About communication issues in Vue.js components

Written in front

Because I am very interested in Vue.js, and the technology stack I usually work on is also Vue.js, I have spent some time studying the Vue.js source code in the past few months, and Summary and output were made.

What are Vue components?

Component is one of the most powerful features of Vue.js. Components can extend HTML elements, encapsulating reusable code. At a high level, a component is a custom element to which Vue.js's compiler adds special functionality. In some cases, components can also take the form of native HTML elements, extended with the is attribute.

Communication between Vue components

Communication between parent component and child component

Method 1: props

Using props, the parent component can Use props to pass data to child components.

Parent component vue template father.vue

<template>
    <child :msg="message"></child>
</template>

<script>

import child from &#39;./child.vue&#39;;

export default {
    components: {
        child
    },
    data () {
        return {
            message: &#39;father message&#39;;
        }
    }
}
</script>

Child component vue template child.vue

<template>
    <p>{{msg}}</p>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    props: {
        msg: {
            type: String,
            required: true
        }
    }
}
</script>

Method 2 uses $children

Using $children can be used Access child components from parent components.

The child component communicates with the parent component

Method 1: Using vue events

The parent component passes the event method to the child component, and the child component triggers the event through $emit. Callback to parent component.

Parent component vue template father.vue

<template>
    <child @msgFunc="func"></child>
</template>

<script>

import child from &#39;./child.vue&#39;;

export default {
    components: {
        child
    },
    methods: {
        func (msg) {
            console.log(msg);
        }
    }
}
</script>

Child component vue template child.vue

<template>
    <button @click="handleClick">点我</button>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    props: {
        msg: {
            type: String,
            required: true
        }
    },
    methods () {
        handleClick () {
            //........
            this.$emit(&#39;msgFunc&#39;);
        }
    }
}
</script>

Method 2: Modify the parent component data by modifying the props passed by the parent component

This method can only be used when the parent component passes a reference variable. Literal variables cannot achieve the corresponding effect. Because the drinking variable ultimately points to the same memory address, whether it is the data in the parent component or the data in the props obtained by the child component, so modifying the data in the props in the child component modifies the data in the parent component.

But this is not recommended. It is not recommended to directly modify the value of props. If the data is used to display modifications, in actual development I often put it into data and pass it back when needed. The parent component then uses events to return data. This keeps the components independent and decoupled, and does not cause abnormal data flow confusion due to the use of the same data. Data is only transmitted through specific interfaces to modify the data, and the internal data status is managed by specialized data.

Method 3: Use $parent

Use $parent to access the data of the parent component.

Data transfer between non-parent-child components and sibling components

For non-parent-child component communication, Vue officially recommends using a Vue instance as the central event bus.

Vue has an internal event mechanism, you can refer to the source code.

$on method is used to listen to an event.

$emit is used to trigger an event.

/*新建一个Vue实例作为中央事件总嫌*/
let event = new Vue();

/*监听事件*/
event.$on('eventName', (val) => {
    //......do something
});

/*触发事件*/
event.$emit('eventName', 'this is a message.');

Multi-level parent-child component communication:

In Vue1.0, two methods, $broadcast and $dispatch, are implemented to broadcast (or dispatch) to child components (or parent components). When the child component (or parent component) listens to the event and returns true, the event will continue to be broadcast (or dispatched) to the grandchild-level component. But this method has been removed in Vue2.0.

When I was studying the open source component library element of Ele.me, I found that they re-implemented the broadcast and dispatch methods and introduced them in the form of mixin. For details, please refer to "Talk about element component library broadcast and dispatch". But it is slightly different from the two method implementations of Vue1.0. These two methods implement the functions of event broadcasting to descendant components and event dispatching to multi-level parent components. But it is not event broadcasting in a broad sense. It requires specifying a commentName to broadcast (dispatch) events to the component with the specified component name.

In fact, the internal implementation of these two methods still uses $parent and $children, which are used to traverse child nodes or query parent nodes step by step. When the specified component name is accessed, $emit is called to trigger Specify event.

Complex single-page application data management

When the application is complex enough, please use vuex for data management.

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