MongoDB 4.X 기본 튜토리얼

1. MongoDB 소개

• MongoDB는 분산 파일 스토리지 기반의 데이터베이스입니다.

• C++ 언어로 작성되었습니다. 웹 애플리케이션을 위한 확장 가능한 고성능 데이터 스토리지 솔루션을 제공하도록 설계되었습니다.

• MongoDB는 관계형 데이터베이스와 비관계형 데이터베이스 사이의 제품으로, 비관계형 데이터베이스 중에서 기능이 가장 풍부하고 관계형 데이터베이스와 가장 유사합니다.

• MongoDB에서 지원하는 데이터 구조는 매우 느슨하며 JSON과 유사한 BJSON 형식이므로 더 복잡한 데이터 유형을 저장할 수 있습니다. Mongo의 가장 큰 특징은 지원하는 쿼리 언어가 매우 강력하다는 것입니다. 구문이 객체지향 쿼리 언어와 다소 유사하며 관계형 데이터베이스의 단일 테이블 쿼리와 유사한 대부분의 기능을 구현할 수 있으며 인덱싱도 지원합니다. 데이터.

• MongoDB 데이터 작업은 json 형식을 기반으로 합니다.

<span style="font-size: 16px;"> { "userName":"admin", "password":123456 }<br/></span>

2. MongoDB 설치

1. MongoDB 다운로드

• 웹사이트: https://www .mongodb .com/try/download/community

  
  

• 위 그림에서 버전 선택시 자신의 시스템에 맞게 선택하시면 됩니다. 선택할 수 있습니다.

2. MongoDB 설치

• .msi 파일을 다운로드한 후 지침에 따라 설치하세요.

• 설치 과정에서 "Custom" 버튼을 클릭하여 설치 디렉터리를 설정할 수 있습니다. C 드라이브에는 설치하지 않는 것이 좋습니다.

다음을 클릭하여 설치하세요. 하지만 이 단계에 주의해야 합니다. 이는 시각적 구성 요소를 설치하는 것입니다. 여기서는 선택을 취소해야 합니다. 설치 프로세스 중에 시각적 구성 요소가 다운로드되며 때로는 오류가 보고됩니다.

3. MongoDB 환경 변수 구성

• 이 컴퓨터를 마우스 오른쪽 버튼으로 클릭하세요. 데스크탑>>>>속성>>>>고급 시스템 설정>>>>>고급>>>환경 변수>>>>경로 찾기>>>>편집 선택>>>>새로 만들기

• 열린 환경 변수의 MongoDB 설치 bin 경로를 새 디렉터리

• 에 복사합니다. 확인을 클릭하여 환경 변수를 완료합니다.

4. 설치 성공 여부 확인

• CMD 명령창을 열고 mongo를 입력하면 설치가 성공했음을 알리는 다음과 같은 프롬프트 메시지가 나타납니다.

<span style="font-size: 16px;">C:\Users\***.DESKTOP-C1RC9P2>mongo<br/>MongoDB shell version v4.4.2-rc0<br/>connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb<br/>Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("df31999e-cb62-4f71-8a18-7db8723c514f") }<br/>MongoDB server version: 4.4.2-rc0<br/>---<br/>The server generated these startup warnings when booting:<br/>        2020-10-30T16:25:16.503+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted<br/>---<br/>---<br/>        Enable MongoDB&#39;s free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display<br/>        metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).<br/><br/>        The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you<br/>        and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product<br/>        improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.<br/><br/>        To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()<br/>        To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()<br/></span>

3. MongoDB 사용에 대한 기본 소개

• MongoDB는 비관계형 데이터베이스로 데이터베이스, 테이블, 필드 등이 관계형 데이터베이스와 다소 다릅니다.

• MongoDB의 컬렉션은 관계형 데이터베이스의 테이블과 동일합니다. MongoDB의 json 문자열 키는 관계형 데이터베이스의 열 이름과 같습니다. MongoDB 데이터를 운영할 때 모두 json 데이터 형식을 사용합니다.

• 1. 데이터베이스 이름 보기

• 查看所有数据库名

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>  show dbs<br/></span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">  > show dbs<br/>  admin   0.000GB<br/>  config  0.000GB<br/>  local   0.000GB<br/></span>

• 这三个数据库是默认系统数据库，不能删除。

2. 查看集合

• 查看集合前提是要先指定使用哪一个数据库

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>ues 数据库名 show collections<br/></span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> use admin <br/>switched to db admin <br/>> show collections <br/>system.version<br/></span>

• system.version 就是admin这个数据库中的表

3.查询集合中的数据

• 这里先简单介绍查询集合中的所有数据，方便后面学习。

• 查询集合中的所有数据，这里查询的是系统数据库admin中的 system.version 集合

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>	db.集合名.find()<br/></span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.system.version.find()<br/>{ "_id" : "featureCompatibilityVersion", "version" : "4.4" }<br/></span>

• 这里的_id是集合的键，每个集合里面默认存在，version是集合中的另一个键，相当于关系型 数据库中的字段

四、创建数据库及添加数据

MongoDB不能够直接创建数据库，需要添加一条数据才能创建

1.创建数据库和插入数据

• 先指定创建的数据

• 然后执行添加数据命令

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> use company<br/>switched to db company<br/>> db.emp.insert({"empno":100,"ename":"admin","sex":"男","age":20,"salary":800.00,"deptno":10})<br/>WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })<br/></span>

• 这里插入了6列数据，分别是员工的编号，姓名，性别，年龄，薪资及所在的部门

<span style="font-size: 16px;">WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })<br/></span>

• 表示一行数据插入成功,说明创建数据成功，同时添加 了一套数据,我们可以继续添加

<span style="font-size: 16px;">>  db.emp.insert({"empno":101,"ename":"张三","sex":"女","age":30,"salary":2500.00,"deptno":20})})})})<br/>WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })</span>

• 随着数据的插入，数据库也随着创建成功。

五、查询数据

查询所有数据，在查询数据前要先指定使用哪个数据库，再查询数据库中的所有集合，根据相应集 合再查询数据。

1.查询所有数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>db.集合名.find() </span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">指定对哪个数据库操作<br/>	> use company<br/>	switched to db company<br/>查询指定数据库后里面的所有集合<br/>	> show collections<br/>emp<br/>查询所有数据，一共12条数据：<br/>	> db.emp.find()<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 34, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 34, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "empno" : 107, "ename" : "王三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 27, "salary" : 5000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 33, "salary" : 10000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c371b5df291fa8194b927"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c376a29491ade8d9d3e79"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 32, "salary" : 1600, "deptno" : 30 }<br/></span>

2.去掉集合中重复的数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>> db.集合名.distinct("ename")<br/></span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.distinct("ename")<br/><br/>[<br/>        "admin",<br/>        "刘静",<br/>        "张三",<br/>        "张四",<br/>        "张良",<br/>        "李元芳",<br/>        "李元静",<br/>        "李四",<br/>        "李明",<br/>        "李菲菲",<br/>        "王三"<br/>]<br/></span>

• 上面的结果“李四”重复被去掉了

3. 查询年龄等于25的数据

• 这里的“age”可以不加“ ”，直接写成{age:25}

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"age":25})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

4. 查询ename=“李元芳“的数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"ename":"李元芳"})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/></span>

5. 查询age>30岁的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"age":{$gt:30}})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/></span>

6. 查询age<25的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"age":{$lt:25}})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

7.查询age>=30的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"age":{$gte:30}})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/></span>

8. 查询age<=30的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"age":{$lte:30}})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "empno" : 107, "ename" : "王三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 27, "salary" : 5000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

9. 查询age>=25并且age<=30的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"age":{$gte:25,$lte:30}})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "empno" : 107, "ename" : "王三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 27, "salary" : 5000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

10. 查询全部姓李的员工数据（模糊查询）

• 模糊查询一般用于查询数据量比较小的集合数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"ename":/李/})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/></span>

11. 查询姓名以“张”开头的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"ename":/^张/})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/></span>

12. 查询以姓名以“静”结尾的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"ename":/静$/})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

13. 查询指定列的员工数据

• 查询所有员工年龄的数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({},{"age":1})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "age" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "age" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "age" : 25 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "age" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "age" : 28 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "age" : 32 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "age" : 27 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "age" : 25 }<br/></span>

• 查询所有员工的姓名和年龄的数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({},{"ename":1,"age":1})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "ename" : "admin", "age" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "ename" : "张三", "age" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "ename" : "张良", "age" : 25 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "ename" : "李明", "age" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "ename" : "李菲菲", "age" : 28 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "ename" : "张四", "age" : 32 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "ename" : "李四", "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "ename" : "李四", "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "ename" : "王三", "age" : 27 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "ename" : "李元芳", "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "ename" : "李元静", "age" : 35 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "ename" : "刘静", "age" : 25 }<br/></span>

• 查询age>=30的员工姓名、年龄和薪资

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({"age":{$gte:30}},{"ename":1,"age":1,"salary":1})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "ename" : "张三", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "ename" : "李明", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "ename" : "张四", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "ename" : "李四", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "ename" : "李四", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "ename" : "李元芳", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "ename" : "李元静", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000 }<br/></span>

14. 排序

• 按照年龄升序排列

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find().sort({"age":1})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "empno" : 107, "ename" : "王三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 27, "salary" : 5000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/></span>

• 按照薪资降序排列

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find().sort({salary:-1})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "empno" : 107, "ename" : "王三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 27, "salary" : 5000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

15. 查询ename=admin且age=20的员工数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({ename:"admin",age:20})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

16. 查询前5条数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find().limit(5)<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/></span>

17. 查询10条以后的数据

• 这里一共12条数据，查询10条以后的数据，结果是两条数据。

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find().skip(10)<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

18. 查询集合中的总数据

• 一共12条数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find().count()<br/><br/>12<br/></span>

• 查询salary>=5000的员工数量

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({salary:{$gte:5000}}).count()<br/><br/>6<br/></span>

验证（查询查询salary>=5000的员工数据，一共是6条。）

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({salary:{$gte:5000}})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "empno" : 107, "ename" : "王三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 27, "salary" : 5000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/></span>

19. 分页查询

• 按照每页显示5条数据查询，一共12条数据，就要查询3页

<span style="font-size: 16px;">第一页：<br/>> db.emp.find().skip(0).limit(5)<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c20945df291fa8194b91d"), "empno" : 102, "ename" : "张良", "sex" : "男", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c215f5df291fa8194b91f"), "empno" : 104, "ename" : "李菲菲", "sex" : "女", "age" : 28, "salary" : 4200, "deptno" : 20 }<br/><br/>第二页：<br/>> db.emp.find().skip(5).limit(5)<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21855df291fa8194b920"), "empno" : 105, "ename" : "张四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 32, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21d85df291fa8194b923"), "empno" : 107, "ename" : "王三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 27, "salary" : 5000, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/><br/>第三页：<br/>> db.emp.find().skip(10).limit(5)<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c227d5df291fa8194b926"), "empno" : 110, "ename" : "刘静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 25, "salary" : 3500, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

• skip的值=（页数-1）* 每页显示数量

• skip（N）：表示要查询第N条数据后的数据

20.关键字or的查询方式

• 查询年龄是30或者年龄是35的员工数据(注意写法)

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({$or:[{age:30},{age:35}]})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1dfc5df291fa8194b91c"), "empno" : 101, "ename" : "张三", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 2500, "deptno" : 20 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21055df291fa8194b91e"), "empno" : 103, "ename" : "李明", "sex" : "女", "age" : 30, "salary" : 1800, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c219b5df291fa8194b921"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c21a75df291fa8194b922"), "empno" : 106, "ename" : "李四", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 12000, "deptno" : 10 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 35, "salary" : 8000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22445df291fa8194b925"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 35, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/></span>

21. 查询第一条数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.findOne()<br/>{<br/>        "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"),<br/>        "empno" : 100,<br/>        "ename" : "admin",<br/>        "sex" : "男",<br/>        "age" : 20,<br/>        "salary" : 800,<br/>        "deptno" : 10<br/>}<br/></span>

或

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find().limit(1)<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c1c5b5df291fa8194b91b"), "empno" : 100, "ename" : "admin", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20, "salary" : 800, "deptno" : 10 }<br/></span>

22. 查询当前表所在的数据库

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.getDB()<br/><br/>company<br/></span>

六、更新数据

• 更新数据一定要有条件限制，并且需要加上$set否则会全部修改

• 第一个参数是条件，后面的参数是要修改的数据或者是其他操作，比如批量操作

1. 更新员工李元静的年龄为32岁

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.update({ename:"李元静"},{$set:{age:32}})<br/><br/>WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })<br/></span>

验证(查询姓名是李元静的员工数据)

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({ename:"李元静"})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c376a29491ade8d9d3e79"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 32, "salary" : 15000, "deptno" : 36 }<br/></span>

2. 更新员工李元静的薪资为1600并且所在部门修改为30

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.update({ename:"李元静"},{$set:{salary:1600,deptno:30}})<br/><br/>WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })<br/></span>

• 验证(查询姓名是李元静的员工数据)

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({ename:"李元静"})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c376a29491ade8d9d3e79"), "empno" : 109, "ename" : "李元静", "sex" : "女", "age" : 32, "salary" : 1600, "deptno" : 30 }<br/></span>

3. 批量更新数据

• 把年龄是35岁的更新为34岁

• 设置第三个参数：{multi:true}

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.update({age:35},{$set:{age:34}},{multi:true})<br/><br/>WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 3, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 3 })<br/></span>

• 通过db.emp.find()验证所有数据没有年龄为35的员工

4. $inc使用

• $inc将一个字段的值增加或者减少

• 把李元芳的年龄减少1岁，同时薪资加2000

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.update({ename:"李元芳"},{$inc:{age:-1,salary:2000}})<br/><br/>WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })<br/></span>

• 验证

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.emp.find({ename:"李元芳"})<br/><br/>{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f9c22185df291fa8194b924"), "empno" : 108, "ename" : "李元芳", "sex" : "男", "age" : 33, "salary" : 10000, "deptno" : 30 }<br/></span>

七、删除操作

1. 删除指定条件的数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">db.emp.remove({ename:"李元芳"})<br/></span>

2. 删除所有数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">db.emp.remove({})<br/></span>

3. 删除集合

<span style="font-size: 16px;">db.emp.drop()<br/></span>

4.删除数据库

<span style="font-size: 16px;">db.dropDatabase()<br/></span>

5. 温馨提示

• 对数据库数据执行删除操作时，记得加条件！

八、MongoDB数据库索引

• MongoDB数据库索引是指对数据库集合中的一列或者多列进行排序的一种结构，可以大大缩减我们在使用数据库查询时候的时间，其用法和关系型数据库一样。

1. 模拟批量插入数据

• 在使用数据库前，我们创建一个com数据库和users集合，模拟60万条数据

• PS:插入60万条数据大概需要5分钟

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> use com<br/>switched to db com<br/>> for(var i=0;i<600000;i++){<br/>... db.users.insert({userNo:i,userName:"张三"+i,age:28,phone:"13000"+i})<br/>... }<br/>WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })<br/></span>

• 验证数据

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.find().count()<br/>600000<br/></span>

2.无索引查询所耗费时间

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令： <br/>db.users.find({userNo:599999}).explain("executionStats")<br/></span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.find({userNo:599999}).explain("executionStats")<br/>{<br/>        "queryPlanner" : {<br/>                "plannerVersion" : 1,<br/>                "namespace" : "com.users",<br/>                "indexFilterSet" : false,<br/>                "parsedQuery" : {<br/>                        "userNo" : {<br/>                                "$eq" : 599999<br/>                        }<br/>                },<br/>                "winningPlan" : {<br/>                        "stage" : "COLLSCAN",<br/>                        "filter" : {<br/>                                "userNo" : {<br/>                                        "$eq" : 599999<br/>                                }<br/>                        },<br/>                        "direction" : "forward"<br/>                },<br/>                "rejectedPlans" : [ ]<br/>        },<br/>        "executionStats" : {<br/>                "executionSuccess" : true,<br/>                "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                "executionTimeMillis" : 254,<br/>                "totalKeysExamined" : 0,<br/>                "totalDocsExamined" : 600000,<br/>                "executionStages" : {<br/>                        "stage" : "COLLSCAN",<br/>                        "filter" : {<br/>                                "userNo" : {<br/>                                        "$eq" : 599999<br/>                                }<br/>                        },<br/>                        "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                        "executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 3,<br/>                        "works" : 600002,<br/>                        "advanced" : 1,<br/>                        "needTime" : 600000,<br/>                        "needYield" : 0,<br/>                        "saveState" : 600,<br/>                        "restoreState" : 600,<br/>                        "isEOF" : 1,<br/>                        "direction" : "forward",<br/>                        "docsExamined" : 600000<br/>                }<br/>        },<br/>        "serverInfo" : {<br/>                "host" : "thinkPadE580",<br/>                "port" : 27017,<br/>                "version" : "4.4.2-rc0",<br/>                "gitVersion" : "b5fafa1f87dda6f8773c5a8a1a5e7776d4d94da7"<br/>        },<br/>        "ok" : 1<br/>}<br/></span>

• 通过"executionTimeMillis" : 254可以知道查询所耗费时间为254毫秒，当然这与计算机配置性能有关。

3. 创建索引

• 为userNo创建索引

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>	db.users.ensureIndex({userNo:1})<br/></span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.ensureIndex({userNo:1})<br/>{<br/>        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,<br/>        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,<br/>        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,<br/>        "ok" : 1<br/>}<br/></span>

4. 查询索引

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>	db.users.getIndexes()<br/></span>

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.getIndexes()<br/>[<br/>        {<br/>                "v" : 2,<br/>                "key" : {<br/>                        "_id" : 1<br/>                },<br/>                "name" : "_id_"<br/>        },<br/>        {<br/>                "v" : 2,<br/>                "key" : {<br/>                        "userNo" : 1<br/>                },<br/>                "name" : "userNo_1"<br/>        }<br/>]<br/></span>

• _id为集合默认id索引,userNo是自定义索引

5. 使用索引查询所耗费时间

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.find({userNo:599999}).explain("executionStats")<br/>{<br/>        "queryPlanner" : {<br/>                "plannerVersion" : 1,<br/>                "namespace" : "com.users",<br/>                "indexFilterSet" : false,<br/>                "parsedQuery" : {<br/>                        "userNo" : {<br/>                                "$eq" : 599999<br/>                        }<br/>                },<br/>                "winningPlan" : {<br/>                        "stage" : "FETCH",<br/>                        "inputStage" : {<br/>                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",<br/>                                "keyPattern" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : 1<br/>                                },<br/>                                "indexName" : "userNo_1",<br/>                                "isMultiKey" : false,<br/>                                "multiKeyPaths" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [ ]<br/>                                },<br/>                                "isUnique" : false,<br/>                                "isSparse" : false,<br/>                                "isPartial" : false,<br/>                                "indexVersion" : 2,<br/>                                "direction" : "forward",<br/>                                "indexBounds" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [<br/>                                                "[599999.0, 599999.0]"<br/>                                        ]<br/>                                }<br/>                        }<br/>                },<br/>                "rejectedPlans" : [ ]<br/>        },<br/>        "executionStats" : {<br/>                "executionSuccess" : true,<br/>                "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                "executionTimeMillis" : 84,<br/>                "totalKeysExamined" : 1,<br/>                "totalDocsExamined" : 1,<br/>                "executionStages" : {<br/>                        "stage" : "FETCH",<br/>                        "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                        "executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,<br/>                        "works" : 2,<br/>                        "advanced" : 1,<br/>                        "needTime" : 0,<br/>                        "needYield" : 0,<br/>                        "saveState" : 0,<br/>                        "restoreState" : 0,<br/>                        "isEOF" : 1,<br/>                        "docsExamined" : 1,<br/>                        "alreadyHasObj" : 0,<br/>                        "inputStage" : {<br/>                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",<br/>                                "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                                "executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,<br/>                                "works" : 2,<br/>                                "advanced" : 1,<br/>                                "needTime" : 0,<br/>                                "needYield" : 0,<br/>                                "saveState" : 0,<br/>                                "restoreState" : 0,<br/>                                "isEOF" : 1,<br/>                                "keyPattern" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : 1<br/>                                },<br/>                                "indexName" : "userNo_1",<br/>                                "isMultiKey" : false,<br/>                                "multiKeyPaths" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [ ]<br/>                                },<br/>                                "isUnique" : false,<br/>                                "isSparse" : false,<br/>                                "isPartial" : false,<br/>                                "indexVersion" : 2,<br/>                                "direction" : "forward",<br/>                                "indexBounds" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [<br/>                                                "[599999.0, 599999.0]"<br/>                                        ]<br/>                                },<br/>                                "keysExamined" : 1,<br/>                                "seeks" : 1,<br/>                                "dupsTested" : 0,<br/>                                "dupsDropped" : 0<br/>                        }<br/>                }<br/>        },<br/>        "serverInfo" : {<br/>                "host" : "thinkPadE580",<br/>                "port" : 27017,<br/>                "version" : "4.4.2-rc0",<br/>                "gitVersion" : "b5fafa1f87dda6f8773c5a8a1a5e7776d4d94da7"<br/>        },<br/>        "ok" : 1<br/>}<br/></span>

• 用索引查询userNo的值，可以通过"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0知道，所耗费的时间为0毫秒，大大缩短了查询速度

6. 删除索引

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>	 db.users.dropIndex({userNo:1})<br/></span>

验证

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.dropIndex({userNo:1})<br/>{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }<br/></span>

• 可以看出，我们自定义的索引已经删除

7. 复合索引

• 当要对多个字段进行经常性大量查询的时候，我们可以设置复合索引

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.ensureIndex({userNo:1,userName:1})<br/>{<br/>        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,<br/>        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,<br/>        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,<br/>        "ok" : 1<br/>}<br/></span>

• 查看复合索引

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.getIndexes()<br/>[<br/>        {<br/>                "v" : 2,<br/>                "key" : {<br/>                        "_id" : 1<br/>                },<br/>                "name" : "_id_"<br/>        },<br/>        {<br/>                "v" : 2,<br/>                "key" : {<br/>                        "userNo" : 1,<br/>                        "userName" : 1<br/>                },<br/>                "name" : "userNo_1_userName_1"<br/>        }<br/>]<br/></span>

• userNo和userName是我们自定义的索引

• 查询userName:”张三599999”所耗费时间

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.find({userNo:599999,userName:"张三599999"}).explain("executionStats")))<br/>{<br/>        "queryPlanner" : {<br/>                "plannerVersion" : 1,<br/>                "namespace" : "com.users",<br/>                "indexFilterSet" : false,<br/>                "parsedQuery" : {<br/>                        "$and" : [<br/>                                {<br/>                                        "userName" : {<br/>                                                "$eq" : "张三599999"<br/>                                        }<br/>                                },<br/>                                {<br/>                                        "userNo" : {<br/>                                                "$eq" : 599999<br/>                                        }<br/>                                }<br/>                        ]<br/>                },<br/>                "winningPlan" : {<br/>                        "stage" : "FETCH",<br/>                        "inputStage" : {<br/>                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",<br/>                                "keyPattern" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : 1,<br/>                                        "userName" : 1<br/>                                },<br/>                                "indexName" : "userNo_1_userName_1",<br/>                                "isMultiKey" : false,<br/>                                "multiKeyPaths" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [ ],<br/>                                        "userName" : [ ]<br/>                                },<br/>                                "isUnique" : false,<br/>                                "isSparse" : false,<br/>                                "isPartial" : false,<br/>                                "indexVersion" : 2,<br/>                                "direction" : "forward",<br/>                                "indexBounds" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [<br/>                                                "[599999.0, 599999.0]"<br/>                                        ],<br/>                                        "userName" : [<br/>                                                "[\"张三599999\", \"张三599999\"]"<br/>                                        ]<br/>                                }<br/>                        }<br/>                },<br/>                "rejectedPlans" : [ ]<br/>        },<br/>        "executionStats" : {<br/>                "executionSuccess" : true,<br/>                "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                "executionTimeMillis" : 2,<br/>                "totalKeysExamined" : 1,<br/>                "totalDocsExamined" : 1,<br/>                "executionStages" : {<br/>                        "stage" : "FETCH",<br/>                        "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                        "executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,<br/>                        "works" : 2,<br/>                        "advanced" : 1,<br/>                        "needTime" : 0,<br/>                        "needYield" : 0,<br/>                        "saveState" : 0,<br/>                        "restoreState" : 0,<br/>                        "isEOF" : 1,<br/>                        "docsExamined" : 1,<br/>                        "alreadyHasObj" : 0,<br/>                        "inputStage" : {<br/>                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",<br/>                                "nReturned" : 1,<br/>                                "executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,<br/>                                "works" : 2,<br/>                                "advanced" : 1,<br/>                                "needTime" : 0,<br/>                                "needYield" : 0,<br/>                                "saveState" : 0,<br/>                                "restoreState" : 0,<br/>                                "isEOF" : 1,<br/>                                "keyPattern" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : 1,<br/>                                        "userName" : 1<br/>                                },<br/>                                "indexName" : "userNo_1_userName_1",<br/>                                "isMultiKey" : false,<br/>                                "multiKeyPaths" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [ ],<br/>                                        "userName" : [ ]<br/>                                },<br/>                                "isUnique" : false,<br/>                                "isSparse" : false,<br/>                                "isPartial" : false,<br/>                                "indexVersion" : 2,<br/>                                "direction" : "forward",<br/>                                "indexBounds" : {<br/>                                        "userNo" : [<br/>                                                "[599999.0, 599999.0]"<br/>                                        ],<br/>                                        "userName" : [<br/>                                                "[\"张三599999\", \"张三599999\"]"<br/>                                        ]<br/>                                },<br/>                                "keysExamined" : 1,<br/>                                "seeks" : 1,<br/>                                "dupsTested" : 0,<br/>                                "dupsDropped" : 0<br/>                        }<br/>                }<br/>        },<br/>        "serverInfo" : {<br/>                "host" : "thinkPadE580",<br/>                "port" : 27017,<br/>                "version" : "4.4.2-rc0",<br/>                "gitVersion" : "b5fafa1f87dda6f8773c5a8a1a5e7776d4d94da7"<br/>        },<br/>        "ok" : 1<br/>}<br/></span>

• 通过"executionTimeMillis" : 2,可以看出，查询userNo和userName只需要2毫秒

• 注意：如果在一个集合中，对多个字段设置索引N（N!=1），在使用复合索引查询的时候，要连同第一个索引字段一起查询，如果只单单查询第N个,索引将没有效果。

8.唯一索引

• 创建唯一索引的条件是，集合中字段的数据不能重复，但在缺省情况下创建是索引均不是唯一索引

• 由于集合中的age都是一样的值，在给age创建唯一索引的时候会报错

<span style="font-size: 16px;">命令：<br/>	> db.users.ensure({age:1},{unique:true})<br/></span>

• 为age创建唯一索引，失败

<span style="font-size: 16px;">> db.users.ensure({age:1},{unique:true})<br/>TypeError: db.users.ensure is not a function :<br/>@(shell):1:1<br/></span>

위 내용은 MongoDB 4.X 기본 튜토리얼의 상세 내용입니다. 자세한 내용은 PHP 중국어 웹사이트의 기타 관련 기사를 참조하세요!