파이썬의 일반적인 데이터베이스는 무엇인가요? 데이터베이스는 크게 두 가지 범주로 나누어집니다. 첫 번째 범주에는 관계형 데이터베이스가 포함되고, 두 번째 범주에는 비관계형 데이터베이스가 포함됩니다. 다음은 이 두 가지 유형의 데이터베이스에 대한 관련 지식을 소개합니다.
관계형 데이터베이스 포함: sqlite, mysql, mssql
비관계형 데이터베이스: MongoDB, Redis
1 SQLite에 연결
import sqlite3
import traceback
try:
# 如果表不存在,就创建
with sqlite3.connect('test.db') as conn:
print("Opened database successfully")
# 删除表
conn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
conn.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
conn.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ? )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
# VALUES ( 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
# VALUES ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
# VALUES ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
# VALUES ( 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
# VALUES ( 'David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00 )");
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
# VALUES ( 'Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00 )")
#
# conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
# VALUES ( 'James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00 )")
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
result = conn.execute(sql)
for row in result:
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %.2f" % ("salary", row[4]))
# or
# print('{:10s} {:.2f}'.format("salary", row[4]))
except sqlite3.Error as e:
print("sqlite3 Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc()로그인 후 복사
2. 관련 추천: "
python 비디오 튜토리얼
》2.2 MySQLdb 사용하기
2.1 mysqldb 라이브러리에서 _mysql 사용하기
import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
# 获取一个数据库连接
with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
print("Mysql Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc() # 打印错误栈信息로그인 후 복사
로그인 후 복사
2.2 MySQLdb 사용하기
import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
# 获取一个数据库连接
with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
print("Mysql Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc() # 打印错误栈信息로그인 후 복사
로그인 후 복사
섹션 2.1과 2.2에서는 MySQLdb를 사용합니다. Python 3에서는 지원되지 않습니다.
import pymysql
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
# 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
# with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
with closing(pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,
charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
# 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
with conn.cursor() as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COMPANY")
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymysql.Error as e:
print("Mysql Error:", e)
traceback.print_exc()로그인 후 복사
5.2, pyredis
import pymssql
from contextlib import closing
try:
# 先要保证数据库中有test数据库
# 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
# with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
with closing(pymssql.connect(host='192.168.100.114', user='sa', password='sa12345', database='test', port=1433,
charset='utf8')) as conn:
print("connect database successfully")
# 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
with conn.cursor() as cur:
# 删除表
cur.execute(
'''if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where name='COMPANY' and type='U') drop table COMPANY''')
# 创建表
sql = """
CREATE TABLE COMPANY
(ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL ,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);
"""
cur.execute(sql)
print("create table successfully")
# 添加数据
# 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
[('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond', 65000.00),
('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
# 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
conn.commit()
print("insert successfully")
# 查询表
sql = """
select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
"""
cur.execute(sql)
for row in cur.fetchall():
print("-" * 50) # 输出50个-,作为分界线
print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0])) # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymssql.Error as e:
print("mssql Error:", e)
# traceback.print_exc()로그인 후 복사
사용
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