Python으로 슈팅 게임을 구현하는 방법

프로젝트 기능

맵 편집기: 플레이어가 각 레벨의 스타일과 난이도를 정의할 수 있습니다.

실행 인터페이스: 플레이어의 움직임, 점프, 총알 발사, 수류탄 던지기 및 적의 AL(이동, 총알 발사, 수류탄 던지기)을 인식합니다. 동시에 게임에는 일련의 소품(건강약 상자, 총알 공급, 수류탄 공급)은 물론 다양한 애니메이션과 음악 음향 효과는 물론 다양한 꽃과 바위 장식은 물론 위험한 장소도 포함되어 있습니다. 절벽과 물 소용돌이가 더 많이 있습니다. 직접 경험을 통해 느낄 수 있습니다!

전체 코드는 총 1100줄 정도 됩니다!

Map Editor

import pygame
import sys
import csv
import button

pygame.init()
# 定义一个时钟
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 60

# 游戏窗口
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 560
LOWER_MARGIN = 100
SIDE_MAGTIN = 300
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH + SIDE_MAGTIN, SCREEN_HEIGHT + LOWER_MARGIN))
pygame.display.set_caption("级别编辑器")

# 定义游戏变量
ROWS = 16
MAX_COLS = 150
TILE_SIZE = SCREEN_HEIGHT // ROWS
TILE_TYPES = 21
level = 1
current_tile = 0
scroll_left = False
scroll_right = False
scroll = 0
scroll_speed = 1

# 加载背景图片
pine1_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/pine1.png").convert_alpha()
pine2_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/pine2.png").convert_alpha()
mountain_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/mountain.png").convert_alpha()
sky_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/sky_cloud.png").convert_alpha()
# 瓷砖瓦片列表
img_list = []
for x in range(TILE_TYPES):
    img = pygame.image.load(f"img/tile/{x}.png")
    img = pygame.transform.scale(img, (TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE))
    img_list.append(img)

# 创建保存按钮
save_img = pygame.image.load("img/save_btn.png").convert_alpha()
load_img = pygame.image.load("img/load_btn.png").convert_alpha()

# 定义颜色
GREEN = (144, 201, 120)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (200, 25, 25)

#定义字体
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Futura", 30)

# 创建空的瓷砖列表（二维）
world_data = []
for row in range(ROWS):
    r = [-1] * MAX_COLS
    world_data.append(r)

# 创建一个组
for tile in range(0, MAX_COLS):
    world_data[ROWS - 1][tile] = 0

# 在屏幕上显示下一级定义文本显示函数
def draw_text(text, font, text_color, x, y):
    img = font.render(text, True, text_color)
    screen.blit(img, (x, y))


# 创建背景函数
def draw_bg():
    screen.fill(GREEN)
    width = sky_img.get_width()
    for x in range(4):
        screen.blit(sky_img, ((x * width) - scroll * 0.5, 0))
        screen.blit(mountain_img, ((x * width) - scroll * 0.6, SCREEN_HEIGHT - mountain_img.get_height() - 300))
        screen.blit(pine1_img, ((x * width) - scroll * 0.7, SCREEN_HEIGHT - pine1_img.get_height() - 150))
        screen.blit(pine2_img, ((x * width) - scroll * 0.8, SCREEN_HEIGHT - pine2_img.get_height()))

# 绘制格子
def draw_grid():
    # 垂直的线
    for c in range(MAX_COLS + 1):
        pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (c * TILE_SIZE - scroll, 0), (c * TILE_SIZE - scroll, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
    # 水平的线
    for c in range(ROWS + 1):
        pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (0, c * TILE_SIZE), (SCREEN_WIDTH, c * TILE_SIZE))

# 在地图中绘制瓷砖
def draw_world():
    for y, row in enumerate(world_data):
        for x, tile in enumerate(row):
            if tile >= 0:
                screen.blit(img_list[tile], (x * TILE_SIZE - scroll, y * TILE_SIZE))
# 创建按钮
# 创建保存和加载数据按钮
save_button = button.Button(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT + LOWER_MARGIN - 50, save_img, 1)
load_button = button.Button(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2 + 200, SCREEN_HEIGHT + LOWER_MARGIN - 50, load_img, 1)

# 制作一个按钮瓷片列表
button_list = []
button_col = 0
button_row = 0
for i in range(len(img_list)):
    tile_button = button.Button(SCREEN_WIDTH + (75 * button_col) + 50, 75 * button_row + 50, img_list[i], 1)
    button_list.append(tile_button)
    button_col += 1
    if button_col == 3:
        button_row += 1
        button_col = 0

run = True
while run:
    clock.tick(FPS)
    draw_bg()
    draw_grid()
    draw_world()

    draw_text(f"Level: {level}", font, WHITE, 10, SCREEN_HEIGHT + LOWER_MARGIN - 90)
    draw_text("Press up or Down to change level", font, WHITE, 10, SCREEN_HEIGHT + LOWER_MARGIN - 60)

    # 保存和加载地图数据
    if save_button.draw(screen):
        # 保存级别数据
        with open(f"level{level}_data.csv", "w", newline="") as csvfile:
            writer = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter = ",")
            for row in world_data:
                writer.writerow(row)
        # with open(f"level{level}_data.csv", "wb") as pickle_out:
        #     pickle.dump(world_data, pickle_out)
    if load_button.draw(screen):
        # 加载地图级别数据
        # 重置滚动scroll为起始位置0
        scroll = 0
        with open(f"level{level}_data.csv", "r", newline="") as csvfile:
            reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=",")
            for y, row in enumerate(reader):
                for x, tile in enumerate(row):
                    world_data[y][x] = int(tile)


    # 画面板和瓷砖
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, (SCREEN_WIDTH, 0, SIDE_MAGTIN, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
    # 选择一种瓷砖，获取右侧瓷砖列表的具体
    button_count = 0
    for button_count, i in enumerate(button_list):
        if i.draw(screen):
            current_tile = button_count
    # 高亮显示选中的瓷砖
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, button_list[current_tile].rect, 3)

    # 滚动地图
    if scroll_left == True and scroll > 0:
        scroll -= 5 * scroll_speed
    if scroll_right == True and scroll < (MAX_COLS * TILE_SIZE) - SCREEN_WIDTH: # 检测最右边的边缘
        scroll += 5 * scroll_speed

    # 在窗口中增加新的瓷砖
    # 获取鼠标的位置
    pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
    x = (pos[0] + scroll) // TILE_SIZE
    y = pos[1] // TILE_SIZE

    # 检测点击的区域，把右侧获取的瓷片放在地图中
    if pos[0] < SCREEN_WIDTH and pos[1] < SCREEN_HEIGHT:
        # 更新瓷砖的值
        if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0] == 1:
            if world_data[y][x] != current_tile:
                world_data[y][x] = current_tile
        # 删除选中的
        if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[2] == 1:
            world_data[y][x] = -1

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        # 键盘按键
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                level += 1
            if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN and level > 0:
                level -= 1
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                scroll_left = True
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                scroll_right = True
            if event.key == pygame.K_LSHIFT:
                scroll_speed = 5
        if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                scroll_left = False
            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                scroll_right = False
            if event.key == pygame.K_LSHIFT:
                scroll_speed = 1
    pygame.display.update()

게임 메인 러너

import pygame
from pygame import mixer
import sys
import os
import random
import csv
import button
import math

mixer.init()
pygame.init()
# 画布元素
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = int(SCREEN_WIDTH * 0.8)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("射击游戏")

# 设置帧
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 60

# 定义游戏变量
GRAVITY = 0.75
SCROLL_THRESH = 200
ROWS = 16
COLS = 150
TILE_SIZE = SCREEN_HEIGHT // ROWS
TILE_TYPES = 21
MAX_LEVELS = 3
screen_scroll = 0
bg_scroll = 0
level = 1
# 定义游戏状态
start_game = False
# 定义是否淡入进入游戏画面
start_intro = False

# 定义玩家状态变量
moving_left = False
moving_right = False
shoot = False
grenade = False
grenade_thrown = False

#加载音乐和声音
pygame.mixer.music.load("audio/music2.mp3")
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.3)
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0, 3000)
jump_fx = pygame.mixer.Sound("audio/jump.wav")
jump_fx.set_volume(0.5)
shot_fx = pygame.mixer.Sound("audio/shot.wav")
shot_fx.set_volume(0.9)
grenade_fx = pygame.mixer.Sound("audio/grenade.wav")
grenade_fx.set_volume(0.9)


# 加载背景图片
pine1_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/pine1.png").convert_alpha()
pine2_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/pine2.png").convert_alpha()
mountain_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/mountain.png").convert_alpha()
sky_img = pygame.image.load("img/Background/sky_cloud.png").convert_alpha()
# 加载按钮图像
start_img = pygame.image.load("img/start_btn.png").convert_alpha()
exit_img = pygame.image.load("img/exit_btn.png").convert_alpha()
restart_img = pygame.image.load("img/restart_btn.png").convert_alpha()

# 加载21种瓷砖图像放在瓷砖图像列表中
img_list = []
for x in range(TILE_TYPES):
   img = pygame.image.load(f"img/Tile/{x}.png")
   img = pygame.transform.scale(img, (TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE))
   img_list.append(img)
# 加载子弹
bullet_img = pygame.image.load("img/icons/bullet.png").convert_alpha()
grenade_img = pygame.image.load("img/icons/grenade.png").convert_alpha()
# 加载物品
health_box_img = pygame.image.load("img/icons/health_box.png").convert_alpha()
ammo_box_img = pygame.image.load("img/icons/ammo_box.png").convert_alpha()
grenade_box_img = pygame.image.load("img/icons/grenade_box.png").convert_alpha()
item_boxes = {
   "Health": health_box_img,
   "Ammo": ammo_box_img,
   "Grenade": grenade_box_img
}
# 定义颜色
BG = (144, 201, 120)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
PINK = (235, 65, 54)
# 定义字体
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Futura", 30)
# 定义一个显示文本函数，用来显示玩家的相关属性
def draw_text(text, font, text_color, x, y):
   img = font.render(text, True, text_color)
   screen.blit(img, (x, y))
# 刷新背景函数，for循环重复背景，刷新背景中不同的照片的x坐标，以此达到背景动态效果
def draw_bg():
   screen.fill(BG)
   width = sky_img.get_width()
   for x in range(5):
      screen.blit(sky_img, ((x * width) - bg_scroll * 0.5, 0))
      screen.blit(mountain_img, ((x * width) - bg_scroll * 0.6, SCREEN_HEIGHT - mountain_img.get_height() - 300))
      screen.blit(pine1_img, ((x * width) - bg_scroll * 0.7, SCREEN_HEIGHT - pine1_img.get_height() - 150))
      screen.blit(pine2_img, ((x * width) - bg_scroll * 0.8, SCREEN_HEIGHT - pine2_img.get_height()))
# 重置游戏函数定义，碰撞”通关“瓷片时，清空本关的所有显示元素
def reset_level():
   enemy_group.empty()
   bullet_group.empty()
   grenade_group.empty()
   explosion_group.empty()
   item_box_group.empty()
   decoration_group.empty()
   water_group.empty()
   exit_group.empty()
   # 创建空的瓷砖列表。二维列表行列
   data = []
   for row in range(ROWS):
      r = [-1] * COLS
      data.append(r)
   return data
# 创建士兵类（敌人和玩家）
class Soldier(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, char_type, x, y, scale, speed, ammo, grenades):
      super().__init__()
      self.alive = True # 定义或者还是死亡变量
      self.char_type = char_type # 获取文件类型样式
      self.speed = speed # 速度
      self.ammo = ammo # 子弹
      self.start_ammo = ammo
      self.shoot_cooldown = 0 # 冷却
      self.grenades = grenades # 手雷
      self.health = 100 # 生命值
      self.max_health = self.health
      self.direction = 1 # 默认方向右
      self.vel_y = 0 # 垂直
      self.jump = False # 跳跃
      self.in_air = True # 是否在空中
      self.flip = False # 默认左为false
      self.animation_list = [] # 动画列表
      self.frame_index = 0 # 索引
      self.action = 0 # 选择动作变量
      self.update_time = pygame.time.get_ticks() # 以毫秒为单位获取时间
      # 创建AI特定变量
      self.move_counter = 0 # 移动计数，对应下文敌人来回徘徊
      self.vision = pygame.Rect(0, 0, 150, 20) # 搜索玩家在玩家视线之内
      self.idling = False # 闲置状态，对应下文AI开枪和扔手雷的状态
      self.idling_counter = 0 # 闲置计数
      self.grenade_time = pygame.time.get_ticks() # 对应下文手雷爆炸时间
      # 加载玩家是所有的图片类型
      animation_types = ["Idle", "Run", "Jump", "Death"]
      for animation in animation_types:
         # 重置临时列表
         temp_list = []
         # 统计每种动画帧数量
         num_of_frames = len(os.listdir(f"img/{char_type}/{animation}"))
         for i in range(num_of_frames):
            img = pygame.image.load(f"img/{char_type}/{animation}/{i}.png").convert_alpha()
            img = pygame.transform.scale(img, (int(img.get_width() * scale), int(img.get_height() * scale)))
            temp_list.append(img)
         self.animation_list.append(temp_list)
      self.image = self.animation_list[self.action][self.frame_index]
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.center = (x, y)# rect=(x,y,w,h)
      self.width = self.image.get_width()
      self.height = self.image.get_height()

   def update(self):
      self.update_animation()
      self.check_alive()
      # 更新冷却时间
      if self.shoot_cooldown > 0:
         self.shoot_cooldown -= 1
   def move(self, moving_left, moving_right):
      # 重置移动变量
      screen_scroll = 0
      dx = 0
      dy = 0
      # 根据移动变量判断向左还是向右移动
      if moving_left:
         dx = -self.speed
         self.flip = True
         self.direction = -1
      if moving_right:
         dx = self.speed
         self.flip = False
         self.direction = 1
      # 跳跃
      if self.jump == True and self.in_air == False:
         self.vel_y = -11
         self.jump = False
         self.in_air = True
      # 使用重力，让其在y方向跳跃高度进行限制
      self.vel_y += GRAVITY
      if self.vel_y > 10:
         self.vel_y
      dy += self.vel_y
      # 检测与地面的碰撞
      for tile in world.obstacle_list:
         # 检测玩家与每个地面瓷砖x方向上的碰撞
         if tile[1].colliderect(self.rect.x + dx, self.rect.y, self.width, self.height):
            dx = 0
            # 检测如果是ai机器人碰到墙就返回
            if self.char_type == "enemy":
               self.direction *= -1
               self.move_counter = 0
         # 检车玩家与瓷砖y方向上的碰撞
         if tile[1].colliderect(self.rect.x, self.rect.y + dy, self.width, self.height):
            # 检测与地面底部的碰撞
            if self.vel_y < 0:
               self.vel_y = 0
               dy = tile[1].bottom - self.rect.top
            # 检测与地面顶部的碰撞
            elif self.vel_y >= 0:
               self.vel_y = 0
               self.in_air = False
               dy = tile[1].top - self.rect.bottom
      # 检测与水面的碰撞
      if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, water_group, False):
         self.health = 0
      # 检车与出口标志碰撞
      level_complete = False
      if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, exit_group, False):
         level_complete = True
      # 检测从地图上坠落下来
      if self.rect.bottom > SCREEN_HEIGHT:
         self.health = 0
      # 检测是否走到窗口的边缘，如果走到窗口边缘就不让再走了
      if self.char_type == "player":
         if self.rect.left + dx < 0 or self.rect.right + dx > SCREEN_WIDTH:
            dx = 0
      # 更新矩形的位置
      self.rect.x += dx
      self.rect.y += dy
      # 在玩家位置的基础上更新滚动平台  rect.right 对应矩形的左，以此类推
      if self.char_type == "player":
         if (self.rect.right > SCREEN_WIDTH - SCROLL_THRESH and bg_scroll < world.level_length * TILE_SIZE - SCREEN_WIDTH)\
               or (self .rect.left < SCROLL_THRESH and bg_scroll > abs(dx)):
            self.rect.x -= dx
            screen_scroll = -dx

      return screen_scroll, level_complete

   def shoot(self):
      if self.shoot_cooldown == 0 and self.ammo > 0:
         self.shoot_cooldown = 20
         bullet = Bullet(self.rect.centerx + (0.75 * self.rect.size[0] * self.direction), self.rect.centery,
                     self.direction)
         bullet_group.add(bullet)
         #减少弹药
         self.ammo -= 1
         shot_fx.play()
   def ai(self):
      if self.alive and player.alive:
         if self.idling == False and random.randint(1, 100) == 1:
            self.update_action(0) # 选择闲置动作
            self.idling = True
         # ai检测到我方士兵在附近
         if self.vision.colliderect(player.rect):
            # 停止奔跑并面向玩家的时候
            self.update_action(0)
            # 并射击
            self.shoot()
         else:
            # 不定时扔手雷
            now_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
            if math.sqrt(math.pow(abs(self.rect.centerx - player.rect.centerx), 2) + math.pow(
                  abs(self.rect.centery - player.rect.centery), 2)) < TILE_SIZE * 5:
               if self.grenades > 0:
                  if now_time - self.grenade_time > random.randint(2000, 3000):
                     # 停止奔跑并面向玩家的时候
                     self.update_action(0)
                     self.grenade_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
                     grenade = Grenade(self.rect.centerx, self.rect.centery, self.direction)
                     grenade_group.add(grenade)
                     self.grenades -= 1

            if self.idling == False:
               if self.direction == 1:
                  ai_moving_right = True
                  self.idling_counter = 50
               else:
                  ai_moving_right = False
               ai_moving_left = not ai_moving_right
               self.move(ai_moving_left, ai_moving_right)
               self.update_action(1) # 选择运动动作
               self.move_counter += 1
               # 更新ai视觉范围作为移动范围
               self.vision.center = (self.rect.centerx + 75 * self.direction, self.rect.centery)
               # pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, self.vision)
               if self.move_counter > TILE_SIZE:
                  self.direction *= -1
                  self.move_counter *= -1
            else:
               self.idling_counter -= 1
               if self.idling_counter <= 0:
                  self.idling = False

      # 滚动
      self.rect.x += screen_scroll
   def update_animation(self):
      # 更新动画
      ANIMATION_COOLDOWN= 100
      # 更新当前的帧
      self.image = self.animation_list[self.action][self.frame_index]
      # 检测现在的时间更新时间
      if pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.update_time > ANIMATION_COOLDOWN:
         self.update_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
         self.frame_index += 1
      # 检测如果列表索引超出了动画帧数
      if self.frame_index >= len(self.animation_list[self.action]):
         if self.action == 3:
            self.frame_index = len(self.animation_list[self.action]) - 1
         else:
            self.frame_index = 0
   def update_action(self, new_action):
       # 判断不同的行动播放不同的动画
      if new_action != self.action:
         self.action = new_action
         # 更新动画设置
         self.frame_index = 0
         self.update_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
   def check_alive(self):
      if self.health <= 0:
         self.health = 0
         self.speed = 0
         self.alive = False
         self.update_action(3)
   def draw(self):
      screen.blit(pygame.transform.flip(self.image, self.flip, False), self.rect)
# 收集物品类
class ItemBox(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, item_type, x, y):
      super().__init__()
      self.item_type = item_type
      self.image = item_boxes.get(self.item_type)
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.midtop = (x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + (TILE_SIZE - self.image.get_height()))
   def update(self):
      # 滚动
      self.rect.x += screen_scroll
      # 检车士兵与物品的碰撞
      if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, player):
         # 检测获取箱子的种类
         if self.item_type == "Health":
            player.health += 25
            if player.health > player.max_health:
               player.health = player.max_health
         elif self.item_type == "Ammo":
            player.ammo += 15
         elif self.item_type == "Grenade":
            player.grenades += 3
         # 删除物品
         self.kill()


# 创建血条类
class HealthBar():
   def __init__(self, x, y, health, max_health):
      self.x = x
      self.y = y
      self.health = health
      self.max_health = max_health
   def draw(self, health):
      # 更新最新血条
      self.health = health
      # 计算血条的比率
      ratio = self.health / self.max_health
      pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, (self.x - 2, self.y - 2, 154, 24))
      pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, (self.x, self.y, 150, 20))
      pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, (self.x, self.y, 150 * ratio, 20))

class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, x, y, direction):
      super().__init__()
      self.speed = 10
      self.image = bullet_img
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.center = (x, y)
      self.direction = direction
   def update(self):
      # 移动子弹
      self.rect.x += (self.direction * self.speed) + screen_scroll  # 子弹射出也要一起移动
      # 检测子弹与地面瓷砖的碰撞
      for tile in world.obstacle_list:
         if tile[1].colliderect(self.rect):
            self.kill()
      # 检测子弹的碰撞
      if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, bullet_group, False):
         if player.alive:
            player.health -= 5
            self.kill()
      for enemy in enemy_group:
         if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(enemy, bullet_group, False):
            if enemy.alive:
               enemy.health -= 25
               self.kill()
# 创建手雷
class Grenade(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, x, y, direction):
      super().__init__()
      self.timer = 90
      self.vel_y = -11
      self.speed = 7
      self.image = grenade_img
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.center = (x, y)
      self.direction = direction
      self.width = self.image.get_width()
      self.height = self.image.get_height()
   def update(self):
      self.vel_y += GRAVITY
      dx = self.direction * self.speed
      dy = self.vel_y

      # 检测手雷与每个瓷砖的碰撞
      for tile in world.obstacle_list:
         # 检测与瓷砖墙壁的碰撞
         if tile[1].colliderect(self.rect.x + dx, self.rect.y, self.width, self.height):
            self.direction *= -1
            dx = self.direction * self.speed
         # 检测与y方向上的碰撞
         if tile[1].colliderect(self.rect.x, self.rect.y + dy, self.width, self.height):
            self.speed = 0
            # 检测与地面底部的碰撞向下反弹
            if self.vel_y < 0:
               self.vel_y = 0
               dy = tile[1].bottom - self.rect.top
            # 检测与地面顶部的碰撞
            elif self.vel_y >= 0:
               self.vel_y = 0
               self.in_air = False
               dy = tile[1].top - self.rect.bottom
      # 更新受累的位置
      self.rect.x += dx + screen_scroll # 手雷扔出也需要加上滚动的量
      self.rect.y += dy
      # 手雷爆炸冷却时间
      self.timer -= 1
      if self.timer <= 0:
         self.kill()
         grenade_fx.play()
         explosion = Explosion(self.rect.x, self.rect.y, 0.8)
         explosion_group.add(explosion)
         # 爆炸后对任何人在一定的范围内都有伤害
         if abs(self.rect.centerx - player.rect.centerx) < TILE_SIZE * 2 and \
            abs(self.rect.centery - player.rect.centery) < TILE_SIZE * 2:
            player.health -= 10
         for enemy in enemy_group:
            # if abs(self.rect.centerx - enemy.rect.centerx) < TILE_SIZE and \
            #  abs(self.rect.centery - enemy.rect.centery) < TILE_SIZE:
            #  enemy.health -= 100
            if abs(self.rect.centerx - enemy.rect.centerx) < TILE_SIZE * 2 and \
               abs(self.rect.centery - enemy.rect.centery) < TILE_SIZE * 2:
               enemy.health -= 50
# 创建地图的类
class World():
   def __init__(self):
      self.obstacle_list = [] # 障碍列表
   def process_data(self, data1):
      self.level_length = len(data1[0])
      # 迭代加载数据的每个值
      for y, row in enumerate(data1):
         for x, tile in enumerate(row):
            if tile >= 0:
               img = img_list[tile]
               img_rect = img.get_rect()
               img_rect.x = x * TILE_SIZE
               img_rect.y = y * TILE_SIZE
               tile_data = (img, img_rect)
               if tile >= 0 and tile <= 8:  # 地面泥块
                  self.obstacle_list.append(tile_data)
               elif tile >= 9 and tile <= 10: # 水
                  water = Water(img, x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE)
                  water_group.add(water)
               elif tile >= 11 and tile <= 14: # 装饰类型的
                  decoration = Decoration(img, x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE)
                  decoration_group.add(decoration)
               elif tile == 15: # 创建玩家自己
                  player = Soldier("player", x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE, 1.65, 5, 30, 10)
                  health_bar = HealthBar(10, 10, player.health, player.health)
               elif tile == 16: # 创建敌人
                  enemy = Soldier("enemy", x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE, 1.65, 2, 20, 5)
                  enemy_group.add(enemy)
               elif tile == 17:
                  # 收集弹药
                  item_box = ItemBox("Ammo", x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE)
                  item_box_group.add(item_box)
               elif tile == 18:
                  # 收集手雷
                  item_box = ItemBox("Grenade", x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE)
                  item_box_group.add(item_box)
               elif tile == 19:
                  # 收集医药
                  item_box = ItemBox("Health", x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE)
                  item_box_group.add(item_box)
               elif tile == 20: # 出口
                  exit = Exit(img, x * TILE_SIZE, y * TILE_SIZE)
                  exit_group.add(exit)
      return player, health_bar
   def draw(self):
      for tile in self.obstacle_list:
         tile[1][0] += screen_scroll
         screen.blit(tile[0], tile[1])
# 装饰品类
class Decoration(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, img, x, y):
      super().__init__()
      self.image = img
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.midtop = (x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + (TILE_SIZE - self.image.get_height()))
   def update(self):
      self.rect.x += screen_scroll
# 创建水类
class Water(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, img, x, y):
      super().__init__()
      self.image = img
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.midtop = (x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + (TILE_SIZE - self.image.get_height()))
   def update(self):
      self.rect.x += screen_scroll

# 创建出口
class Exit(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, img, x, y):
      super().__init__()
      self.image = img
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.midtop = (x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + (TILE_SIZE - self.image.get_height()))
   def update(self):
      self.rect.x += screen_scroll

# 创建爆炸类
class Explosion(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
   def __init__(self, x, y, scale):
      super().__init__()
      self.images = []
      for num in range(1, 6):
         img = pygame.image.load(f"img/explosion/exp{num}.png").convert_alpha()
         img = pygame.transform.scale(img, (int(img.get_width() * scale), int(img.get_height() * scale)))
         self.images.append(img)
      self.frame_index = 0
      self.image = self.images[self.frame_index]
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.center = (x, y)
      self.counter = 0

   def update(self):
      # 爆炸加滚动
      self.rect.x += screen_scroll
      EXPLOSION_SPEED = 4
      # 更新爆炸动画
      self.counter += 1
      if self.counter >= EXPLOSION_SPEED:
         self.counter = 0
         self.frame_index += 1
         # 检测爆炸完成后删除爆炸
         if self.frame_index >= len(self.images):
            self.kill()
         else:
            self.image = self.images[self.frame_index]


class ScreenFade():
   def __init__(self, direction, color, speed):
      self.direction = direction
      self.color = color
      self.speed = speed
      self.fade_counter = 0

   def fade(self):
      fade_complete = False # 定义判断是否完成覆盖
      self.fade_counter += self.speed
      if self.direction == 1: #所有类型的淡入淡出
         pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (0 - self.fade_counter, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) # 向左拉开序幕
         pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (SCREEN_WIDTH // 2 + self.fade_counter, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) # 向右拉开序幕
         pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (0, 0 - self.fade_counter, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2))
         pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (0, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2 + self.fade_counter, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
      if self.direction == 2: # 垂直向下淡入
         pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, (0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, 0 + self.fade_counter))
      if self.fade_counter >= SCREEN_WIDTH:
         fade_complete = True
      return fade_complete

# 创建淡入淡出
intro_fade = ScreenFade(1, BLACK, 4)
death_fade = ScreenFade(2, PINK, 4)

#创建开始、退出、重置菜单按钮
start_button = button.Button(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2 - 130, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2 - 150, start_img, 1)
exit_button = button.Button(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2 - 110, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2 + 50, exit_img, 1)
restart_button = button.Button(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2 - 70, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2 - 50, restart_img, 1)

#创建群组
enemy_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
bullet_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
grenade_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
explosion_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
item_box_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
decoration_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
water_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
exit_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
# 创建空的瓷砖列表
world_data = []
for row in range(ROWS):
   r = [-1] * COLS
   world_data.append(r)
# 加载级别数据创建地图
with open(f"level{level}_data.csv", newline="") as csvfile:
   reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=",")
   for y, row in enumerate(reader):
      for x, tile in enumerate(row):
         world_data[y][x] = int(tile)
world = World()
player, health_bar = world.process_data(world_data)
run = True
while run:
   clock.tick(FPS)
   if start_game == False:
      # 显示主菜单
      # 画菜单
      screen.fill(BG)
      # 增加按钮
      if start_button.draw(screen):
         start_game = True
         start_intro = True
      if exit_button.draw(screen):
         run = False
   else:
      draw_bg()
      # 显示地图
      world.draw()
      # 显示血条
      health_bar.draw(player.health)
      # 显示弹药量
      draw_text("AMMO: ", font, WHITE, 10, 35)
      for x in range(player.ammo):
         screen.blit(bullet_img, (90 + (x * 10), 40))
      # 显示手雷量
      draw_text("GRENADES: ", font, WHITE, 10, 60)
      for x in range(player.grenades):
         screen.blit(grenade_img, (135 + (x * 15), 60))
      # 显示血条量
      # draw_text(f"AMMO: {player.ammo}", font, WHITE, 10, 35)

      player.update()
      player.draw()

      for enemy in enemy_group:
         enemy.ai()
         enemy.update()
         enemy.draw()

      # 更新和画组
      bullet_group.update()
      grenade_group.update()
      explosion_group.update()
      item_box_group.update()
      decoration_group.update()
      water_group.update()
      exit_group.update()
      bullet_group.draw(screen)
      grenade_group.draw(screen)
      explosion_group.draw(screen)
      item_box_group.draw(screen)
      decoration_group.draw(screen)
      water_group.draw(screen)
      exit_group.draw(screen)
      # 显示淡入
      if start_intro:
         if intro_fade.fade():
            start_intro = False
            intro_fade.fade_counter = 0

      # 更新玩家的动作
      if player.alive:
         # 发射子弹
         if shoot:
            player.shoot()
         # 扔手雷
         elif grenade and grenade_thrown == False and player.grenades > 0:
            grenade = Grenade(player.rect.centerx + (0.5 * player.rect.size[0] * player.direction),
                          player.rect.top, player.direction)
            grenade_group.add(grenade)
            player.grenades -= 1
            grenade_thrown = True

         if player.in_air:
            player.update_action(2)
         elif moving_left or moving_right:
            player.update_action(1)
         else:
            player.update_action(0)

         screen_scroll, level_complete = player.move(moving_left, moving_right)
         bg_scroll -= screen_scroll
         # 检测玩家是否通过该级别，把二位列表的具体位置（某一行的某一列）赋值
         if level_complete:
            start_intro = True
            level += 1
            bg_scroll = 0
            world_data = reset_level()
            if level <= MAX_LEVELS:
               # 加载级别数据创建地图
               with open(f"level{level}_data.csv", newline="") as csvfile:
                  reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=",")
                  for y, row in enumerate(reader):
                     for x, tile in enumerate(row):
                        world_data[y][x] = int(tile)

               world = World()
               player, health_bar = world.process_data(world_data)

      else:
         screen_scroll = 0
         if death_fade.fade(): # 完成覆盖后才出现按钮中间时间过渡
            if restart_button.draw(screen):
               death_fade.fade_counter = 0 # 计数清零
               start_intro = True
               bg_scroll = 0
               world_data = reset_level()
               # 加载级别数据创建地图
               with open(f"level{level}_data.csv", newline="") as csvfile:
                  reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=",")
                  for y, row in enumerate(reader):
                     for x, tile in enumerate(row):
                        world_data[y][x] = int(tile)

               world = World()
               player, health_bar = world.process_data(world_data)


   for event in pygame.event.get():
      # 退出游戏
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
         run = False
         pygame.quit()
         sys.exit()
      # 键盘按键
      if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
         if event.key == pygame.K_a:
            moving_left = True
         if event.key == pygame.K_d:
            moving_right = True
         if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            shoot = True
         if event.key == pygame.K_q:
            grenade = True
         if event.key == pygame.K_w and player.alive:
            player.jump = True
            jump_fx.play()
         if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
            run = False
      # 按键释放
      if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
         if event.key == pygame.K_a:
            moving_left = False
         if event.key == pygame.K_d:
            moving_right = False
         if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            shoot = False
         if event.key == pygame.K_q:
            grenade = False
            grenade_thrown = False


   pygame.display.update()

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