Table of Contents
Overall introduction
remove()
LinkedHashSet
Home Java javaTutorial Detailed explanation of Java collection framework LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap source code analysis (picture)

Detailed explanation of Java collection framework LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap source code analysis (picture)

Mar 28, 2017 am 10:57 AM

Overall introduction

If you have read the previous information about HashSet and HashMap, as well as TreeSet and TreeMap For the explanation, you must be able to think that LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap that will be explained in this article are actually the same thing. LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap also have the same implementation in Java. The former just wraps the latter, that is to say, inside LinkedHashSet There is a LinkedHashMap (Adapter Pattern). Therefore, this article will focus on analyzing LinkedHashMap.

LinkedHashMap implements the Map interface, which allows elements with key to be null and also allows insertion of value is an element of null. It can be seen from the name that the container is a mixture of linked list and HashMap, which means that it satisfies both HashMap and # Some features of ##linked list. Think of LinkedHashMap as HashMap enhanced with linked list.

Detailed explanation of Java collection framework LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap source code analysis (picture)

In fact

LinkedHashMap is a direct subclass of HashMap, The only difference between the two isLinkedHashMap Based on HashMap, all entry are connected in the form of a doubly-linked list. This is to ensure that the iteration sequence of the elements follows The insertion order is the same . The above figure shows the structure diagram of LinkedHashMap. The main part is exactly the same as HashMap, with the addition of header pointing to the head of the doubly linked list (which is a dummy element) , The iteration order of the doubly linked list is the insertion order of entry.

In addition to preserving the order of iteration, this structure also has another advantage:

When iterating LinkedHashMap, there is no need to traverse the entire table like HashMap , and you only need to directly traverse the doubly linked list pointed to by header, that is to say, the iteration time of LinkedHashMap is only the same as that of entry It is related to the number and has nothing to do with the size of table.

There are two parameters that can affect the performance of

LinkedHashMap: initial capacity (initial capacity) and load factor (load factor). The initial capacity specifies the size of the initial table, and the load factor is used to specify the critical value for automatic expansion. When the number of entry exceeds capacity*load_factor, the container will automatically expand and rehash. For scenarios where a large number of elements are inserted, setting a larger initial capacity can reduce the number of rehashes.

When putting the

object into LinkedHashMap or LinkedHashSet, there are two methods that require special attention: hashCode() and equals(). hashCode()The method determines which bucket the object will be placed in. When the hash values ​​of multiple objects conflict, equals() Method determines whether these objects are "the same object". Therefore, if you want to put a custom object into LinkedHashMap or LinkedHashSet, you need *@Override*hashCode() and equals() method.

You can get a

LinkedHashMap that is the same as the source Mapiteration order in the following way:

void foo(Map m) {
    Map copy = new LinkedHashMap(m);

}
Copy after login

For performance reasons ,

LinkedHashMap is asynchronous (not synchronized). If it needs to be used in a multi-threaded environment, programmer needs to be synchronized manually; or LinkedHashMap is packaged in the following way. (wrapped) Synchronized:

Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap(...));

Method analysis

get( )

get(Object<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/60.html" target="_blank"> key)</a> method returns the corresponding value based on the specified key value. The process of this method is almost exactly the same as the HashMap.get() method. Readers can refer to the previous article and will not go into details here.

put()

put(K key, V value)The method is to add the specified key, value pair to the map inside. This method will first search map to see if it contains the tuple. If it is included, it will return directly. The search process is similar to the get() method; if it is not found, then A new entry will be inserted through the addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) method.

Note that the

insertion here has two meanings:

  1. From the perspective of

    table, new The entry needs to be inserted into the corresponding bucket. When there is a hash conflict, the head insertion method is used to insert the new entry into the head of the conflict linked list. .

  2. header的角度看,新的entry需要插入到双向链表的尾部。

Detailed explanation of Java collection framework LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap source code analysis (picture)

addEntry()代码如下:

// LinkedHashMap.addEntry()
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
    if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
        resize(2 * table.length);// 自动扩容,并重新哈希
        hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
        bucketIndex = hash & (table.length-1);// hash%table.length
    }
    // 1.在冲突链表头部插入新的entry
    HashMap.Entry<K,V> old = table[bucketIndex];
    Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, old);
    table[bucketIndex] = e;
    // 2.在双向链表的尾部插入新的entry
    e.addBefore(header);
    size++;
}
Copy after login

上述代码中用到了addBefore()方法将新entry e插入到双向链表头引用header的前面,这样e就成为双向链表中的最后一个元素。addBefore()的代码如下:

// LinkedHashMap.Entry.addBefor(),将this插入到existingEntry的前面
private void addBefore(Entry<K,V> existingEntry) {
    after  = existingEntry;
    before = existingEntry.before;
    before.after = this;
    after.before = this;
}
Copy after login

上述代码只是简单修改相关entry的引用而已。

remove()

remove(Object key)的作用是删除key值对应的entry,该方法的具体逻辑是在removeEntryForKey(Object key)里实现的。removeEntryForKey()方法会首先找到key值对应的entry,然后删除该entry(修改链表的相应引用)。查找过程跟get()方法类似。

注意,这里的删除也有两重含义

  1. table的角度看,需要将该entry从对应的bucket里删除,如果对应的冲突链表不空,需要修改冲突链表的相应引用。

  2. header的角度来看,需要将该entry从双向链表中删除,同时修改链表中前面以及后面元素的相应引用。

Detailed explanation of Java collection framework LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap source code analysis (picture)

removeEntryForKey()对应的代码如下:

// LinkedHashMap.removeEntryForKey(),删除key值对应的entry
final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {

    int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
    int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);// hash&(table.length-1)
    Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];// 得到冲突链表
    Entry<K,V> e = prev;
    while (e != null) {// 遍历冲突链表
        Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
        Object k;
        if (e.hash == hash &&
            ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {// 找到要删除的entry
            modCount++; size--;
            // 1. 将e从对应bucket的冲突链表中删除
            if (prev == e) table[i] = next;
            else prev.next = next;
            // 2. 将e从双向链表中删除
            e.before.after = e.after;
            e.after.before = e.before;
            return e;
        }
        prev = e; e = next;
    }
    return e;
}
Copy after login

LinkedHashSet

前面已经说过LinkedHashSet是对LinkedHashMap的简单包装,对LinkedHashSet函数调用都会转换成合适的LinkedHashMap方法,因此LinkedHashSet的实现非常简单,这里不再赘述。

public class LinkedHashSet<E>
    extends HashSet<E>
    implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {

    // LinkedHashSet里面有一个LinkedHashMap
    public LinkedHashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        map = new LinkedHashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
    }

    public boolean add(E e) {//简单的方法转换
        return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
    }

}
Copy after login

The above is the detailed content of Detailed explanation of Java collection framework LinkedHashSet and LinkedHashMap source code analysis (picture). For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1653
14
PHP Tutorial
1251
29
C# Tutorial
1224
24
Break or return from Java 8 stream forEach? Break or return from Java 8 stream forEach? Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:09 PM

Java 8 introduces the Stream API, providing a powerful and expressive way to process data collections. However, a common question when using Stream is: How to break or return from a forEach operation? Traditional loops allow for early interruption or return, but Stream's forEach method does not directly support this method. This article will explain the reasons and explore alternative methods for implementing premature termination in Stream processing systems. Further reading: Java Stream API improvements Understand Stream forEach The forEach method is a terminal operation that performs one operation on each element in the Stream. Its design intention is

PHP: A Key Language for Web Development PHP: A Key Language for Web Development Apr 13, 2025 am 12:08 AM

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

PHP vs. Python: Understanding the Differences PHP vs. Python: Understanding the Differences Apr 11, 2025 am 12:15 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.

PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison Apr 13, 2025 am 12:19 AM

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.

PHP vs. Python: Core Features and Functionality PHP vs. Python: Core Features and Functionality Apr 13, 2025 am 12:16 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages and are suitable for different scenarios. 1.PHP is suitable for web development and provides built-in web servers and rich function libraries. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and a powerful standard library. When choosing, it should be decided based on project requirements.

Java Program to Find the Volume of Capsule Java Program to Find the Volume of Capsule Feb 07, 2025 am 11:37 AM

Capsules are three-dimensional geometric figures, composed of a cylinder and a hemisphere at both ends. The volume of the capsule can be calculated by adding the volume of the cylinder and the volume of the hemisphere at both ends. This tutorial will discuss how to calculate the volume of a given capsule in Java using different methods. Capsule volume formula The formula for capsule volume is as follows: Capsule volume = Cylindrical volume Volume Two hemisphere volume in, r: The radius of the hemisphere. h: The height of the cylinder (excluding the hemisphere). Example 1 enter Radius = 5 units Height = 10 units Output Volume = 1570.8 cubic units explain Calculate volume using formula: Volume = π × r2 × h (4

PHP: The Foundation of Many Websites PHP: The Foundation of Many Websites Apr 13, 2025 am 12:07 AM

The reasons why PHP is the preferred technology stack for many websites include its ease of use, strong community support, and widespread use. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners. 2) Have a huge developer community and rich resources. 3) Widely used in WordPress, Drupal and other platforms. 4) Integrate tightly with web servers to simplify development deployment.

PHP's Impact: Web Development and Beyond PHP's Impact: Web Development and Beyond Apr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

See all articles