Framework 主要的抽象 上下文管理和缓存 测试fixture的依赖注入 事务管理 TestContext支持类 JUnit 3.8支持类 JUnit 4.4支持类 定制JUnit 4.4运行器 TestNG支持类 TestContext框架注解支持 PetClinic示例 更多资源 中间层数据访问 事务管理 简介 动机 关键抽象 使用资源同步的事务 高层次方案 低层次方案 TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy 声明式事务管理 理解Spring的声明式事务管理实现 第一个例子 回滚 为不同的bean配置不同的事务语义 <tx:advice/> 有关的设置 使用 @Transactional @Transactional 有关的设置 事务传播 required RequiresNew Nested 通知事务操作 结合AspectJ使用 @Transactional 编程式事务管理 使用TransactionTemplate 指定事务设置 使用PlatformTransactionManager 选择编程式事务管理还是声明式事务管理 与特定应用服务器集成 IBM WebSphere BEA WebLogic Oracle OC4J 常见问题的解决方法 对一个特定的 DataSource 使用了错误的事务管理器 更多的资源 DAO支持 简介 一致的异常层次 一致的DAO支持抽象类 使用JDBC进行数据访问 简介 选择一种工作模式 Spring JDBC包结构 利用JDBC核心类控制JDBC的基本操作和错误处理 JdbcTemplate类 一些示例 查询(SELECT) 更新(INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) 其他操作 JdbcTemplate 的最佳实践 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate类 SimpleJdbcTemplate类 DataSource接口 SQLExceptionTranslator接口 执行SQL语句 执行查询 更新数据库 获取自动生成的主键 控制数据库连接 DataSourceUtils类 SmartDataSource接口 AbstractDataSource类 SingleConnectionDataSource类 DriverManagerDataSource类 TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy类 DataSourceTransactionManager类 NativeJdbcExtractor JDBC批量操作 使用JdbcTemplate进行批量操作 使用SimpleJdbcTemplate进行批量操作 通过使用SimpleJdbc类简化JDBC操作 使用SimpleJdbcInsert插入数据 使用SimpleJdbcInsert来获取自动生成的主键 指定SimpleJdbcInsert所使用的字段 使用SqlParameterSource提供参数值 使用SimpleJdbcCall调用存储过程 声明SimpleJdbcCall使用的参数 如何定义SqlParameters 使用SimpleJdbcCall调用内置函数 使用SimpleJdbcCall返回的ResultSet/REF Cursor 用Java对象来表达JDBC操作 SqlQuery类 MappingSqlQuery类 SqlUpdate类 StoredProcedure类 SqlFunction类 参数和数据处理的基本原则 为参数设置SQL类型信息 处理BLOB 和 CLOB对象 在IN语句中传入一组参数值 处理复杂类型的存储过程调用 使用ORM工具进行数据访问 简介 Hibernate 资源管理 在Spring容器中创建 SessionFactory The HibernateTemplate 不使用回调的基于Spring的DAO实现 基于Hibernate3的原生API实现DAO 编程式的事务划分 声明式的事务划分 事务管理策略 容器资源 vs 本地资源 在应用服务器中使用Hibernate的注意事项 JDO 建立PersistenceManagerFactory JdoTemplate和JdoDaoSupport 基于原生的JDO API实现DAO 事务管理 JdoDialect Oracle TopLink SessionFactory 抽象层 TopLinkTemplate and TopLinkDaoSupport 基于原生的TopLink API的DAO实现 事务管理 iBATIS SQL Maps 创建SqlMapClient 使用 SqlMapClientTemplate 和 SqlMapClientDaoSupport 基于原生的iBATIS API的DAO实现 JPA 在Spring环境中建立JPA LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean 从JNDI中获取 EntityManagerFactory LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean Tomcat(5.0以上)加载时的织入配置 使用VM代理的全局加载时织入 上下文范围内的加载时织入配置 处理多持久化单元 JpaTemplate 和 JpaDaoSupport 基于原生的JPA实现DAO 异常转化 事务管理 JpaDialect The Web Web MVC framework Web框架 概述 与其他MVC实现框架的集成 Spring Web MVC框架的特点 DispatcherServlet 控制器 AbstractController 和 WebContentGenerator 其它的简单控制器 MultiActionController 命令控制器 处理器映射(handler mapping) BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping SimpleUrlHandlerMapping 拦截器(HandlerInterceptor) 视图与视图解析 视图解析器(ViewResolver) 视图解析链 重定向(Rediret)到另一个视图 RedirectView redirect:前缀 forward:前缀 本地化解析器 AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver CookieLocaleResolver SessionLocaleResolver LocaleChangeInterceptor 使用主题 简介 如何定义主题 主题解析器 Spring对分段文件上传(multipart file upload)的支持 介绍 使用MultipartResolver 在表单中处理分段文件上传 使用Spring的表单标签库 配置 form标签 input标签 checkbox标签 checkboxes标签 radiobutton标签 radiobuttons标签 password标签 select标签 option标签 options标签 textarea标签 hidden标签 errors标签 处理异常 惯例优先原则(convention over configuration) 对控制器的支持:ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping 对模型的支持:ModelMap(ModelAndView) 对视图的支持:RequestToViewNameTranslator 基于注解的控制器配置 建立dispatcher实现注解支持 使用@Controller定义一个控制器 使用@RequestMapping映射请求 使用@RequestParam绑定请求参数到方法参数 使用@ModelAttribute提供一个从模型到数据的链接 使用@SessionAttributes指定存储在会话中的属性 自定义WebDataBinder初始化 使用@InitBinder自定义数据绑定 配置一个定制的WebBindingInitializer 更多资源 集成视图技术 简介 JSP和JSTL 视图解析器 'Plain-old' JSPs versus JSTL 'Plain-old' JSP与JSTL 帮助简化开发的额外的标签 Tiles 需要的资源 如何集成Tiles UrlBasedViewResolver类 ResourceBundleViewResolver类 SimpleSpringPreparerFactory 和 SpringBeanPreparerFactory Velocity和FreeMarker 需要的资源 Context 配置 创建模板 高级配置 velocity.properties FreeMarker 绑定支持和表单处理 用于绑定的宏 简单绑定 表单输入生成宏 输入域 选择输入域 重载HTML转码行为并使你的标签符合XHTML XSLT 写在段首 Bean 定义 标准MVC控制器代码 把模型数据转化为XML 定义视图属性 文档转换 小结 文档视图(PDF/Excel) 简介 配置和安装 文档视图定义 Controller 代码 Excel视图子类 PDF视图子类 JasperReports 依赖的资源 配置 配置ViewResolver 配置View 关于报表文件 使用 JasperReportsMultiFormatView 构造ModelAndView 使用子报表 配置子报表文件 配置子报表数据源 配置Exporter的参数 集成其它Web框架 简介 通用配置 JavaServer Faces DelegatingVariableResolver FacesContextUtils Struts ContextLoaderPlugin DelegatingRequestProcessor DelegatingActionProxy ActionSupport Classes Tapestry 注入 Spring 托管的 beans 将 Spring Beans 注入到 Tapestry 页面中 组件定义文件 添加抽象访问方法 将 Spring Beans 注入到 Tapestry 页面中 - Tapestry 4.0+ 风格 WebWork 更多资源 Portlet MVC框架 介绍 控制器 - MVC中的C 视图 - MVC中的V Web作用范围的Bean DispatcherPortlet ViewRendererServlet 控制器 AbstractController 和 PortletContentGenerator 其它简单的控制器 Command控制器 PortletWrappingController 处理器映射 PortletModeHandlerMapping ParameterHandlerMapping PortletModeParameterHandlerMapping 增加 HandlerInterceptors HandlerInterceptorAdapter ParameterMappingInterceptor 视图和它们的解析 Multipart文件上传支持 使用 PortletMultipartResolver 处理表单里的文件上传 异常处理 Portlet应用的部署 整合 使用Spring进行远程访问与Web服务 简介 使用RMI暴露服务 使用RmiServiceExporter暴露服务 在客户端链接服务 使用Hessian或者Burlap通过HTTP远程调用服务 为Hessian和co.配置DispatcherServlet 使用HessianServiceExporter暴露你的bean 在客户端连接服务 使用Burlap 对通过Hessian或Burlap暴露的服务使用HTTP Basic认证 使用HTTP调用器暴露服务 Exposing the service object 在客户端连接服务 Web Services 使用JAX-RPC暴露基于servlet的web服务 使用JAX-RPC访问web服务 注册JAX-RPC Bean映射 注册自己的JAX-RPC 处理器 使用JAX-WS暴露基于servlet的web服务 使用JAX-WS暴露单独web服务 使用Spring支持的JAX-WS RI来暴露服务 使用JAX-WS访问web服务 使用XFire来暴露Web服务 JMS 服务端配置 客户端配置 对远程接口不提供自动探测实现 在选择这些技术时的一些考虑 Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) 集成 简介 访问EJB 概念 访问本地的无状态Session Bean(SLSB) 访问远程SLSB Accessing EJB 2.x SLSBs versus EJB 3 SLSBs 使用Spring提供的辅助类实现EJB组件 EJB 2.x base classes EJB 3 注入拦截 JMS (Java Message Service) 简介 使用Spring JMS JmsTemplate 连接工厂 目的地管理 消息侦听容器 SimpleMessageListenerContainer DefaultMessageListenerContainer ServerSessionMessageListenerContainer 事务管理 发送消息 使用消息转换器 SessionCallback 和 ProducerCallback 接收消息 同步接收 异步接收 - 消息驱动的POJO SessionAwareMessageListener接口 MessageListenerAdapter 事务中的消息处理 JCA消息端点的支持 JMS命名空间支持 JMX 介绍 将Bean暴露为JMX 创建MBeanServer 重用原有的MBeanServer 延迟初始化的MBean MBean的自动注册 控制注册行为 控制Bean的管理接口 MBeanInfoAssembler接口 使用源码级元数据 使用JDK 5.0的注解 源代码级的元数据类型 AutodetectCapableMBeanInfoAssembler接口 用Java接口定义管理接口 使用MethodNameBasedMBeanInfoAssembler 控制Bean的ObjectName 从Properties读取Properties 使用MetadataNamingStrategy <context:mbean-export/>元素 JSR-160连接器 服务器端连接器 客户端连接器 基于Burlap/Hessian/SOAP的JMX 通过代理访问MBean 通知 为通知注册监听器 发布通知 更多资源 JCA CCI 简介 配置CCI 连接器配置 在Spring中配置ConnectionFactory 配置CCI连接 使用一个 CCI 单连接 使用Spring的 CCI访问支持 记录转换 CciTemplate类 DAO支持 自动输出记录生成 总结 直接使用一个CCI Connection接口和Interaction接口 CciTemplate 使用示例 建模CCI访问为操作对象 MappingRecordOperation MappingCommAreaOperation 自动生成输出记录 总结 MappingRecordOperation 使用示例 MappingCommAreaOperation 使用示例 事务 Spring邮件抽象层 简介 使用Spring邮件抽象 MailSender 和 SimpleMailMessage 的基本用法 使用 JavaMailSender 和 MimeMessagePreparator 使用MimeMessageHelper 发送附件和嵌入式资源(inline resources) 附件 内嵌资源 使用模板来创建邮件内容 一个基于Velocity的示例 Spring中的定时调度(Scheduling)和线程池(Thread Pooling) 简介 使用OpenSymphony Quartz 调度器 使用JobDetailBean 使用 MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean 使用triggers和SchedulerFactoryBean来包装任务 使用JDK Timer支持类 创建定制的timers 使用 MethodInvokingTimerTaskFactoryBean类 最后:使用TimerFactoryBean来设置任务 SpringTaskExecutor抽象 TaskExecutor接口 TaskExecutor类型 使用TaskExecutor 动态语言支持 介绍 第一个示例 定义动态语言支持的bean 公共概念 <lang:language/> 元素 Refreshable bean 内置动态语言源文件 理解dynamic-language-backed bean上下文中的构造器注入 JRuby beans Groovy beans 通过回调定制Groovy对象 BeanShell beans 场景 Spring MVC控制器的脚本化 Validator的脚本化 Bits and bobs AOP - 通知脚本化bean 作用域 更多的资源 注解和源代码级的元数据支持 简介 Spring的元数据支持 注解 @Required Spring中的其它@Annotations Jakarta Commons Attributes集成 元数据和Spring AOP自动代理 基本原理 声明式事务管理 示例程序 演示案例 介绍 使用动态语言实现的Spring MVC控制器 构建与部署 使用SimpleJdbcTemplate和@Repository实现DAO 域对象 Data Access Object 构建 XML Schema-based configuration Introduction XML Schema-based configuration Referencing the schemas The util schema <util:constant/> Setting a bean property or constructor arg from a field value <util:property-path/> Using <util:property-path/> to set a bean property or constructor-argument <util:properties/> <util:list/> <util:map/> <util:set/> The jee schema <jee:jndi-lookup/> (simple) <jee:jndi-lookup/> (with single JNDI environment setting) <jee:jndi-lookup/> (with multiple JNDI environment settings) <jee:jndi-lookup/> (complex) <jee:local-slsb/> (simple) <jee:local-slsb/> (complex) <jee:remote-slsb/> The lang schema The jms schema The tx (transaction) schema The aop schema The context schema <property-placeholder/> <annotation-config/> <component-scan/> <load-time-weaver/> <spring-configured/> <mbean-export/> The tool schema The beans schema Setting up your IDE Setting up Eclipse Setting up IntelliJ IDEA Integration issues XML parsing errors in the Resin v.3 application server Extensible XML authoring Introduction Authoring the schema Coding a NamespaceHandler Coding a BeanDefinitionParser Registering the handler and the schema 'META-INF/spring.handlers' 'META-INF/spring.schemas' Using a custom extension in your Spring XML configuration Meatier examples Nesting custom tags within custom tags Custom attributes on 'normal' elements Further Resources spring-beans-2.0.dtd spring.tld Introduction The bind tag The escapeBody tag The hasBindErrors tag The htmlEscape tag The message tag The nestedPath tag The theme tag The transform tag spring-form.tld Introduction The checkbox tag The checkboxes tag The errors tag The form tag The hidden tag The input tag The label tag The option tag The options tag The password tag The radiobutton tag The radiobuttons tag The select tag The textarea tag Spring 2.5开发手册中文化项目 声明 致谢 参与人员 项目历程
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附录 C. spring-beans-2.0.dtd

<!--
	Spring XML Beans DTD, version 2.0
	Authors: Rod Johnson, Juergen Hoeller, Alef Arendsen, Colin Sampaleanu, Rob Harrop

	This defines a simple and consistent way of creating a namespace
	of JavaBeans objects, managed by a Spring BeanFactory, read by
	XmlBeanDefinitionReader (with DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader).

	This document type is used by most Spring functionality, including
	web application contexts, which are based on bean factories.

	Each "bean" element in this document defines a JavaBean.
	Typically the bean class is specified, along with JavaBean properties
	and/or constructor arguments.

	A bean instance can be a "singleton" (shared instance) or a "prototype"
	(independent instance). Further scopes can be provided by extended
	bean factories, for example in a web environment.

	References among beans are supported, that is, setting a JavaBean property
	or a constructor argument to refer to another bean in the same factory
	(or an ancestor factory).

	As alternative to bean references, "inner bean definitions" can be used.
	Singleton flags of such inner bean definitions are effectively ignored:
	Inner beans are typically anonymous prototypes.

	There is also support for lists, sets, maps, and java.util.Properties
	as bean property types or constructor argument types.

	For simple purposes, this DTD is sufficient. As of Spring 2.0,
	XSD-based bean definitions are supported as more powerful alternative.

	XML documents that conform to this DTD should declare the following doctype:

	<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN"
		"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd">
-->


<!--
	The document root. A document can contain bean definitions only,
	imports only, or a mixture of both (typically with imports first).
-->
<!ELEMENT beans (
	description?,
	(import | alias | bean)*
)>

<!--
	Default values for all bean definitions. Can be overridden at
	the "bean" level. See those attribute definitions for details.
-->
<!ATTLIST beans default-lazy-init (true | false) "false">
<!ATTLIST beans default-autowire (no | byName | byType | constructor | autodetect) "no">
<!ATTLIST beans default-dependency-check (none | objects | simple | all) "none">
<!ATTLIST beans default-init-method CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST beans default-destroy-method CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST beans default-merge (true | false) "false">

<!--
	Element containing informative text describing the purpose of the enclosing
	element. Always optional.
	Used primarily for user documentation of XML bean definition documents.
-->
<!ELEMENT description (#PCDATA)>


<!--
	Specifies an XML bean definition resource to import.
-->
<!ELEMENT import EMPTY>

<!--
	The relative resource location of the XML bean definition file to import,
	for example "myImport.xml" or "includes/myImport.xml" or "../myImport.xml".
-->
<!ATTLIST import resource CDATA #REQUIRED>


<!--
	Defines an alias for a bean, which can reside in a different definition file.
-->
<!ELEMENT alias EMPTY>

<!--
	The name of the bean to define an alias for.
-->
<!ATTLIST alias name CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!--
	The alias name to define for the bean.
-->
<!ATTLIST alias alias CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!--
  Allows for arbitrary metadata to be attached to a bean definition.
-->
<!ELEMENT meta EMPTY>

<!--
  Specifies the key name of the metadata parameter being defined.
-->
<!ATTLIST meta key CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!--
  Specifies the value of the metadata parameter being defined as a String.
-->
<!ATTLIST meta value CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!--
	Defines a single (usually named) bean.

	A bean definition may contain nested tags for constructor arguments,
	property values, lookup methods, and replaced methods. Mixing constructor
	injection and setter injection on the same bean is explicitly supported.
-->
<!ELEMENT bean (
	description?,
	(meta | constructor-arg | property | lookup-method | replaced-method)*
)>

<!--
	Beans can be identified by an id, to enable reference checking.

	There are constraints on a valid XML id: if you want to reference your bean
	in Java code using a name that's illegal as an XML id, use the optional
	"name" attribute. If neither is given, the bean class name is used as id
	(with an appended counter like "#2" if there is already a bean with that name).
-->
<!ATTLIST bean id ID #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Optional. Can be used to create one or more aliases illegal in an id.
	Multiple aliases can be separated by any number of spaces, commas, or
	semi-colons (or indeed any mixture of the three).
-->
<!ATTLIST bean name CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Each bean definition must specify the fully qualified name of the class,
	except if it pure serves as parent for child bean definitions.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean class CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Optionally specify a parent bean definition.

	Will use the bean class of the parent if none specified, but can
	also override it. In the latter case, the child bean class must be
	compatible with the parent, i.e. accept the parent's property values
	and constructor argument values, if any.

	A child bean definition will inherit constructor argument values,
	property values and method overrides from the parent, with the option
	to add new values. If init method, destroy method, factory bean and/or factory
	method are specified, they will override the corresponding parent settings.

	The remaining settings will always be taken from the child definition:
	depends on, autowire mode, dependency check, scope, lazy init.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean parent CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	The scope of this bean: typically "singleton" (one shared instance,
	which will be returned by all calls to getBean() with the id),
	or "prototype" (independent instance resulting from each call to
	getBean(). Default is "singleton".

	Singletons are most commonly used, and are ideal for multi-threaded
	service objects. Further scopes, such as "request" or "session",
	might be supported by extended bean factories (for example, in a
	web environment).

	Note: This attribute will not be inherited by child bean definitions.
	Hence, it needs to be specified per concrete bean definition.

	Inner bean definitions inherit the singleton status of their containing
	bean definition, unless explicitly specified: The inner bean will be a
	singleton if the containing bean is a singleton, and a prototype if
	the containing bean has any other scope.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean scope CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Is this bean "abstract", i.e. not meant to be instantiated itself but
	rather just serving as parent for concrete child bean definitions.
	Default is "false". Specify "true" to tell the bean factory to not try to
	instantiate that particular bean in any case.

	Note: This attribute will not be inherited by child bean definitions.
	Hence, it needs to be specified per abstract bean definition.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean abstract (true | false) #IMPLIED>

<!--
	If this bean should be lazily initialized.
	If false, it will get instantiated on startup by bean factories
	that perform eager initialization of singletons.

	Note: This attribute will not be inherited by child bean definitions.
	Hence, it needs to be specified per concrete bean definition.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean lazy-init (true | false | default) "default">

<!--
  Indicates whether or not this bean should be considered when looking
  for candidates to satisfy another beans autowiring requirements.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean autowire-candidate (true | false) #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Optional attribute controlling whether to "autowire" bean properties.
	This is an automagical process in which bean references don't need to be coded
	explicitly in the XML bean definition file, but Spring works out dependencies.

	There are 5 modes:

	1. "no"
	The traditional Spring default. No automagical wiring. Bean references
	must be defined in the XML file via the <ref> element. We recommend this
	in most cases as it makes documentation more explicit.

	2. "byName"
	Autowiring by property name. If a bean of class Cat exposes a dog property,
	Spring will try to set this to the value of the bean "dog" in the current factory.
	If there is no matching bean by name, nothing special happens;
	use dependency-check="objects" to raise an error in that case.

	3. "byType"
	Autowiring if there is exactly one bean of the property type in the bean factory.
	If there is more than one, a fatal error is raised, and you can't use byType
	autowiring for that bean. If there is none, nothing special happens;
	use dependency-check="objects" to raise an error in that case.

	4. "constructor"
	Analogous to "byType" for constructor arguments. If there isn't exactly one bean
	of the constructor argument type in the bean factory, a fatal error is raised.

	5. "autodetect"
	Chooses "constructor" or "byType" through introspection of the bean class.
	If a default constructor is found, "byType" gets applied.

	The latter two are similar to PicoContainer and make bean factories simple to
	configure for small namespaces, but doesn't work as well as standard Spring
	behaviour for bigger applications.

	Note that explicit dependencies, i.e. "property" and "constructor-arg" elements,
	always override autowiring. Autowire behavior can be combined with dependency
	checking, which will be performed after all autowiring has been completed.

	Note: This attribute will not be inherited by child bean definitions.
	Hence, it needs to be specified per concrete bean definition.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean autowire (no | byName | byType | constructor | autodetect | default) "default">

<!--
	Optional attribute controlling whether to check whether all this
	beans dependencies, expressed in its properties, are satisfied.
	Default is no dependency checking.

	"simple" type dependency checking includes primitives and String;
	"objects" includes collaborators (other beans in the factory);
	"all" includes both types of dependency checking.

	Note: This attribute will not be inherited by child bean definitions.
	Hence, it needs to be specified per concrete bean definition.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean dependency-check (none | objects | simple | all | default) "default">

<!--
	The names of the beans that this bean depends on being initialized.
	The bean factory will guarantee that these beans get initialized before.

	Note that dependencies are normally expressed through bean properties or
	constructor arguments. This property should just be necessary for other kinds
	of dependencies like statics (*ugh*) or database preparation on startup.

	Note: This attribute will not be inherited by child bean definitions.
	Hence, it needs to be specified per concrete bean definition.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean depends-on CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Optional attribute for the name of the custom initialization method
	to invoke after setting bean properties. The method must have no arguments,
	but may throw any exception.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean init-method CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Optional attribute for the name of the custom destroy method to invoke
	on bean factory shutdown. The method must have no arguments,
	but may throw any exception.

	Note: Only invoked on beans whose lifecycle is under full control
	of the factory - which is always the case for singletons, but not
	guaranteed for any other scope.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean destroy-method CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Optional attribute specifying the name of a factory method to use to
	create this object. Use constructor-arg elements to specify arguments
	to the factory method, if it takes arguments. Autowiring does not apply
	to factory methods.

	If the "class" attribute is present, the factory method will be a static
	method on the class specified by the "class" attribute on this bean
	definition. Often this will be the same class as that of the constructed
	object - for example, when the factory method is used as an alternative
	to a constructor. However, it may be on a different class. In that case,
	the created object will *not* be of the class specified in the "class"
	attribute. This is analogous to FactoryBean behavior.

	If the "factory-bean" attribute is present, the "class" attribute is not
	used, and the factory method will be an instance method on the object
	returned from a getBean call with the specified bean name. The factory
	bean may be defined as a singleton or a prototype.

	The factory method can have any number of arguments. Autowiring is not
	supported. Use indexed constructor-arg elements in conjunction with the
	factory-method attribute.

	Setter Injection can be used in conjunction with a factory method.
	Method Injection cannot, as the factory method returns an instance,
	which will be used when the container creates the bean.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean factory-method CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Alternative to class attribute for factory-method usage.
	If this is specified, no class attribute should be used.
	This should be set to the name of a bean in the current or
	ancestor factories that contains the relevant factory method.
	This allows the factory itself to be configured using Dependency
	Injection, and an instance (rather than static) method to be used.
-->
<!ATTLIST bean factory-bean CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Bean definitions can specify zero or more constructor arguments.
	This is an alternative to "autowire constructor".
	Arguments correspond to either a specific index of the constructor argument
	list or are supposed to be matched generically by type.

	Note: A single generic argument value will just be used once, rather than
	potentially matched multiple times (as of Spring 1.1).

	constructor-arg elements are also used in conjunction with the factory-method
	element to construct beans using static or instance factory methods.
-->
<!ELEMENT constructor-arg (
	description?,
	(bean | ref | idref | value | null | list | set | map | props)?
)>

<!--
	The constructor-arg tag can have an optional index attribute,
	to specify the exact index in the constructor argument list. Only needed
	to avoid ambiguities, e.g. in case of 2 arguments of the same type.
-->
<!ATTLIST constructor-arg index CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	The constructor-arg tag can have an optional type attribute,
	to specify the exact type of the constructor argument. Only needed
	to avoid ambiguities, e.g. in case of 2 single argument constructors
	that can both be converted from a String.
-->
<!ATTLIST constructor-arg type CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
  A short-cut alternative to a child element "ref bean=".
-->
<!ATTLIST constructor-arg ref CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
  A short-cut alternative to a child element "value".
-->
<!ATTLIST constructor-arg value CDATA #IMPLIED>


<!--
	Bean definitions can have zero or more properties.
	Property elements correspond to JavaBean setter methods exposed
	by the bean classes. Spring supports primitives, references to other
	beans in the same or related factories, lists, maps and properties.
-->
<!ELEMENT property (
	description?, meta*,
	(bean | ref | idref | value | null | list | set | map | props)?
)>

<!--
	The property name attribute is the name of the JavaBean property.
	This follows JavaBean conventions: a name of "age" would correspond
	to setAge()/optional getAge() methods.
-->
<!ATTLIST property name CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!--
  A short-cut alternative to a child element "ref bean=".
-->
<!ATTLIST property ref CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
  A short-cut alternative to a child element "value".
-->
<!ATTLIST property value CDATA #IMPLIED>


<!--
	A lookup method causes the IoC container to override the given method and return
	the bean with the name given in the bean attribute. This is a form of Method Injection.
	It's particularly useful as an alternative to implementing the BeanFactoryAware
	interface, in order to be able to make getBean() calls for non-singleton instances
	at runtime. In this case, Method Injection is a less invasive alternative.
-->
<!ELEMENT lookup-method EMPTY>

<!--
	Name of a lookup method. This method should take no arguments.
-->
<!ATTLIST lookup-method name CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Name of the bean in the current or ancestor factories that the lookup method
	should resolve to. Often this bean will be a prototype, in which case the
	lookup method will return a distinct instance on every invocation. This
	is useful for single-threaded objects.
-->
<!ATTLIST lookup-method bean CDATA #IMPLIED>


<!--
	Similar to the lookup method mechanism, the replaced-method element is used to control
	IoC container method overriding: Method Injection. This mechanism allows the overriding
	of a method with arbitrary code.
-->
<!ELEMENT replaced-method (
	(arg-type)*
)>

<!--
	Name of the method whose implementation should be replaced by the IoC container.
	If this method is not overloaded, there's no need to use arg-type subelements.
	If this method is overloaded, arg-type subelements must be used for all
	override definitions for the method.
-->
<!ATTLIST replaced-method name CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Bean name of an implementation of the MethodReplacer interface in the current
	or ancestor factories. This may be a singleton or prototype bean. If it's
	a prototype, a new instance will be used for each method replacement.
	Singleton usage is the norm.
-->
<!ATTLIST replaced-method replacer CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Subelement of replaced-method identifying an argument for a replaced method
	in the event of method overloading.
-->
<!ELEMENT arg-type (#PCDATA)>

<!--
	Specification of the type of an overloaded method argument as a String.
	For convenience, this may be a substring of the FQN. E.g. all the
	following would match "java.lang.String":
	- java.lang.String
	- String
	- Str

	As the number of arguments will be checked also, this convenience can often
	be used to save typing.
-->
<!ATTLIST arg-type match CDATA #IMPLIED>


<!--
	Defines a reference to another bean in this factory or an external
	factory (parent or included factory).
-->
<!ELEMENT ref EMPTY>

<!--
	References must specify a name of the target bean.
	The "bean" attribute can reference any name from any bean in the context,
	to be checked at runtime.
	Local references, using the "local" attribute, have to use bean ids;
	they can be checked by this DTD, thus should be preferred for references
	within the same bean factory XML file.
-->
<!ATTLIST ref bean CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST ref local IDREF #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST ref parent CDATA #IMPLIED>


<!--
	Defines a string property value, which must also be the id of another
	bean in this factory or an external factory (parent or included factory).
	While a regular 'value' element could instead be used for the same effect,
	using idref in this case allows validation of local bean ids by the XML
	parser, and name completion by supporting tools.
-->
<!ELEMENT idref EMPTY>

<!--
	ID refs must specify a name of the target bean.
	The "bean" attribute can reference any name from any bean in the context,
	potentially to be checked at runtime by bean factory implementations.
	Local references, using the "local" attribute, have to use bean ids;
	they can be checked by this DTD, thus should be preferred for references
	within the same bean factory XML file.
-->
<!ATTLIST idref bean CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST idref local IDREF #IMPLIED>


<!--
	Contains a string representation of a property value.
	The property may be a string, or may be converted to the required
	type using the JavaBeans PropertyEditor machinery. This makes it
	possible for application developers to write custom PropertyEditor
	implementations that can convert strings to arbitrary target objects.

	Note that this is recommended for simple objects only.
	Configure more complex objects by populating JavaBean
	properties with references to other beans.
-->
<!ELEMENT value (#PCDATA)>

<!--
	The value tag can have an optional type attribute, to specify the
	exact type that the value should be converted to. Only needed
	if the type of the target property or constructor argument is
	too generic: for example, in case of a collection element.
-->
<!ATTLIST value type CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Denotes a Java null value. Necessary because an empty "value" tag
	will resolve to an empty String, which will not be resolved to a
	null value unless a special PropertyEditor does so.
-->
<!ELEMENT null (#PCDATA)>


<!--
	A list can contain multiple inner bean, ref, collection, or value elements.
	Java lists are untyped, pending generics support in Java 1.5,
	although references will be strongly typed.
	A list can also map to an array type. The necessary conversion
	is automatically performed by the BeanFactory.
-->
<!ELEMENT list (
	(bean | ref | idref | value | null | list | set | map | props)*
)>

<!--
	Enable/disable merging for collections when using parent/child beans.
-->
<!ATTLIST list merge (true | false | default) "default">

<!--
	Specify the default Java type for nested values.
-->
<!ATTLIST list value-type CDATA #IMPLIED>


<!--
	A set can contain multiple inner bean, ref, collection, or value elements.
	Java sets are untyped, pending generics support in Java 1.5,
	although references will be strongly typed.
-->
<!ELEMENT set (
	(bean | ref | idref | value | null | list | set | map | props)*
)>

<!--
	Enable/disable merging for collections when using parent/child beans.
-->
<!ATTLIST set merge (true | false | default) "default">

<!--
	Specify the default Java type for nested values.
-->
<!ATTLIST set value-type CDATA #IMPLIED>


<!--
	A Spring map is a mapping from a string key to object.
	Maps may be empty.
-->
<!ELEMENT map (
	(entry)*
)>

<!--
	Enable/disable merging for collections when using parent/child beans.
-->
<!ATTLIST map merge (true | false | default) "default">

<!--
	Specify the default Java type for nested entry keys.
-->
<!ATTLIST map key-type CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	Specify the default Java type for nested entry values.
-->
<!ATTLIST map value-type CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	A map entry can be an inner bean, ref, value, or collection.
	The key of the entry is given by the "key" attribute or child element.
-->
<!ELEMENT entry (
  key?,
	(bean | ref | idref | value | null | list | set | map | props)?
)>

<!--
	Each map element must specify its key as attribute or as child element.
	A key attribute is always a String value.
-->
<!ATTLIST entry key CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
  A short-cut alternative to a "key" element with a "ref bean=" child element.
-->
<!ATTLIST entry key-ref CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
  A short-cut alternative to a child element "value".
-->
<!ATTLIST entry value CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
  A short-cut alternative to a child element "ref bean=".
-->
<!ATTLIST entry value-ref CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!--
	A key element can contain an inner bean, ref, value, or collection.
-->
<!ELEMENT key (
	(bean | ref | idref | value | null | list | set | map | props)
)>


<!--
	Props elements differ from map elements in that values must be strings.
	Props may be empty.
-->
<!ELEMENT props (
	(prop)*
)>

<!--
	Enable/disable merging for collections when using parent/child beans.
-->
<!ATTLIST props merge (true | false | default) "default">

<!--
	Element content is the string value of the property.
	Note that whitespace is trimmed off to avoid unwanted whitespace
	caused by typical XML formatting.
-->
<!ELEMENT prop (#PCDATA)>

<!--
	Each property element must specify its key.
-->
<!ATTLIST prop key CDATA #REQUIRED>
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