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Numerics abs acos acosf acosh acoshf acoshl acosl asin asinf asinh asinhf asinhl asinl atan atan2 atan2f atan2l atanf atanh atanhf atanhl atanl cabs cabsf cabsl cacos cacosf cacosh cacoshf cacoshl cacosl carg cargf cargl casin casinf casinh casinhf casinhl casinl catan catanf catanh catanhf catanhl catanl cbrt cbrtf cbrtl ccos ccosf ccosh ccoshf ccoshl ccosl ceil ceilf ceill cexp cexpf cexpl cimag cimagf cimagl clog clogf clogl CMPLX CMPLXF CMPLXL Common mathematical functions complex Complex number arithmetic conj conjf conjl copysign copysignf copysignl cos cosf cosh coshf coshl cosl cpow cpowf cpowl cproj cprojf cprojl creal crealf creall csin csinf csinh csinhf csinhl csinl csqrt csqrtf csqrtl ctan ctanf ctanh ctanhf ctanhl ctanl div double_t erf erfc erfcf erfcl erff erfl exp exp2 exp2f exp2l expf expl expm1 expm1f expm1l fabs fabsf fabsl fdim feclearexcept fegetenv fegetexceptflag fegetround feholdexcept feraiseexcept fesetenv fesetexceptflag fesetround fetestexcept feupdateenv FE_ALL_EXCEPT FE_DFL_ENV FE_DIVBYZERO FE_DOWNWARD FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UNDERFLOW FE_UPWARD Floating-point environment float_t floor floorf floorl fma fmaf fmal fmax fmaxf fmaxl fmin fminf fminl fmod fmodf fmodl fpclassify FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO frexp frexpf frexpl HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL hypot hypotf hypotl I ilogb ilogbf ilogbl imaginary imaxabs imaxdiv INFINITY isfinite isgreater isgreaterequal isinf isless islessequal islessgreater isnan isnormal isunordered labs ldexp ldexpf ldexpl ldiv lgamma lgammaf lgammal llabs lldiv llrint llrintf llrintl llround llroundf llroundl log log10 log10f log10l log1p log1pf log1pl log2 log2f log2l logb logbf logbl logf logl lrint lrintf lrintl lround lroundf lroundl MATH_ERREXCEPT math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO modf modff modfl nan NAN nanf nanl nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl Numerics pow powf powl Pseudo-random number generation rand RAND_MAX remainder remainderf remainderl remquo remquof remquol rint rintf rintl round roundf roundl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl scalbn scalbnf scalbnl signbit sin sinf sinh sinhf sinhl sinl sqrt sqrtf sqrtl srand tan tanf tanh tanhf tanhl tanl tgamma tgammaf tgammal trunc truncf truncl Type-generic math _Complex_I _Imaginary_I Program support abort atexit at_quick_exit exit EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS getenv getenv_s jmp_buf longjmp Program support utilities quick_exit raise setjmp SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGILL SIGINT signal SIGSEGV SIGTERM sig_atomic_t SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN system _Exit Strings atof atoi atol atoll btowc c16rtomb c32rtomb char16_t char32_t isalnum isalpha isblank iscntrl isdigit isgraph islower isprint ispunct isspace isupper iswalnum iswalpha iswblank iswcntrl iswctype iswdigit iswgraph iswlower iswprint iswpunct iswspace iswupper iswxdigit isxdigit mblen mbrlen mbrtoc16 mbrtoc32 mbrtowc mbsinit mbsrtowcs mbsrtowcs_s mbstate_t mbstowcs mbstowcs_s mbtowc memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start
テキスト

赋值和复合赋值运算符是二元运算符,它们使用右侧的值将变量修改为左侧。

Operator

Operator name

Example

Description

Equivalent of

=

basic assignment

a = b

a becomes equal to b

N/A

+=

addition assignment

a += b

a becomes equal to the addition of a and b

a = a + b

-=

subtraction assignment

a -= b

a becomes equal to the subtraction of b from a

a = a - b

*=

multiplication assignment

a *= b

a becomes equal to the product of a and b

a = a * b

/=

division assignment

a /= b

a becomes equal to the division of a by b

a = a / b

%=

modulo assignment

a %= b

a becomes equal to the remainder of a divided by b

a = a % b

&=

bitwise AND assignment

a &= b

a becomes equal to the bitwise AND of a and b

a = a & b

|=

bitwise OR assignment

a |= b

a becomes equal to the bitwise OR of a and b

a = a | b

^=

bitwise XOR assignment

a ^= b

a becomes equal to the bitwise XOR of a and b

a = a ^ b

<<=

bitwise left shift assignment

a <<= b

a becomes equal to a left shifted by b

a = a << b

=

bitwise right shift assignment

a >>= b

a becomes equal to a right shifted by b

a = a >> b

简单的任务

简单赋值运算符表达式具有这种形式。

lhs = rhs



其中

lhs

-

modifiable lvalue expression of any complete object type

rhs

-

expression of any type implicitly convertible to lhs or compatible with lhs

赋值执行从 rhs 值到 rhs 类型的隐式转换,然后用转换后的 rhs 值替换由 lhs 指定的对象中的值。

赋值也返回与存储的值相同的值lhs(以便可能的表达式a = b = c)。赋值运算符的值类别是非左值(因此表达式(a=b)=c无效)。

rhs 和 lhs 必须满足以下条件之一:

  • lhs 和 rhs 都具有兼容的结构或联合类型,或..

  • rhs 必须可以隐式转换为 lhs,这意味着

    • lhs 和 rhs 都有算术类型,在这种情况下lhs可能是挥发性限定的或原子的

    • lhs和rhs都有指向兼容(忽略限定符)类型的指针,或者其中一个指针是指向void的指针,并且转换不会为指向类型添加限定符。lhs可能是挥发性的或限制性的或原子的。

    • lhs是一个指针(可能是限定的或原子的),rhs是一个空指针常量,如 NULL

    • lhs有类型_Bool(可能是合格的或原子的),rhs是一个指针

注意

如果 rhs 和 lhs 在内存中重叠(例如它们是同一联合的成员),则行为不确定,除非重叠是准确的并且类型是兼容的。

虽然数组不可分配,但是包装在结构中的数组可以分配给具有相同(或兼容)结构类型的另一个对象。

更新 lhs 的副作用在值计算之后进行排序,但不是 lhs和 rhs 本身的副作用以及操作数的评估像往常一样相对于彼此不相关(所以诸如i=++i; 的表达式是未定义的)。

赋值从浮点表达式中剥离了额外的范围和精度(请参阅参考资料FLT_EVAL_METHOD)。

在 C ++中,赋值运算符是左值表达式,而不是 C.

// todo more, demo struct{array} tooconst char **cpp;char *p;const char c = 'A';
 cpp = &p; // Error: char ** is not convertible to const char ***cpp = &c; // OK, char* is convertible to const char**p = 0; // OK, null pointer constant is convertible to any pointer

复合分配

复合赋值运算符表达式具有这种形式。

lhs op rhs



其中

操作

-

* =,/ =%=,+ =  -  =,<< =,>> =,&=,^ =,| =中的一个

lhs,rhs

-

具有算术类型的表达式(其中lhs可以是限定的或原子的),除了当op是+ =或 -  =时,它们也接受与+和 - 相同限制的指针类型,

表达式 lhs @ = rhs 与 lhs =lhs @ (rhs 完全相同),只是 lhs 只被计算一次。

如果 lhs 具有原子类型,则该操作表现为具有内存顺序 memory_order_seq_cst的单个原子读取 - 修改 - 写入操作。对于整数原子类型,复合赋值@ =相当于:T1 * addr =&lhs; T2 val = rhs; T1 old = * addr; T1新; {new = old @ val} while(!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(addr,&old,new);

(自C11以来)

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 6.5.16作业操作员(p:101-104)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 6.5.16作业操作员(p:91-93)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 3.3.16赋值运算符

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