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curl数据采集系列之单页面采集函数get_html

WBOY
풀어 주다: 2016-07-21 14:52:55
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在做数据采集时经常要使用到curl+正则的方式采集需要的数据 根据自己的工作经验 把自己写的一些常用自定义函数 拿到博客园来分享 如果有写得不恰当的地方 请多多指教

这是一个系列 没办法在一两天写完 所以一篇一篇的发布

大致大纲:

1.curl数据采集系列之单页面采集函数get_html

2.curl数据采集系列之多页面并行采集函数get_htmls

3.curl数据采集系列之正则处理函数get _matches

4.curl数据采集系列之代码分离

5.curl数据采集系列之并行逻辑控制函数web_spider

、、、

单页面采集在数据采集过程中是最常用的一个功能 有时在服务器访问限制的情况下 只能使用这种采集方式 慢 但是可以简单的控制 所以写好一个常用的curl函数调用是很重要的

百度和网易比较熟悉 所以拿这两个网站首页采集来做例子讲解

 

最简单的写法:

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<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$url</span> = 'http://www.baidu.com'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span> = curl_init(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">3</span> curl_setopt(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span>,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,<span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> curl_setopt(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span>,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,5<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$html</span> = curl_exec(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">6</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$html</span> !== <span style="color: #0000ff;">false</span><span style="color: #000000;">){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">7</span>     <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$html</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">8</span> }
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由于使用频繁 可以利用curl_setopt_array写成函数的形式:

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<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> get_html(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>,<span style="color: #800080;">$options</span> = <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">()){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>[CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER] = <span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>[CURLOPT_TIMEOUT] = 5<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span> = curl_init(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span>     curl_setopt_array(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span>,<span style="color: #800080;">$options</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$html</span> = curl_exec(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span>     curl_close(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span>     <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$html</span> === <span style="color: #0000ff;">false</span><span style="color: #000000;">){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span>         <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">false</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> <span style="color: #000000;">    }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span>     <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$html</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">12</span> }
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<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$url</span> = 'http://www.baidu.com'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> get_html(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>);
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有时候需要传递一些特定的参数才能得到正确的页面 如现在要得到网易的页面:

<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$url</span> = 'http://www.163.com'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> get_html(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>);
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会看到一片空白 什么也没有 那么再利用curl_getinfo写一个函数 看看发生了什么:

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<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> get_info(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>,<span style="color: #800080;">$options</span> = <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">()){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>[CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER] = <span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>[CURLOPT_TIMEOUT] = 5<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span> = curl_init(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span>     curl_setopt_array(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span>,<span style="color: #800080;">$options</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$html</span> = curl_exec(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span>     <span style="color: #800080;">$info</span> = curl_getinfo(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span>     curl_close(<span style="color: #800080;">$ch</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span>     <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$info</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> <span style="color: #000000;">}
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$url</span> = 'http://www.163.com'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #008080;">var_dump</span>(get_info(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>));
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可以看到http_code 302 重定向了 这时候就需要传递一些参数了:

<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$url</span> = 'http://www.163.com'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>[CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION] = <span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> get_html(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>,<span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>);
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会发现 怎么是这样的一个页面 和我们电脑访问的不同???

看来参数还是不够 不够服务器判断我们的客户端是什么设备上的 就返回了个普通版

看来还要传送USERAGENT

 

<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$url</span> = 'http://www.163.com'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>[CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION] = <span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>[CURLOPT_USERAGENT] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:19.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/19.0'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> get_html(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>,<span style="color: #800080;">$options</span>);
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OK现在页面已经出来了 这样基本这个get_html函数基本能实现这样扩展的功能

当然也有另外的办法可以实现,当你明确的知道网易的网页的时候就可以简单采集了:

<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$url</span> = 'http://www.163.com/index.html'<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> get_html(<span style="color: #800080;">$url</span>);
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这样也可以正常的采集

今天先告一段落 byebye!!

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