字符串格式化
>>> '%s plus %s equals %s' % (1,1,2) '1 plus 1 equals 2'
字段的宽度和精度
*字段宽度是转换后的值所保留的最小字符个数,精度(对于数字)是包含的小数位数,或者(对于字符)转换后的值所能包含的最大字符数
>>> from math import pi >>> '%10f' % pi ' 3.141593' >>> from math import pi >>> '%10f' % pi #字段宽10 ' 3.141593' >>> '%10.2f' % pi #字段宽10,精度2 ' 3.14' >>> '%.2f' % pi #精度2 '3.14' >>> '%.5s' % 'My name is ningsi' 'My na' >>> '%.*s' % (5,'My name is ningsi') 'My na'
符号、对齐和0填充
>>> '%010.2f' % pi #用0填充 '0000003.14' >>> '%-10.2f' % pi #左对齐 '3.14 ' >>> print ('% 5d' % 10)+'\n'+('%5d' % -10) 10 -10 >>> print ('%+5d' % 10)+'\n'+('%+5d' % -10) +10 -10
字符串的方法
find 查找子字符串
>>> N='ning si de shu de'>>> N.find('de')8 >>> N.find('dee')-1 >>> N.find('de',9,16) #范围包含第一个索引不包含第二个-1
join 是split方法的逆方法
>>> s=['1','2','3','4'] >>> q.join(s) '1+2+3+4' >>> p='','usr','bin','env' >>> '/'.join(p) '/usr/bin/env'>>> print 'C:'+'\\'.join(p) C:\usr\bin\env
lower 返回字符串的小写字母版
>>> 'My name is ningsideshu'.lower() 'my name is ningsideshu' >>> if 'name' in ['my','Name','is']:print 'Found it!' >>> if 'my' in ['my','Name','is']:print 'Found it!' Found it!
replace 替换
>>> 'This is a pen'.replace('pen','apple')'This is a apple'
split 将字符串分割成序列
>>> '1+2+3+4+5'.split('+') ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'] >>> '/usr/bin/env'.split('/') ['', 'usr', 'bin', 'env'] >>> 'Using the default'.split() #默认所有空格作为分隔符(空格、换行等) ['Using', 'the', 'default']
strip 返回去除两侧空格(或指定字符)的字符串 (另外:lstrip,rstrip)
>>> ' My name is Nsds '.strip()'My name is Nsds'>>> ' *My name is Nsds * '.strip(' *')'My name is Nsds'
translate 替换,与replace不同的是,可以替换单个字符(字符串中的某些部分)
>>> from string import maketrans >>> N=maketrans('ns','mf') >>> 'My name is ningsideshu'.translate(N) 'My mame if mimgfidefhu' >>> 'My name is ningsideshu'.translate(N,'M') #第二个参数指定需要删除的字符 'y mame if mimgfidefhu'
模版字符串
>>> from string import Template >>> s=Template('$x. name $x!') >>> s.substitute(x='hello') 'hello. name hello!' >>> s=Template("It't ${x}tastic!") >>> s.substitute(x='slurm') "It't slurmtastic!" >>> s=Template("It't ${x}tastic${y}!") >>> s.substitute(x='slurm',y='a') "It't slurmtastica!" >>> s=Template('A $thing must never $action.') >>> d={} >>> d['thing']='gentleman' >>> d['action']='show his socks' >>> s.substitute(d) 'A gentleman must never show his socks.'
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