Detailed explanation of the use of front-end routing for vue's single-page application

This time I will bring you a detailed explanation of the use of front-end routing for vue single-page applications. What are the precautions for using front-end routing for vue single-page applications. The following is a practical case, let's take a look.

Written in front: Usually there are two ways to implement front-end routing in SPA:

1. window.history

2. location. hash

The following will introduce how to implement these two methods

1.history

1.Basic introduction to history

The window.history object contains the history of the browser. The window.history object does not need to use the window prefix when writing it. History is a mainstream method for implementing SPA front-end routing. It has several original methods:

1. history.back() - the same as clicking the back button in the browser

2. history.forward() - Same as clicking the button forward in the browser

3. history.go(n) - Accepts an integer as argument, moves to The page specified by this integer, for example, go(1) is equivalent to forward(), go(-1) is equivalent to back(), go(0) is equivalent to refreshing the current page

4. If The moved position exceeds the boundary of the access history. The above three methods do not report an error, but fail silently

In HTML5, history object proposes pushState() method and replaceState() method, these two methods can be used to add data to the history stack, just as if the url changes (in the past, only the url change history stack will change), so that you can well simulate browsing history and progress. After retreating, the current front-end routing is also implemented based on this principle.

2.history.pushState

pushState(stateObj, title, url) method writes data to the history stack, and its first parameter is to be written Data object (not larger than 640kB), the second parameter is the title of the page, and the third parameter is the url (relative path).

1. stateObj: A state object related to the specified URL. When the popstate event is triggered, the object will be passed into the callback function. If this object is not needed, null can be filled in here.

2. title: The title of the new page, but all browsers currently ignore this value, so null can be filled in here.

3. url: The new URL must be in the same domain as the current page. Your browser's address bar will display this URL.

There are a few things worth noting about pushState:

The pushState method does not trigger a page refresh, but only causes the history object to change, and the address bar will react. The browser will refresh only when events such as forward and backward (back() and forward(), etc.) are triggered

The URL here is restricted by the same-origin policy to prevent malicious scripts from imitating other website URLs for deception user, so when the same-origin policy is violated, an error will be reported

3.history.replaceState

The difference between replaceState(stateObj, title, url) and pushState is that it It is not writing but replacing and modifying the current record in the browsing history. The rest is exactly the same as pushState

4.popstate event

Definition: Whenever the browsing history of the same document ( When the history object) changes, the popstate event will be triggered.

Note: Just calling the pushState method or replaceState method will not trigger this event. Only the user clicks the browser's back button and forward button, or uses JavaScript to call the back, forward, and go methods. It will be triggered only when. In addition, this event only targets the same document. If the browsing history is switched and different documents are loaded, this event will not be triggered.

Usage: When using, you can specify a callback function for the popstate event. The parameter of this callback function is an event event object, and its state attribute points to the state object provided by the pushState and replaceState methods for the current URL (that is, the first parameter of these two methods).

5.history implements spa front-end routing code

<a class="api a">a.html</a>
<a class="api b">b.html</a>
 // 注册路由
  document.querySelectorAll('.api').forEach(item => {
   item.addEventListener('click', e => {
    e.preventDefault();
    let link = item.textContent;
    if (!!(window.history && history.pushState)) {
     // 支持History API
     window.history.pushState({name: 'api'}, link, link);
    } else {
     // 不支持,可使用一些Polyfill库来实现
    }
   }, false)
  });
  // 监听路由
  window.addEventListener('popstate', e => {
   console.log({
    location: location.href,
    state: e.state
   })
  }, false)

The e.state printed in the popstate listening function is the first one passed in history.pushState() Parameters, here is {name: 'api'}

二.Hash

1.Hash基本介绍

url 中可以带有一个 hash http://localhost:9000/#/a.html

window 对象中有一个事件是 onhashchange，以下几种情况都会触发这个事件：

1. 直接更改浏览器地址，在最后面增加或改变#hash；

2. 通过改变location.href或location.hash的值；

3. 通过触发点击带锚点的链接；

4. 浏览器前进后退可能导致hash的变化，前提是两个网页地址中的hash值不同。

2.Hash实现spa前端路由代码

  // 注册路由
  document.querySelectorAll('.api').forEach(item => {
   item.addEventListener('click', e => {
    e.preventDefault();
    let link = item.textContent;
    location.hash = link;
   }, false)
  });
  // 监听路由
  window.addEventListener('hashchange', e => {
   console.log({
    location: location.href,
    hash: location.hash
   })
  }, false)

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