mysql高可用方案之MMM
环境规划: 主db1 IP:192.168.1.247 host:tong1 主db2 IP:192.168.1.248 host:tong2 从db3 IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3 monitor IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3 数据库:mysql-5.6.21 mysqldba技术群 378190849 武汉-linux运维群 236415619 1.网络环境布置 ton
环境规划:
主db1 IP:192.168.1.247 host:tong1
主db2 IP:192.168.1.248 host:tong2
从db3 IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3
monitor IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3
数据库:mysql-5.6.21
mysql dba技术群 378190849
武汉-linux运维群 236415619
1.网络环境布置
tong1数据节点:
[root@tong1 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C7:83:03
inet addr:192.168.1.247 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec7:8303/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4953337 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78512 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:346785301 (330.7 MiB) TX bytes:5389268 (5.1 MiB)
[root@tong1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.247 tong1
192.168.1.248 tong2
192.168.1.249 tong3
[root@tong1 ~]#
tong2数据节点:
[root@tong2 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C7:17:E8
inet addr:192.168.1.248 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec7:17e8/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4930658 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:19441 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:315661835 (301.0 MiB) TX bytes:2133138 (2.0 MiB)
[root@tong2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.247 tong1
192.168.1.248 tong2
192.168.1.249 tong3
[root@tong2 ~]#
tong3监控节点:
[root@tong3 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C8:F7:50
inet addr:192.168.1.249 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec8:f750/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6864426 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:99046 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:694563286 (662.3 MiB) TX bytes:7322797 (6.9 MiB)
[root@tong3 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.247 tong1
192.168.1.248 tong2
192.168.1.249 tong3
[root@tong3 ~]#
2.在监控节点上tong3安装mysql-mmm软件
下载地址:http://mysql-mmm.org/downloads
[root@tong3 ~]# tar xvf mysql-mmm-2.2.1.tar.gz
[root@tong3 ~]# cd mysql-mmm-2.2.1
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]# make && make install
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]# mmm_
mmm_agentd mmm_backup mmm_clone mmm_control mmm_mond mmm_restore
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]# ll /etc/mysql-mmm/
total 16
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 33 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_agent.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 684 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_common.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 321 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_mon.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1293 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_tools.conf
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]#
3.在tong1,tong2,tong3节点安装mysql数据库(步骤一样)
[root@tong1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@tong1 ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tong1 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tong1 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.6.23
[root@tong1 ~]# cd mysql-5.6.23/
[root@tong1 ~]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --group=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.23 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
[root@tong1 ~]# cp -a my.cnf /etc/
[root@tong1 ~]# cp -a support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@tong1 ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@tong1 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@tong1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 20 --server_id在三台主机不同,分别用10,20,30表示
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@tong1 ~]# pkill mysqld
[root@tong1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@tong1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'system'
[root@tong1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/bin/mysql -u root -p --输入密码system
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@tong1 ~]#
4.将tong1和tong2配置成主主架构
tong1节点配置文件:
[root@tong1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 20
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
replicate-do-db=tong --复制tong数据库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql --忽略mysql数据库
log-bin=mysql-bin --开启二进制日志
log-bin-index=mysql-bin-index
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2
relay-log=relay-log --开启中继日志
relay-log-index=relay-log-index
log_slave_updates --当任意一台主宕机,从可以接管主应用
sync-binlog=1
[root@tong1 ~]#
tong2节点配置文件:
[root@tong2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 10
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
replicate-do-db=tong
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-bin-index=mysql-bin-index
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
relay-log=relay-log
relay-log-index=relay-log-index
log_slave_updates
sync-binlog=1
[root@tong2 ~]#
tong3节点配置文件:
[root@tong3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 30
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
replicate-do-db=tong
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
[root@tong3 ~]#
配置主主模式:
tong1节点:
[root@tong1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@tong1 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl_user@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'system!#%246'; --创建复制用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
tong2节点:
[root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl_user@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'system!#%246';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.247',master_port=3306,master_user='repl_user',master_password='system!#%246',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; --复制tong1中的数据
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.50 sec)
mysql> start slave; --开启从服务
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql>
tong1节点:
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.248',master_port=3306,master_user='repl_user',master_password='system!#%246',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; --复制tong2中的数据
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.22 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.248
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes --主主同步成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: tong
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 450
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 10
Master_UUID: de5d22d1-ed4b-11e4-9390-1078d2c717e8
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
5.测试主主架构是否生效
tong1节点:
mysql> create table a(a int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
mysql> insert into a values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
tong2节点:
mysql> \u tong
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into a values(2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
6.将tong3设置成tong1节点的从机
[root@tong3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@tong3 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.6.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.247',master_port=3306,master_user='repl_user',master_password='system!#%246',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; --复制tong1中的数据
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.27 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> \u tong
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from a; --数据已同步
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
7.在三个数据库节点分别创建监控用户和代理用户
mysql> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_moniton'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'moniton';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant super,replication client,process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'agent';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
8.在监控节点修改配置文件
[root@tong3 ~]# cd /etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# ll
total 16
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 33 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_agent.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 684 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_common.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 321 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_mon.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1293 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_tools.conf
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_common.conf
active_master_role writer
cluster_interface eth0 --心跳网卡接口
pid_path /var/run/mmm_agentd.pid
bin_path /usr/lib/mysql-mmm
replication_user repl_user --复制用户名和密码
replication_password system!#%246
agent_user mmm_agent --代理用户名和密码
agent_password agent
ip 192.168.1.247 --tong1的IP地址
mode master --主模式
peer tong1 --主机名
ip 192.168.1.248
mode master
peer tong2
ip 192.168.1.249
mode slave --从服务器
hosts tong1, tong2 --tong1和tong2可写
ips 192.168.1.120
mode exclusive
hosts tong1, tong2, tong3 --三台可读
ips 192.168.1.121
mode balanced
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_mon.conf
include mmm_common.conf
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /var/run/mmm_mond.pid
bin_path /usr/lib/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/misc/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.1.247, 192.168.1.248, 192.168.1.249
auto_set_online 10
monitor_user mmm_moniton --监控用户名和密码
monitor_password moniton
debug 1 --为1是开启服务打印日志,为0是只开启服务
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# cat mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
this tong3 --主机名
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]#
9.将tong3节点的mmm_common.conf复制到tong1和tong2节点中
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf tong1:/etc/mysql-mmm/
mmm_common.conf 100% 674 0.7KB/s 00:00
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf tong2:/etc/mysql-mmm/
mmm_common.conf 100% 674 0.7KB/s 00:00
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]#
tong1,tong2修改mmm_agent.conf文件并启动服务
[root@tong1 mysql-mmm]# cat mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
this tong1 --修改主机名
[root@tong1 mysql-mmm]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent restart --重启服务
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Shutting down MMM Agent daemon. Ok
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Starting MMM Agent daemon... Ok
[root@tong1 mysql-mmm]#
tong3启动mmm-mysql-agent和mysql-mmm-monitor服务
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent restart
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Shutting down MMM Agent daemon. Ok
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Starting MMM Agent daemon... Ok
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-monitor restart
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_mond'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_mond.pid'
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_mond'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_mond.pid'
Shutting down MMM Monitor daemon: not running.
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_mond'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_mond.pid'
Starting MMM Monitor daemon: Ok
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.1.120)
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles:
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121)
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_offline tong1
OK: State of 'tong1' changed to ADMIN_OFFLINE. Now you can wait some time and check all roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.1.120)
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121)
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_offline tong3
OK: State of 'tong3' changed to ADMIN_OFFLINE. Now you can wait some time and check all roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121), writer(192.168.1.120)
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_online tong1
OK: State of 'tong1' changed to ONLINE. Now you can wait some time and check its new roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_online tong3
OK: State of 'tong3' changed to ONLINE. Now you can wait some time and check its new roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121)
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.1.120)
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ONLINE. Roles:
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]

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빅 데이터 구조 처리 기술: 청킹(Chunking): 데이터 세트를 분할하고 청크로 처리하여 메모리 소비를 줄입니다. 생성기: 전체 데이터 세트를 로드하지 않고 데이터 항목을 하나씩 생성하므로 무제한 데이터 세트에 적합합니다. 스트리밍: 파일을 읽거나 결과를 한 줄씩 쿼리하므로 대용량 파일이나 원격 데이터에 적합합니다. 외부 저장소: 매우 큰 데이터 세트의 경우 데이터를 데이터베이스 또는 NoSQL에 저장합니다.

PHP에서 MySQL 데이터베이스를 백업하고 복원하는 작업은 다음 단계에 따라 수행할 수 있습니다. 데이터베이스 백업: mysqldump 명령을 사용하여 데이터베이스를 SQL 파일로 덤프합니다. 데이터베이스 복원: mysql 명령을 사용하여 SQL 파일에서 데이터베이스를 복원합니다.

선형 복잡성에서 로그 복잡성까지 조회 시간을 줄이는 인덱스를 구축하여 MySQL 쿼리 성능을 최적화할 수 있습니다. SQL 삽입을 방지하고 쿼리 성능을 향상하려면 PREPAREDStatements를 사용하세요. 쿼리 결과를 제한하고 서버에서 처리되는 데이터의 양을 줄입니다. 적절한 조인 유형 사용, 인덱스 생성, 하위 쿼리 사용 고려 등 조인 쿼리를 최적화합니다. 쿼리를 분석하여 병목 현상을 식별하고, 캐싱을 사용하여 데이터베이스 로드를 줄이고, 오버헤드를 최소화합니다.

MySQL 테이블에 데이터를 삽입하는 방법은 무엇입니까? 데이터베이스에 연결: mysqli를 사용하여 데이터베이스에 대한 연결을 설정합니다. SQL 쿼리 준비: 삽입할 열과 값을 지정하는 INSERT 문을 작성합니다. 쿼리 실행: query() 메서드를 사용하여 삽입 쿼리를 실행하면 확인 메시지가 출력됩니다.

PHP에서 MySQL 저장 프로시저를 사용하려면: PDO 또는 MySQLi 확장을 사용하여 MySQL 데이터베이스에 연결합니다. 저장 프로시저를 호출하는 문을 준비합니다. 저장 프로시저를 실행합니다. 결과 집합을 처리합니다(저장 프로시저가 결과를 반환하는 경우). 데이터베이스 연결을 닫습니다.

PHP를 사용하여 MySQL 테이블을 생성하려면 다음 단계가 필요합니다. 데이터베이스에 연결합니다. 데이터베이스가 없으면 작성하십시오. 데이터베이스를 선택합니다. 테이블을 생성합니다. 쿼리를 실행합니다. 연결을 닫습니다.

MySQL 8.4(2024년 최신 LTS 릴리스)에 도입된 주요 변경 사항 중 하나는 "MySQL 기본 비밀번호" 플러그인이 더 이상 기본적으로 활성화되지 않는다는 것입니다. 또한 MySQL 9.0에서는 이 플러그인을 완전히 제거합니다. 이 변경 사항은 PHP 및 기타 앱에 영향을 미칩니다.

Oracle 데이터베이스와 MySQL은 모두 관계형 모델을 기반으로 하는 데이터베이스이지만 호환성, 확장성, 데이터 유형 및 보안 측면에서 Oracle이 우수하고, MySQL은 속도와 유연성에 중점을 두고 중소 규모 데이터 세트에 더 적합합니다. ① Oracle은 광범위한 데이터 유형을 제공하고, ② 고급 보안 기능을 제공하고, ③ 엔터프라이즈급 애플리케이션에 적합하고, ① MySQL은 NoSQL 데이터 유형을 지원하고, ② 보안 조치가 적고, ③ 중소 규모 애플리케이션에 적합합니다.
