Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins-JS Tutorial-php.cn

This time I will bring you a detailed explanation of the webpack plug-in. What are the precautions for using the webpack plug-in? The following is a practical case, let's take a look.

1. Automatically build HTML, compress spaces, and add version numbers or random numbers to referenced js: html-webpack-plugin

2. Process CSS: css-loader and style-loader
3. Processing LESS: less-loade and less
4. Extract css code into css file: extract-text-webpack-plugin
5. Server construction in development environment: webpack-dev-server
6. Parse the ES6 code: babel-core babel-preset-env babel-loader
7. Parse the new object functions of ES6: babel-polyfill
8. Parse the jsx syntax of react: babel-preset-react
9. Convert relative path to absolute path: nodejs path module
10. Add hash value to the file: [chunkhash], [hash]
11. Clear the output file before the output folder: clean-webpack-plugin
12. Module hot replacement: NamedModulesPlugin and HotModuleReplacementPlugin
13. Environment variables
14. Cross-platform use of environment variables: cross-env
15. Processing image paths: file-loader and html-loader
16. Image compression: image-webpack-loader
17. Locate source file code: source-map
18. Separate the production environment and development environment
Configuration file

1. Automatically build HTML, compress spaces, and add version numbers or random numbers to referenced js: html-webpack-plugin

Solution: Use the plug-in html-webpack-plugin

webpack.config.js is as follows:

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/app.js',
  output: {
    path: dirname + '/dist',
    filename: 'app.bundle.js'
  },
  plugins: [new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
    template: './src/模板文件.html',
    filename: '构建的.html',
    minify: {
      collapseWhitespace: true,
    },
    hash: true,
  })]
};

Copy after login

Pay attention to the path, because the output html needs to know the output directory

2. Process CSS: css-loader and style-loader

Loader is used to preprocess and convert the source code of the module.

Solution: Use css-loader, style-loader

Look at the project structure:

Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

Running the webpack command at this time will throw an error:

Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

Next install css-loader and style-loader

npm install --save-dev css-loader style-loader

Copy after login

Then modify webpack.config.js to:

Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

The rules array is the array of rules used by the loader to match and convert resources.

test represents the
regular expression that matches the file to be converted, and the figure shows that it matches all files ending with css. The use array represents which loaders are used to process these matched files.

Run webpack again at this time, and the packaged file bundle.js will contain css code.

The css-loader is responsible for loading css and packaging css into js.
The style-loader is responsible for generating: when js is running, the css code is injected into the dom through the style tag.

3. Processing LESS: less-loade and less

Solution: Use less-loader

But using less-loader just converts LESS code into css code. If you want to package files into js, you still need to use the css-loader and style-loader mentioned above.

Look at the project structure:

Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

Then the code of app.js is:

import styles from './app.less';
console.info('我是一个js文件123')

Copy after login

In order to solve this situation, you must first install less-loader , and less-loader is based on less, so less must also be installed.

npm i --save-dev less less-loader

Copy after login

Modify webpack.config.js to:

module: {
  rules: [
    {
      test: /\.less$/,
      use: [ 'style-loader', 'css-loader', 'less-loader' ]
    }
  ]
}

Copy after login

4. Extract css code into css file: extract-text-webpack-plugin

Many times we want The effect is not to process several LESS or CSS and package them into a js, but to package them into a css file.

The plugin extract-text-webpack-plugin is now available.
First install

npm i --save-dev extract-text-webpack-plugin

Copy after login

Then modify webpack.config.js to:

Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

与原配置对比可以发现，比html-webpack-plugin这个插件多做了一步，就是在匹配和转换规则里面的use中使用了ExtractTextPlugin.extract。
注意这里的fallback表示，在提取文件失败后，将继续使用style-loader去打包到js中。
此时运行webpack
可以发现输出目录build下生成了一个style.css文件，也就是我们在webpack.config.js中期望生成的文件，并且在生成的demo.html中被引用了。

5.开发环境下的服务器搭建：webpack-dev-server

webpack-dev-server可以在本地搭建一个简单的开发环境用的服务器，自动打开浏览器，而且还可以达到webpack -watch的效果。
首先安装一下：

npm i -g  webpack-dev-server
npm i --save-dev webpack-dev-server

Copy after login

这里不需要改动webpack.config.js，直接运行命令

webpack-dev-server

Copy after login

查看Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins：

显示项目运行在http://localhost:8080/
webpack的输出目录的路径在/下面
并且这个服务器会自动识别输出目录下名为index的HTML文件，而我们之前输出的文件名为demo.html。
所以还需要将之前html-webpack-plugin中配置的filename改为index.html，或者直接用http://localhost:8080/demo.html也行。
当我们修改了源代码后，打开的网页还会自动更新。

为了更灵活的应用开发环境的服务器，也可以在webpack.config.js中加入如下代码：
Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

devServer配置	功能
port	修改端口为8787，而不是默认的8080。
open	为true表示会自动打开浏览器，而不是需要我们再手动打开浏览器并在里面输入http://localhost:8080。
compress	对本地server返回的文件提供gzip压缩
index	指定网站首页映射的文件，默认为index.html

6.解析ES6代码：babel-core babel-preset-env babel-loader

这里说是ES6，实际上可以认为是ECMAScript的高版本代码，只是代指而已。
babel的作用是将浏览器还未支持的这些高版本js代码转换成可以被指定浏览器支持的js代码。

这里列出可以转换的大致语法：
Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

那么首先就需要安装babel

npm install babel-core babel-preset-env --save-dev

Copy after login

然后，为了和webpack结合起来，要用到babel-loader

npm install babel-loader --save-dev

Copy after login

然后在webpack.config.js的rules数组中增加以下代码：

{
  test: /\.js$/,
  exclude: /(node_modules)/,
  use: {
    loader: 'babel-loader',
    options: {
      presets: ['env']
    }
  }
}

Copy after login

这行代码的意思是用babel-loader解析除了node_modules文件下的所有js文件。
而babel-loader就是用babel去解析js代码。
options的内容类似于.babelrc文件的配置，有了这个就不需要.babelrc文件了。
presets表示预处理器，现在的babel不像以前需要很多预处理器了，只需要env这一个就够了。

修改之前的app.js中的代码为：

console.info('我是一个js文件123')
const doSomething=() => {
  console.info('do do do')
}

Copy after login

使用webpack命令后，可以看到我们最后的打包js文件中代码变成了这样：
Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

7.解析ES6新增的对象函数：babel-polyfill

以下为这些新增函数：
Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

安装：

npm install --save-dev babel-polyfill

Copy after login

为了确保babel-polyfill被最先加载和解析，所以一般都是讲babel-polyfill在最开始的脚本中引入。
而在webpack中，就是在放到entry中，所以需要修改webpack.config.js中的配置为：

Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

8.解析react的jsx语法：babel-preset-react

安装

npm install --save-dev babel-preset-react

Copy after login

配置：
Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

这里是匹配所有以js或者jsx结尾的文件，并用 babel-preset-env和babel-preset-react进行解析

9.转换相对路径到绝度路径：nodejs的path模块

这里首先介绍一下nodejs的path模块的一个功能：resolve。
将相对路径转换为绝对路径。
在最开始引用path模块

var path = require('path')；

Copy after login

然后可以在输出设置那里修改代码为：

  output: {
    path: path.resolve(dirname, 'build'),
    filename: 'bundle.js'
  },

Copy after login

和我们原来的代码没有任何区别。

10.给文件加上hash值：[chunkhash],[hash]

hash和chunkhash有区别，hash的话输出的文件用的都是同一个hash值，而chunkhash的话是根据模块来计算的，每个输出文件的hash值都不一样。
直接将输出文件改为

output: {
  path: path.resolve(dirname, 'build'),
  filename: 'bundle.[chunkhash].js'
},

Copy after login

[chunkhash]就代表一串随机的hash值

11.清空输出文件夹之前的输出文件：clean-webpack-plugin

当我们像上面一样不断改变输出文件时，之前的输出文件并没有去掉。
为了解决这个问题就需要clean-webpack-plugin。
首先安装

npm i clean-webpack-plugin --save-dev

Copy after login

然后引用插件，并声明每次生成输出需要清空的文件夹

var CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
var pathsToClean = [
  'build',
]

Copy after login

再在插件配置中加入：

new CleanWebpackPlugin(pathsToClean)

Copy after login

12.模块热替换：NamedModulesPlugin和HotModuleReplacementPlugin

之前的webpack-dev-server提供了监听功能，只要代码改变，浏览器就会刷新。
但是模块热替换是不会刷新浏览器，只刷新修改到的那部分模块。
模块热替换无需安装。
首先需要引入模块

var webpack = require('webpack')

Copy after login

其实插件中加入：

new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()

Copy after login

此时运行webpack可能会报错，我们需要把之前在输出环境中写的[chunkhash]改为[hash]

13.环境变量

可以在脚本中这么写：

"scripts": {
"dev": "webpack-dev-server",
"prod": "set NODE_ENV=production && webpack -p"
},

这样在webpack.config.js中这样修改上面的东西：

Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

if (isProduction) {
    config.output.filename = 'bundle.[chunkhash].js'
} else {
    config.plugins.push(new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin())
    config.plugins.push(new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin())
}

Copy after login

这样就可以根据环境的不同来运行不同的配置

14.跨平台使用环境变量: cross-env

上述设置环境变量的脚本中只有在window下才有效，在linux和mac上需要使用

"prod": "NODE_ENV=production webpack -p"

Copy after login

为了解决这个问题，使得不同平台的人能公用一套代码，我们可以使用cross-env。
首先进行安装：

npm i --save-dev cross-env

Copy after login

然后命令直接使用类似于mac上的用法即可

"prod": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack -p"

Copy after login

15.处理图片路径: file-loader和html-loader

file-loader可以用来处理图片和字体文件在css文件中的路径问题，输出的css文件中会引用输出的文件地址。
html-loader可以用来处理html中，比如img元素的图片路径问题。
首先安装

npm i --save-dev file-loader html-loader

Copy after login

配置：

        {
            test: /\.(gif|png|jpe?g|svg)$/i,
            use: {
                loader: 'file-loader',
                options: {
                    name: '[name].[ext]',
                    outputPath: 'src/images/'
                }
            }
        },
        {
            test: /\.html$/,
            use: [{
                loader: 'html-loader',
                options: {
                    minimize: true
                }
            }],
        }

Copy after login

16.图片压缩：image-webpack-loader

安装：

npm i --save-dev image-webpack-loader

Copy after login

配置：

    {
            test: /\.(gif|png|jpe?g|svg)$/i,
            use: [{
                    loader: 'file-loader',
                    options: {
                        name: '[name].[ext]',
                        outputPath: 'images/'
                    }
                },
                {
                    loader: 'image-webpack-loader',
                    options: {
                        bypassOnDebug: true,
                    }
                }
            ]
        },

Copy after login

这里的options中也可以具体配置各个图片类型的压缩质量

17.定位源文件代码：source-map

如果我们用web-dev-server运行我们的输出文件，发现其中有些BUG，然后打开开发者工具取定位文件的时候，只会定位到我们的输出文件。
而这些输出文件是经过处理的，我们只有找到我们的源文件代码，然后进行相应的修改才能解决问题。
于是这里我们需要用到source-map。
很简单，在webpack.config.js中加入如下配置即可：

devtool: 'source-map',

Copy after login

就这么简单，还不需要安装什么插件。
但是这只对js有效，如果我们的css出现错误了呢，答案就是如下配置：
Detailed explanation of webpack plug-ins

18.分离生产环境和开发环境的配置文件

之前我们通过在命令中设置环境变量，并且通过环境变量来判断环境来进行不同的配置。
现在我们用官方推荐的方法来分离生产环境和开发环境的配置文件。
我们将webpack.config.js分为三个文件

webpack.common.js
webpack.dev.js
webpack.prod.js

其中webpack.common.config.js为生产环境和开发环境共有的配置，dev为开发环境独有的配置，prod为生成环境独有的配置。
而想要合成真正的配置文件，还需要一个工具：webpack-merge。

  npm install --save-dev webpack-merge

Copy after login

以下是我们之前的webpack.config.js代码：

var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
var CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin')
var path = require('path')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var pathsToClean = [
    'build',
]
var isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
var config = {
    entry: ['babel-polyfill', './src/app.js'],
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(dirname, 'build'),
        filename: '[name].[hash].js'
    },
    devtool: 'source-map',
    devServer: {
        port: 8787,
        open: true,
        compress: true,
        index: 'demo.html'
    },
    plugins: [
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
            template: './template/index.html',
            filename: 'demo.html',
            minify: {
                collapseWhitespace: true,
            },
            hash: true
        }),
        new ExtractTextPlugin({ filename: 'style.css', allChunks: false }),
        new CleanWebpackPlugin(pathsToClean)
    ],
    module: {
        rules: [{
                test: /\.css$/,
                use: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
                    fallback: 'style-loader',
                    use: ['css-loader?sourceMap']
                })
            },
            {
                test: /\.less$/,
                use: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
                    fallback: 'style-loader',
                    use: ['css-loader?sourceMap', 'less-loader?sourceMap']
                })
            },
            {
                test: /\.jsx?$/,
                exclude: /(node_modules)/,
                use: {
                    loader: 'babel-loader',
                    options: {
                        presets: ['env', 'react']
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                test: /\.(gif|png|jpe?g|svg)$/i,
                use: [{
                        loader: 'file-loader',
                        options: {
                            name: '[name].[ext]',
                            outputPath: 'images/'
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        loader: 'image-webpack-loader',
                        options: {
                            bypassOnDebug: true,
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                test: /\.html$/,
                use: [{
                    loader: 'html-loader',
                    options: {
                        minimize: true
                    }
                }],
            }
        ]
    }
};
if (isProduction) {
    config.output.filename = '[name].[chunkhash].js'
} else {
    config.plugins.push(new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin())
    config.plugins.push(new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin())
}
module.exports = config

Copy after login

接下来分为三个文件，webpack.common.js:
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
var CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin')
var path = require('path')
var webpack = require('webpack')

var pathsToClean = [
    'build',
]
var isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
module.exports = {
    entry: ['babel-polyfill', './src/app.js'],
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(dirname, 'build'),
        filename: '[name].[chunkhash].js'
    },
    plugins: [
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
            template: './template/index.html',
            filename: 'demo.html',
            minify: {
                collapseWhitespace: true,
            },
            hash: isProduction
        }),
        new ExtractTextPlugin({ filename: '[name].[contenthash].css', allChunks: false }),
        new CleanWebpackPlugin(pathsToClean)
    ],
    module: {
        rules: [{
                test: /\.jsx?$/,
                exclude: /(node_modules)/,
                use: {
                    loader: 'babel-loader',
                    options: {
                        presets: ['env', 'react']
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                test: /\.(gif|png|jpe?g|svg)$/i,
                use: [{
                        loader: 'file-loader',
                        options: {
                            name: '[name].[ext]',
                            outputPath: 'images/'
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        loader: 'image-webpack-loader',
                        options: {
                            bypassOnDebug: true,
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                test: /\.html$/,
                use: [{
                    loader: 'html-loader',
                    options: {
                        minimize: true
                    }
                }],
            }
        ]
    }
};

Copy after login

然后是webpack.dev.js：

const merge = require('webpack-merge');
const common = require('./webpack.common.js');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
module.exports = merge(common, {
    output: {
        filename: '[name].[hash].js'
    },
    devtool: 'source-map',
    devServer: {
        port: 8787,
        open: true,
        compress: true,
        index: 'demo.html'
    },
    plugins: [
        new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
        new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
    ],
    module: {
        rules: [{
                test: /\.css$/,
                use: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
                    fallback: 'style-loader',
                    use: ['css-loader?sourceMap']
                })
            },
            {
                test: /\.less$/,
                use: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
                    fallback: 'style-loader',
                    use: ['css-loader?sourceMap', 'less-loader?sourceMap']
                })
            }
        ]
    }
});

Copy after login

最后是webpack.prod.js:

const merge = require('webpack-merge');
const common = require('./webpack.common.js');
const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
module.exports = merge(common, {
    module: {
        rules: [{
                test: /\.css$/,
                use: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
                    fallback: 'style-loader',
                    use: ['css-loader']
                })
            },
            {
                test: /\.less$/,
                use: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
                    fallback: 'style-loader',
                    use: ['css-loader', 'less-loader']
                })
            }
        ]
    }
});

Copy after login

然后修改一下package.json中的脚本即可

  "scripts": {
    "dev": "webpack-dev-server --config webpack.dev.js",
    "prod": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack -p --config webpack.prod.js"
},

Copy after login

相信看了本文案例你已经掌握了方法，更多精彩请关注php中文网其它相关文章！