Java implementation of Observer pattern instance details (picture)
1. Java’s own implementation
Class diagram
##
/** * 观察目标 继承自 java.util.Observable * @author stone * */ public class UpdateObservable extends Observable { private int data; public UpdateObservable(Observer observer) { addObserver(observer); /* * add other observer */ } public int getData() { return data; } public void setData(int data) { if (data != this.data) { this.data = data; setChanged(); //标记 改变, 只有标记后才能通知到 notifyObservers(); //通知 } } @Override public synchronized void addObserver(Observer o) { super.addObserver(o); } @Override public synchronized void deleteObserver(Observer o) { super.deleteObserver(o); } @Override public void notifyObservers() { super.notifyObservers(); } @Override public void notifyObservers(Object arg) { super.notifyObservers(arg); } @Override public synchronized void deleteObservers() { super.deleteObservers(); } @Override protected synchronized void setChanged() { super.setChanged(); } @Override protected synchronized void clearChanged() { super.clearChanged(); } @Override public synchronized boolean hasChanged() { return super.hasChanged(); } @Override public synchronized int countObservers() { return super.countObservers(); } }
/** * 观察者 实现 java.util.Observer接口 * @author stone * */ public class UpdateObserver implements Observer { @Override public void update(Observable o, Object arg) { System.out.println("接收到数据变化的通知:"); if (o instanceof UpdateObservable) { UpdateObservable uo = (UpdateObservable) o; System.out.print("数据变更为:" + uo.getData()); } } }
2. Customized observation model
/** * 抽象观察者 Observer * 观察 更新 * @author stone * */ public interface IWatcher { /* * 通知接口: * 1. 简单通知 * 2. 观察者需要目标的变化的数据,那么可以将目标用作参数, 见Java的Observer和Observable */ // void update(IWatched watched); void update(); }
/** * 抽象目标 Subject * 提供注册和删除观察者对象的接口, 及通知观察者进行观察的接口 * 及目标 自身被观察的业务的接口 * @author stone * */ public interface IWatchedSubject { public void add(IWatcher watch); public void remove(IWatcher watch); public void notifyWhatchers(); public void update();//被观察业务变化的接口 }
/** * 具体观察者 Concrete Observer * * @author stone * */ public class UpdateWatcher implements IWatcher { @Override public void update() { System.out.println(this + "观察到:目标已经更新了"); } }
/** * 具体目标角色 Concrete Subject * @author stone * */ public class UpdateWatchedSubject implements IWatchedSubject { private List<IWatcher> list; public UpdateWatchedSubject() { this.list = new ArrayList<IWatcher>(); } @Override public void add(IWatcher watch) { this.list.add(watch); } @Override public void remove(IWatcher watch) { this.list.remove(watch); } @Override public void notifyWhatchers() { for (IWatcher watcher : list) { watcher.update(); } } @Override public void update() { System.out.println("目标更新中...."); notifyWhatchers(); } }
/** * 监听 用户在注册后 * @author stone * */ public interface IRegisterListener { void onRegistered(); }
/** * 监听 当用户登录后 * @author stone * */ public interface ILoginListener { void onLogined(); }
/* * 监听器 是观察者模式的一种实现 * 一些需要监听的业务接口上添加 监听器,调用监听器的相应方法,实现监听 */ public class User { public void register(IRegisterListener register) { /* * do ... register */ System.out.println("正在注册中..."); //注册后 register.onRegistered(); } public void login(ILoginListener login) { /* * do ... login */ System.out.println("正在登录中..."); //登录后 login.onLogined(); } }
/** * 观察者(Observer)模式 行为型模式 * 观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时观察某一个目标对象。 * 这个目标对象在状态上发生变化时,会通知所有观察者对象,让它们能够自动更新自己 * 目标对象中需要有添加、移除、通知 观察者的接口 * * @author stone */ public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { /* * 使用Java自带的Observer接口和Observable类 */ UpdateObservable observable = new UpdateObservable(new UpdateObserver()); observable.setData(99); System.out.println(""); System.out.println(""); /* * 自定义的观察者模型 */ IWatchedSubject watched = new UpdateWatchedSubject(); watched.add(new UpdateWatcher()); watched.add(new UpdateWatcher()); watched.update(); System.out.println(""); /* * 子模式-监听器 */ User user = new User(); user.register(new IRegisterListener() { @Override public void onRegistered() { System.out.println("监听到注册后。。。"); } }); user.login(new ILoginListener() { @Override public void onLogined() { System.out.println("监听到登录后。。。"); } }); } }
接收到数据变化的通知: 数据变更为:99 目标更新中.... observer.UpdateWatcher@457471e0观察到:目标已经更新了 observer.UpdateWatcher@5fe04cbf观察到:目标已经更新了 正在注册中... 监听到注册后。。。 正在登录中... 监听到登录后。。。
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