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The url-pattern setting method and mapping rules of servlet and filter

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Release: 2017-09-20 10:03:48
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<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"; color:rgb(0,128,128); line-height:1.5!important'></span><p style='margin:10px auto; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"; line-height:19px; word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)'><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:verdana,sans-serif; line-height:21px">Servlet和filter是J2EE开发中常用的技术,使用方便,配置简单。servlet和filter中的url-pattern有一些文章在里面的,总结了一些东西,以免遇到问题又要浪费时间。 <br>   </span></p><p style='margin:10px auto; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"; line-height:19px; word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)'><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:verdana,sans-serif; line-height:21px">一,servlet容器对url的匹配过程: <br><br>当 一个请求发送到servlet容器的时候,容器先会将请求的url减去当前应用上下文的路径作为servlet的映射url,比如我访问的是 http://localhost/test/aaa.html,我的应用上下文是test,容器会将http://localhost/test去掉, 剩下的/aaa.html部分拿来做servlet的映射匹配。这个映射匹配过程是有顺序的,而且当有一个servlet匹配成功以后,就不会去理会剩下 的servlet了(filter不同,后文会提到)。其匹配规则和顺序如下: <br><br><span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>1.     精确路径匹配。</span>例子:比如servletA 的url-pattern为 /test,servletB的url-pattern为 /* ,这个时候,如果我访问的url为http://localhost/test ,这个时候容器就会先进行精确路径匹配,发现/test正好被servletA精确匹配,那么就去调用servletA,也不会去理会其他的 servlet了。 <br><br><span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>2.     最长路径匹配</span>。例子:servletA的url-pattern为/test/*,而servletB的url-pattern为/test/a/*,此 时访问http://localhost/test/a时,容器会选择路径最长的servlet来匹配,也就是这里的servletB。 <br><br><span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>3.     扩展匹配</span>,如果url最后一段包含扩展,容器将会根据扩展选择合适的servlet。例子:servletA的url-pattern:*.action <br><br>4.     如果前面三条规则都没有找到一个servlet,容器会根据url选择对应的请求资源。如果应用定义了一个<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>default servlet</span>,则容器会将请求丢给default servlet(什么是default servlet?后面会讲)。 <br><br>     根据这个规则表,就能很清楚的知道servlet的匹配过程,所以定义servlet的时候也要考虑url-pattern的写法,以免出错。 <br><br>      对于filter,不会像servlet那样只匹配一个servlet,因为filter的集合是一个链,所以只会有处理的顺序不同,而不会出现只选择一 个filter。Filter的处理顺序和filter-mapping在web.xml中定义的顺序相同。 <br>   </span></p><p style='margin:10px auto; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"; line-height:19px; word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)'><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:verdana,sans-serif; line-height:21px">二,url-pattern详解 <br><br>         在web.xml文件中,以下语法用于定义映射: <br><br>l. 以<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>”/’开头</span>和<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>以”/*”结尾</span>的是用来做<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>路径映射</span>的。 <br><br>2. 以<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>前缀”*.”开头</span>的是用来做<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>扩展映射</span>的。 <br><br>3. <span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>“/”</span> 是用来定义<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>default servlet映射</span>的。 <br><br>4. 剩下的都是用来定义<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>详细映射</span>的。比如: /aa/bb/cc.action <br><br>所以,为什么定义”/*.action”这样一个看起来很正常的匹配会错?因为<span style='margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"'>这个匹配即属于路径映射,也属于扩展映射,导致容器无法判断</span>。</span></p><p style='margin:10px auto; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei"; line-height:19px; word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)'><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:verdana,sans-serif; line-height:21px">另外,关于url-pattern映射之后, request的servletContextPath , ServletPath , PathInfo 情况,可参照下面链接的文章</span></p> 
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 1 servlet与filter的url-pattern设置方式: 
 2  
 3 1、精确匹配: 
 4 /directory/file1.jsp 
 5 /directory/file2.jsp 
 6 /directory/file3.jsp 
 7  
 8 2、目录匹配: 
 9 /directory/*
 10 
 11 3、扩展匹配:
 12 *.jsp
 13 
 14 注意:下面的不支持:
 15 /direcotry/*.jsp
 16 
 17 /和/*之间的区别:
 18 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>: 会匹配到/login这样的路径型url,不会匹配到模式为*.jsp这样的后缀型url
 19 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>:会匹配所有url:路径型的和后缀型的url(包括/login , *.jsp , *.js 和 *.html 等)
 20 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>: 甚至会造成The requested resource () is not available.
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